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河南省自学考试英语笔记

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河南省自学考试英语笔记

发布时间:

河南省自学考试英语笔记

Unit9(第26讲—第28讲) 本课简介 在learned words and popular words这篇课文中,作者对学术词汇和普通词汇进行了定义。讲述了两类词汇之间的差异,并且指出把词分为学术的和普通的方便而且有道理。但是人们必须注意,把普通词汇理解为属于大众所有的词,而不是某个特定阶层的人们所拥有的东西。学术词汇也并非有学问之人专用,只是它的存在是由于书籍和文学的培养而不是日常会话的实际需要。 本课主要语言点 1. In every cultivated language there are two great classes of words which, taken together, make up the whole vocabulary. class在本句中的意思是“种类”,相当于type, category.如: 1)It is very difficult to meet the needs of various classes of readers.(要满足各种读者的需要十分困难) 2)How many classes are you going to divide these books? (你打算把这些书分成几类?) class 还常用来表示“等级”,如:a second-class hotel (二等旅馆); an economy-class ticket (经济舱票);fly first class (乘头等舱航空旅行)。 class 也可以用动词用,意思是“把 …分类;把…看作”,如: 1)At 19 you are still classed as a teenager.(到了十九岁,你仍旧是青少年。) 2)He was classed as a genius (他被看作为天才) make up 在本句中的意思是“组成、构成”,请看例句: 1)Twenty-six boys and twenty-four girls make up the class (二十六名男生和二十四名女生组成了这个班) 2)Twelve doctors made up the medical team (十二名医生组成医疗队) 用被动语态时则应用be made up of,如: This engine is made up of 490 parts (这台发动机是由四百九十个部件装配而成的) taken together 过去分词短语做后置定语,对中心词做一些附加说明,相当于一个非限定性定语从句,要用逗号和中心词隔开,如: All the letters in the drawer, written in pencil, are from my brother.(抽屉里的这些用铅笔写的信都是我弟弟写的。) 2. First, there are those words with which we become familiar in ordinary conversation, which we learn, that is to say, from the members of our own family and from our friends, and which we should know and use even if we could not read or write. 句子中which引导的都是定语从句,修饰中心词words.第一个which的前面有介词with,这儿的with是familiar with中的介词前置了。Familiar with 意为“熟悉”。如:Are you familiar with the man standing over there?(站在那边的那个人你熟悉吗?) 请注意familiar with 与familiar to 的区别,familiar with 的主语通常是人,而familiar to的主语通常是物。如: 1)I am not familiar with this place. 2) This place is mot familiar to me. that is to say 是插入语,其作用是对整个一句话进行解释,类似的插入语还有so to speak, if I may say so, if you don't mind等等,如: 1)I'd really rather not go, if you don't mind 我确实不想去,你如果不介意的话。 2) The new emperor was, so to speak, a puppet.新皇帝可以说是个傀儡。 3.They concern the common things of life, and are the stock in trade of who speak the language concern 在句中的意思是“涉及,有关于”,如: 1)Don't interfere in things that don't concern you (别干预跟你无关的事)。 2)The energy problem concerns us all (能源问题关系到我们每个人) stock的意思很多,如“存货”,“股票”,“公债券”,“牲畜”等。 1)They hold a rich stock of information (他们掌握着丰富的材料) 2)You cannot buy it because it's out of stock (你买不成了,货品已经脱销) 3)He used to have a stock farm (他曾经拥有一个畜牧场) 4)The fridge was carefully stocked up with food.(冰箱里周到地放满了食品) stock in trade 也可以写成stock in trade,意思是“例行工作”,“常规”,如: 1)Complaints were a stock in trade of an airport manager's job (机场经理的工作就是常常面对投诉) 2)He was the master of black humor, it was his stock in trade (他是黑色幽默大师,黑色幽默是他的专长) 4.Such words may be called “popular”, since they belong to the people at large and are not the possession of a limited class only. since 在句中引导的是一个原因状语从句,请看例句: 1)Since it was Saturday, he got up very late (因为是周六,他起床很晚。) 2)You can take the place of him since he is not interested (你可以取代他,因为他对这事不感兴趣) at large 在本句中的意思是“整个”,这个词组的意思还有很多,请看下面的句子: 1)The people at large love peace (大多数人热爱和平) 2)The virus is still at large (这种病毒还在蔓延) 3)The murderer is still at large (杀人犯仍逍遥法外) 4)He talked at large about his plans (他详尽地谈了自己的计划) 5)They made the arrangements at large (他们随意地做了安排 ) 5. 请注意区别与possession 有关的两个词组:in possession of sth……和 in the possession of sb. 1)He is in possession of this house (他拥有这所房子) 2)The house is in the possession of him 3)On the other hand, our language includes large number of words which are relatively seldom used in ordinary conversation. 英语中有许多表示启承转合的词语,阅语中注意这些词有助于我们提高理解力,写作中注意用这些词,有助于我们把文章写得连贯、有条理。On the other hand 在本句中用来表示不同或相反的语气,在前一段中讲了popular word 这一段中作者则要讲讲learned words. 表示不同或相反语气的词还有很多,比如:Conversely, however, on the contrary, unlike, whereas, yet等等。 前面我们提到过number可以与可数名词连用,而amount可与不可数名词连用,如: 1)A large number of students have passed the exam (许多学生已经通过了考试) 2)They paid a large amount of money for the house (他们付了一大笔钱买了这座房子) 6.Their meanings are known to every educated person, but there is little occasion to use them at home occasion 通常可以做可数名词用,意思是“时刻、场合”;也可以做不可数名词用,意思是:“必要性、需要;机会”。如: 1)They're met on several occasions (他们已相遇过好几次) 2)They are occasions when you find it difficult to say “Good-bye”。(有时候你会觉得说“再见”很难。) 3)I don't remember I had occasion to blame him (我不记得我有责备他的必要) 7.In the latter, we are using a Latin Derivation which has exactly the same meaning 在前一句中用了“in the first case,” 本句中的“in the latter ”是指in the latter case .对两件事分别进行表述时,可以用in the first case, in the latter case 这一类词,条理非常清楚,也可以用the former,the latter 来表述。derivation 是derive 的名词形式。Latin derivation 意思是“拉丁语词源的词”,请看例句: 1)These words are derived from Latin (这些词由拉丁语派生而来) 2)The derivation of words is interesting (词的派生很有意思) 8. The terms “popular” and “learned”, as applied to words, are not absolute definitions.本句中的term意思是“术语、名称”,如: 1) I don't know how to put this term into Chinese (我不知道如何把这一术语译成中文) 2) Writer is hardly the term to apply to him (“作家”这一名称很难用在他身上) term 还有“期限;任期;学期”的意思,如: 1)During his 4-year term of office, he did a lot of things for the common people.(在他四年的任职期间,他为普通百姓做了不少事。) 2) He decided to rum for a second term (他决定竞选连任。) 3) The autumn term is coming to an end (秋学期快要结束了。) apply to 在句中的意思是“用于”,如: 1)This rule applies to upper class students only (这条规则只适用于高年级学生。) 2)I don't think what he says applies to you (我想他的话对你不适用) 3)They are eager to apply the theory to practice (他们急切地想把这一理论用于实践) apply for 则是“申请”的意思,如: 1)How many people have applied for the job?(有多少人申请了这个工作?) 2)They applied for permission to use the tennis court (他们申请使用网球场。) 9. Still the classification into “learned” and “popular” is convenient and sound .本句中的sound是形容词,意思是“正确的;明智的”,如: 1)He felt so happy that he had made a sound decision.(做了正确的决定,他感到很高兴。) 2)He was so carried away by power that he could not make any sound judgement(他被权力冲昏了头脑,无法做出任何明智的判断) 请看下面几个句子,注意sound 在句中的意思: 1)He is sound in body and mind (他身心健康) 2)The house is sound .Don't hesitate to buy it (这所房了完好无损,别犹豫,买下它) 3)The baby is having a sound sleep.(宝宝在酣睡) 4)Father gave him a sound beating.(父亲给他一顿痛打) 10.When we call a word “learned” we don't mean that it is used by learned persons alone, but simply that its presence in the English vocabulary is due to books and the cultivation of literature rather than to the actual needs of ordinary people not (that)…。but (that)。意思“不是…。而是。”如: 1)I came here again not because I enjoy the scenery so much but because I like the people .(我又来这儿,不是因为我多喜欢这儿的景色,而是我爱这儿的人们。) 2)By calling him Shylock, I don't mean that he is named Shylock,but that he is as miserly as Shylock.(叫他夏洛克,我不是说他的名字叫夏洛克,而是说他像夏洛克一样吝啬。) due to 在句中的意思是“由于”,如: 1)His failure was due to carelessness (他的失败是由于粗心。) 2)Due to lack of funds,they had to postpone the project.(由于缺少资金,他们不得不推迟计划) rather than 在本句的意思是“不是…而是……”,“与其……不如…” 1) He is a writer than a teacher (与其说他是教师,不如说他是作家。) 2)He lay rather than sit in the armchair (与其说他是坐在扶手椅上不如说是躺在里面。) 本课主要词组 1.make up 2.be familiar with 3.learn from 4.belong to 5.at large 6.on the other hand 7.be knows to 8.acquaintance with 9.in a style 10. be of importance 11. in the first case 12. in the latter (case) 13. in print 14. apply to 15. come up 16. as to 17. as a whole 18. due to 19. rather than Text B how should you build up your vocabulary? 短语表达 1. build up (建立;增强;增加) They worked hard to build up the friendship between the people in two countries. Get plenty of exercise every to build up your health. 2. come across (穿过,出现;遇到) They came across the street to meet me. A good idea came across my mind We are bound to come across difficulties, but we are determined to overcome them. 3. look up (查阅) If there are words you don't understand, look them up in the dictionary . For further information about this matter, look up this book. 4. at top speed (以速度) He drove his car at top speed It's dangerous to corner at top speed 5. depend on (依靠;取决于) We'll depend mainly on ourselves to solve the problem. The accomplishment of the task depends on the solution of this major problem. 6. make sense (有意义、讲得通) What he said just now didn't make any sense to me. This sentence doesn't make any sense. 7. try doing sth(尝试做某事) You can try using another method to go it He tried climbing the mountain without any help. 8. come up with (提出,想出;提供) He is expected to come up with some ideas after he thinks about the problem. The TV network will come up with better shows in the future. 9. lead to(导致) Our discussions led to confusion. The earthquake led to heavy loss of life. 10. after all (毕竟) Don't expect too much of him, he is, after all, a child of 10. We didn't finish all the work. After all, we didn't have enough hands 11. provide with (提供) It is necessary that you provide them with all the equipment We are satisfied to be provided with these kitchen utensils 12. begin with (以……开始) The first word of a sentence should begin with a capital letter . To begin with, we ought to know what we are here for.

10.solution n. 解决办法 solve v. 解决 1)The loan was only a temporary solution to the country's financial difficulties.(借贷只能暂时解决这个国家的经济困难。) 2)After a day's careful thought, he came up with a good solution. (经过一天的仔细考虑,他才想出一个好办法。) 3)We should work together on the solution of our national problems. (我们应该一起解决我们国家的问题。) 4)I really don't know how to solve the problem. (我真不知道如何解决这个问题。) 5)They found a new way of solving the problem. (他们找到了解决这个问题的新办法。) (请注意用solution这个名词时,通常用a solution to a problem表示“问题的解决办法。”。) 11.adapt v. 使适应,使适合;改写 1)We should adapt our thinking to the new conditions. (我们应该使自己的思想适应新的情况。) 2)Some animals will modify their behavior to adapt to their environment. (一些动物改变它们的习性以适应环境。) 3)Can you adapt your way of thinking to the new life-style? (你能使你的思想适应新的生活方式吗?) 4)They adapt a novel for the screen. (他们把小说改编为电影。) 请注意adapt 和adopt的区别,adopt意为“采用;收养”。 1)They are going to adopt new techniques in raising silkworms. (他们准备采用新的养蚕技术。) 2)A little girl was adopted into the family. (一个小女孩被收养为家庭一员。) 12. perfect adj. 完美的;完全的 v. 使完美,改善 1)He speaks perfect English. (他说一口地道的英语。) 2)The actor is perfect for the part. (由这位演员担任这一角色再理想不过了。) 3)He is in perfect health. (他身体十分健康。) 4)He is a perfect stranger. (他是个完全陌生的人。) 5)They decided to send their son to England to perfect his English. (他们决定把儿子送到英国去提高他的英语水平。) 13. acceptable adj. 可以接受的 accept v. 接受 1)This proposal is acceptable to all. (这个建议大家都能接受。) 2)Tom received an acceptable marks on the test. (汤姆在测验中的分数尚可。) 3)Don't accept everything you see on TV as true. (别以为在电视上看到的一切都是真实的。) 4)I didn't expect him to accept my suggestion. (我没指望他接受我的建议。) 5)The plan has won wide acceptance among the people. (这个计划受到了人们的普通欢迎。) 6)He nodded in delighted acceptance. (他愉快地点头表示赞同。) 14. evidence n. 发现;(调查或研究)结果;根据 evident adj. 明显的 1)Do you have any evidence for this statement? (你这样说有任何根据吗?) 2)There are evidences that somebody has been living here. (迹象表明有人一直住在这儿。) 3)It is evident that we do not understand each other. (显然,我们彼此不了解。) 4)He spoke with evident disappointment. (他带着明显的失望说话。) 5)We can say with good evidence that their work is one of the best. (我们有充分的证据说明他们的工作是的。) 15. determine v. 决定;确定 determined adj. 下决心的 determination n. 决心;结论 1)He has determined on a course of action. (他已决定了行动计划。) 2)The police wanted to determine all the facts. (警察想查明全部事实。) 3)His father is determined to quit smoking. (他父亲决心戒烟。) 4)He made his determination after he read the test report. (他在看了化验报告后下了结论。) 5)Mr. Smith is a man of determination. (史密斯先生是个有决断力的人。) 16. growth n. 生长 grow v. 生长 1)The growth in tourism is really astonishing. (旅游业的发展实在令人惊异。) 2)The rapid growth of world population is creating more and more problems. (世界人口的迅速发展带来了越来越多的问题。) 3)His hair has grown too long. (他的头发长得太长了。) 4)Friendship grew between them. (他们之间产生了友情。) 5)You will grow used to it. (你会渐渐对此习惯的。) 本课主要构词法 Affixation 词缀法 1. 形容词后缀 -able disagreeable acceptable 2. 副词后缀 -ly scientifically previously entirely frequently 3. 名词后缀 -ion imagination solution 4. 反义词前缀 un- unknown unpleasant 本课简介 在“Scientific Attitudes”这篇课文中,作者指出科学始于人类对周围环境的疑问。当人类具有去伪存真的能力时,科学也开始迅猛发展。好奇和想像是有助于推动科学发现和发展重要素质。作者还认为具有科学头脑的人相信“因果”关系。任何现象的存在必有原因,只是有些尚未被发现。思想开放、无偏见;尊重别人的观点;凡事以事实为依据都是科学的态度。 人物背景 1.Benjamin Franklin:富兰克林(1706-1790年),美国政治家及科学家。美国18世纪名列华盛顿后的最的人物,参加起草独立宣言。在科学方面进行过有名的电实验,并对电做了理论说明。只受过极短的正规教育,全靠勤奋自学成才。法国经济学家杜尔哥颂扬他“从天空抓到雷电,从专制统治者手中夺回权力”。 2.Thomas Edison:爱迪生(1847-1931年),美国发明家。技术历史中显著的天才之一,拥有白炽灯、留声机、电影放映机等1093种发明专利,还创办了世界上第一个工业研究实验室。 3.Galileo:伽利略(1564-1642年),意大利物理学家及天文学家。对现代科学思想的发展作出过重大贡献。最早用望远镜观察天体,并曾用大量事实证明地球环绕太阳转,否定地心说。 4.Louis Pasteur:巴斯德(1822-1895年)法国化学家及微生物学家。证明发酵及传染病是微生物引起的,创始并首先应用疫苗接种以预防狂犬病、鸡霍乱等,挽救了法、英等国的养蚕业和啤酒业。 5.Edward Jenner:金纳(1749-1823年),英国医生,牛痘接种法创始人。历经周折使牛痘接种法得以公认,并传播到欧美大陆及全世界,使天花的病死率大为下降。

河南自学考试英语笔记

3. Diamonds are made from carbon. 由……制成,可以用be made from和be made of两个词组来表达。但是be made from通常指制成品已看不出原材料是什么,而be made of可以看出该物品由什么材料制成的。如: 1) Paper is made from some plants. (纸是由某些植物制成的。) 2) This beer is made from grain. (这种啤酒是用粮食酿制的。) 3) The houses were made of brick. (这些房屋是砖造的。) 4) This toy is made of cotton. (这个玩具是布做的。) 4. Scientists know that the combination of extreme heat and pressure changes carbon into diamonds. extreme在句中做形容词用,意思是“极度的”,如: 1) Extreme cold can wake a hibernating animal. (极度的寒冷能使正在冬眠的动物苏醒。) 2) They will have to endure extreme discomfort in winter. (冬天时,他们将不得不忍受极度的不适。) change…into意思是“把…转变为…”,如: 1) Water changes into vapour when heated. (水加热后转变为蒸气。) 2) Go to the bank and you can easily change these dollars into RMB. (你去银行就能很容易地把这些美元换成人民币。) 5. Such heat and pressure exist only in the hot, liquid mass of molten rock deep inside the earth. 请注意such与so之间的不同用法。such后面接名词,而so后面接形容词或副词。如: 1) I don't believe he could make such a mistake. (我相信他不会犯这样的错误的。) 2) How can you go out on such a rainy day? (在这样的雨天里,你怎么能出门?) 3) He spoke so fast that I couldn't follow. (他说话太快,我听不懂。) 4) I'm so glad you could come. (你能来我真高兴。) mass在本句中的意思是“(聚成一体的)团、块”,比如: 1) a mass of hot air(一团热气) 2) a mass of sand(一堆沙) 3) Rain occurs when a mass of warm air is laden with water. (一团云聚集大量的水蒸气就形成了雨。) Mass也可以做形容词用,意思是“群众的”、“大量的”,如: 1) a mass meeting (群众大会) 2) mass education (大众教育) 3) mass media (大众传媒) 4) Mass production could very well cut the cost. (大规模生产可以降低成本。) 6. It is thought that millions of years ago this liquid mass pushed upward through cracks in the earth's crust. It is thought that…是一个很常用的句型,类似的句型在英语中很多,比如: 1) It is / was, has been…, reported that… 2) It is / was, has been…, stated that… 3) It is / was, has been…, pointed out that… 4) It is / was, has been…, mentioned that… 5) It is / was, has been…, believed that… 7. A. There are only four areas where very many diamonds have been formed. B. The first known area was in India, where diamonds were found thousands of years ago. 定语从句可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。A句是限定性定语从句,B句是非限定性定语从句。A、B两句中都是用关系副词where来引导定语从句,修饰表示地点的名词。请看下面的句子,注意限定性定语从句一般不用逗号隔开: 1) Is there a shop around where we can get some fruit? (附近有什么商店可以买到水果吗?) 2) This is the place where we met yesterday. (这是我们昨天碰头的地方。) 3) The small town, where he once worked, has turned to be a modern city. (他曾经工作过的那座小城,已经变成现代化的城市了。) 8. In the 1600's…(十七世纪) In the 1720's…(十八世纪二十年代) In the 1800's…(十九世纪) 请注意年代的表达方法,以上的年代也可以表达为in the 1600s; in the 1720s; in the 1800s.如果我们要表达“在十七世纪初(中、末)期”,则可以说in the early(mid, late) 1600's/1600s. 9. Diamonds became very popular with the kings and queens of Europe. become / be popular with / among是一个常用词组,意思是“受…欢迎”,请看下面的句子: 1) These Chinese handicrafts are very popular with foreign friends. (这些中国工艺品很受外国朋友的喜爱。) 2) His novels are popular among young people. (他的小说很受年轻人的喜爱。) 3) Classical music is popular among more and more people. (古典音乐受到越来越多的人的喜爱。) 10. India's supply of diamonds was finally running out after 2,500 yeas of mining the stones. Supply在句子中做名词用,意思是“供应”。Supply常常可以做动词用,意思是“供给,提供”。请看下面的句子: 1) Economic stability can be reached if demand and supply are in balance. (如果供求关系平衡的话,就能实现经济的稳定。) 2) Many materials are in short supply. (许多材料供应不足。) 3) The increasing world population will put a strain on food supply. (不断增长的世界人口将对粮食供应带来重负。) 4) You have to supply him with an answer. (你得给他提供一个答案。) 5) Most towns are supplied with tap-water and electricity. (大多数城镇都有自来水和电力供应。) run out是一个常用词组,意思是“用完,用尽”。请看例句: 1) Time is running out. We have to hurry. (时间快到了,我们得快点。) 2) My patience is running out. (我快要耐不住了。) 3) His luck seemed to have run out. (他的好运似乎结束了。) 我们也可以用run out来表达类似的意思,但run out of的主语应该是“某人”。如: 1) They have run out of money, so they have to find a job. (他们钱用完了,所以得找一份工作。) 2) I have run out of ink. (我的墨水用完了。) 11. People would pick up handfuls of gravel from the bottom of the streams and sort out the diamonds. -ful通常加在名词后面,构成形容词,如care-careful,help-helpful.而本句中的handful是一个名词,意思是“一把”,在单词部分,我们已经提到过,英语中有不少这样的词,如: 1) He gave me a basketful of beaches. (他给了我满满一篮子桃子。) 2) She put a spoonful of salt in the soup. (她往汤里撒了满满一勺盐。) 3) Tom is carrying an armful of books. (汤姆抱着一捆书。) sort out是一个常用词组,意思是“整理,分类”,如: 1) Sort out those of bigger size and put them in a box. (把大点的整理出来,放在盒子里。) 2) It took quite a while to sort out all our luggage. (把我们所有的行李整理好花了不少时间。) bottom在句子中做名词用,意思是“底部”。bottom还有“尽头、末端”的意思。请看例句: 1) There is some deposit in the bottom of the teapot. (茶壶底部有些沉淀物。) 2) At the bottom of the mountain, there is a beautiful village. (在山脚下有个美丽的村子。) 3) I felt grateful to you from the bottom of my heart. (我衷心地感谢你。) 4) Bottoms up. (干杯。) 12. These diamonds were probably carried from where they were formed to India by great sheets of moving ice that covered parts of the earth 20,000 years ago. where they were formed是where引出的名词性从句,作介词from的宾语。请看下面的句子: 1) He didn't say anything about where the accident took place. (他对事故在哪儿发生的只字未提。) 2) She hasn't made up her mind as to where she should go for the holiday. (她还没有决定到哪儿去度假。)

10.solution n. 解决办法 solve v. 解决 1)The loan was only a temporary solution to the country's financial difficulties.(借贷只能暂时解决这个国家的经济困难。) 2)After a day's careful thought, he came up with a good solution. (经过一天的仔细考虑,他才想出一个好办法。) 3)We should work together on the solution of our national problems. (我们应该一起解决我们国家的问题。) 4)I really don't know how to solve the problem. (我真不知道如何解决这个问题。) 5)They found a new way of solving the problem. (他们找到了解决这个问题的新办法。) (请注意用solution这个名词时,通常用a solution to a problem表示“问题的解决办法。”。) 11.adapt v. 使适应,使适合;改写 1)We should adapt our thinking to the new conditions. (我们应该使自己的思想适应新的情况。) 2)Some animals will modify their behavior to adapt to their environment. (一些动物改变它们的习性以适应环境。) 3)Can you adapt your way of thinking to the new life-style? (你能使你的思想适应新的生活方式吗?) 4)They adapt a novel for the screen. (他们把小说改编为电影。) 请注意adapt 和adopt的区别,adopt意为“采用;收养”。 1)They are going to adopt new techniques in raising silkworms. (他们准备采用新的养蚕技术。) 2)A little girl was adopted into the family. (一个小女孩被收养为家庭一员。) 12. perfect adj. 完美的;完全的 v. 使完美,改善 1)He speaks perfect English. (他说一口地道的英语。) 2)The actor is perfect for the part. (由这位演员担任这一角色再理想不过了。) 3)He is in perfect health. (他身体十分健康。) 4)He is a perfect stranger. (他是个完全陌生的人。) 5)They decided to send their son to England to perfect his English. (他们决定把儿子送到英国去提高他的英语水平。) 13. acceptable adj. 可以接受的 accept v. 接受 1)This proposal is acceptable to all. (这个建议大家都能接受。) 2)Tom received an acceptable marks on the test. (汤姆在测验中的分数尚可。) 3)Don't accept everything you see on TV as true. (别以为在电视上看到的一切都是真实的。) 4)I didn't expect him to accept my suggestion. (我没指望他接受我的建议。) 5)The plan has won wide acceptance among the people. (这个计划受到了人们的普通欢迎。) 6)He nodded in delighted acceptance. (他愉快地点头表示赞同。) 14. evidence n. 发现;(调查或研究)结果;根据 evident adj. 明显的 1)Do you have any evidence for this statement? (你这样说有任何根据吗?) 2)There are evidences that somebody has been living here. (迹象表明有人一直住在这儿。) 3)It is evident that we do not understand each other. (显然,我们彼此不了解。) 4)He spoke with evident disappointment. (他带着明显的失望说话。) 5)We can say with good evidence that their work is one of the best. (我们有充分的证据说明他们的工作是的。) 15. determine v. 决定;确定 determined adj. 下决心的 determination n. 决心;结论 1)He has determined on a course of action. (他已决定了行动计划。) 2)The police wanted to determine all the facts. (警察想查明全部事实。) 3)His father is determined to quit smoking. (他父亲决心戒烟。) 4)He made his determination after he read the test report. (他在看了化验报告后下了结论。) 5)Mr. Smith is a man of determination. (史密斯先生是个有决断力的人。) 16. growth n. 生长 grow v. 生长 1)The growth in tourism is really astonishing. (旅游业的发展实在令人惊异。) 2)The rapid growth of world population is creating more and more problems. (世界人口的迅速发展带来了越来越多的问题。) 3)His hair has grown too long. (他的头发长得太长了。) 4)Friendship grew between them. (他们之间产生了友情。) 5)You will grow used to it. (你会渐渐对此习惯的。) 本课主要构词法 Affixation 词缀法 1. 形容词后缀 -able disagreeable acceptable 2. 副词后缀 -ly scientifically previously entirely frequently 3. 名词后缀 -ion imagination solution 4. 反义词前缀 un- unknown unpleasant 本课简介 在“Scientific Attitudes”这篇课文中,作者指出科学始于人类对周围环境的疑问。当人类具有去伪存真的能力时,科学也开始迅猛发展。好奇和想像是有助于推动科学发现和发展重要素质。作者还认为具有科学头脑的人相信“因果”关系。任何现象的存在必有原因,只是有些尚未被发现。思想开放、无偏见;尊重别人的观点;凡事以事实为依据都是科学的态度。 人物背景 1.Benjamin Franklin:富兰克林(1706-1790年),美国政治家及科学家。美国18世纪名列华盛顿后的最的人物,参加起草独立宣言。在科学方面进行过有名的电实验,并对电做了理论说明。只受过极短的正规教育,全靠勤奋自学成才。法国经济学家杜尔哥颂扬他“从天空抓到雷电,从专制统治者手中夺回权力”。 2.Thomas Edison:爱迪生(1847-1931年),美国发明家。技术历史中显著的天才之一,拥有白炽灯、留声机、电影放映机等1093种发明专利,还创办了世界上第一个工业研究实验室。 3.Galileo:伽利略(1564-1642年),意大利物理学家及天文学家。对现代科学思想的发展作出过重大贡献。最早用望远镜观察天体,并曾用大量事实证明地球环绕太阳转,否定地心说。 4.Louis Pasteur:巴斯德(1822-1895年)法国化学家及微生物学家。证明发酵及传染病是微生物引起的,创始并首先应用疫苗接种以预防狂犬病、鸡霍乱等,挽救了法、英等国的养蚕业和啤酒业。 5.Edward Jenner:金纳(1749-1823年),英国医生,牛痘接种法创始人。历经周折使牛痘接种法得以公认,并传播到欧美大陆及全世界,使天花的病死率大为下降。

河南自学考试英语笔记整理

Unit7(第20讲—第22讲) 本课主要构词法 affixation (词缀法) 1. 名词后缀 -iondefinition 2. 名词后缀 -agemarriage 3. 名词后缀 -itysecurity 4. 形容词后缀 -alagricultural,industrial,traditional,social 5. 动词后缀 -izeindustrialize 本课简介 在Families这篇课文中,作者首先告诉我们对于不同的人来说“家庭”有不同的含义,但是家庭意味着某种归属这一点是所有人的共识。作者还对核心家庭和大家庭的演变进行了分析,从中我们更可以看出家庭成员在家庭中的角色和作用的变化。 本课语言点 1. …a group of people related by blood or marriage, … 句子中的by常可与某些名词连用,在名词前面不加定冠词the,意思相当于“with regard to”,“according to”。请看下面的例句: 1) He is an Englishman by birth. (他祖籍英国。) 2) He is a teacher by profession. (他以医生为职业。) 3) By birth and by education Thomas Jefferson belonged to the highest social class, but he never looked down upon the working-class people. (按其出生和所受的教育,托马斯·杰弗逊都属于社会的了阶层,但他从来不轻视劳动人民。) relate是一个动词,在句子中的意思是“使联系”。请看例句: 1)It is not difficult for people to relate the result to the cause. (人们要把结果和原因联系起来并不困难。) 2)It might be more helpful to you if you can relate theory to practice.(如果你能把理论和实践联系起来,对你的帮助也许会更大。) relate还可解释为叙述;有关,涉及;相处得好 1) He related us a story vividly. (他生动地给我们讲述了一个故事。) 2) His talk related to the international situation. (他的讲话涉及国际形势。) 3) He relates very well to his classmates. (他和同学们相处得很好。) related可以做形容词用,意思是“有联系的,相关的。” 1) These four people are closely related to each other. (这四个人联系紧密。) 2) He is very much interesting in painting and the related arts. (他对绘画及其有关的艺术很感兴趣。) 2. …all those people descended from a common ancestor, …所有来自同一祖先的人们。 “descended from a common ancestor”是一个省略了that的定语从句,修饰people.descended from的意思是“传下,遗传”,如: 1) His family were descended from an Indian tribe. (他的家庭是印第安部落的后裔。) 2) Darwin concluded that men were descended from apes. (达尔文断定人由猿进化而来。) descend to 的意思是“屈尊,降低;转而说到” 1) The firm had descended to using nude pictures for advertising. (那家公司堕落到用*照做广告。) 2)Mr. Lee then descended to the details we had to be careful about.(李先生转而谈到了我们必须注意的细节问题。) common是一个形容词,意思是“共有的,共同的;普通的”,请看例句: 1)No doubt, this is a grammatical mistake common to beginners in English. (毫无疑问,这是英语初学者常犯的语法错误。) 2)How could you have no idea about this common knowledge? (对这个普通常识你怎么会一无所知。) 3)They have no common interests. (他们没有共同的爱好。) 3. Some people thank of a family as a mother, a father, and their children, … think of …as …是一个很常用的词组,意思是“把…看作…”,如: 1) He often thinks of himself as a genius. (他常把自己看作为天才。) 2) The Yellow River is thought of as the cradle of the Chinese nation. (黄河被看作为中华民族的摇篮。) 与think of…as…意思相近的词组在英语中还有很多。如: regard…aslook upon…as… see…as…view…as… consider…as… 4. For others, having a family simply means having children. 本句中,having a family做主语,mean为谓语动词,having children 做宾语。mean在句中的意思是“意味着”。当mean作“意味着”解释时,在它的后面应该跟名词或者动名词,如: 1)Accepting the job would mean moving to another city. (接受这份工作将意味着我得搬到另一个城市去。) 2)A raise in the worker's salary will mean a cut in the profit. (增加工人的工资意味着利润的降低。) 当mean作“意欲,打算”解释时,在它的后面通常跟不定式,如: 1)I didn't mean to offend you. (我无意冒犯你。) 2)I meant to give you the book yesterday, but I forgot it. (我原打算昨天把书给你的,但我忘了。) 5. Some families have long histories, while others know very little about their ancestors. 请注意while的用法,在本句中while是一个表示转折意味的连词,意思是“然而”。如:Fred gambled all his money away while Jane saved every penny for her son's schooling. (弗雷德赌输了他所有的钱,而珍妮却为儿子的教育攒下每一分钱。) while在不同的语境中有不同的意思,请翻译下面的句子,注意while的词义。 1)They decided to find a less expensive place to stay while in Paris.(在巴黎期间,他们打算找个更便宜的地方住。) 2)He looked at his watch several times while talking to her. (在跟她交谈时,他看了几次表。) 3)One group of children are quiet, while the second group was very active. (一组孩子很安静,而第二组孩子非常活跃。) 4)While I have sympathy for these people, I think they are guilty. (尽管我同情这些人,但我觉得他们有罪。) 5)We will succeed while we don't lose hope. (只要我们不失去希望,我们就会成功。) 6. No matter if it is young or old, large or small traditional or modern, every family has a sense of what a family is. no matter if 连接让步状语从句,更常见的是用no matter whether.除了no matter whether以外,no matter wh-引导的让步状语从句还有:no matter what, no matter who, no matter whose, no matter which, no matter when, no matter where, no matter how等等。而用wh-ever引导让步从句也是十分常见的。请看下面的例句: 1) No matter what happens, please let me know. (无论发生什么事,请让我知道。) 2) No matter who telephones, tell him I'm out. (无论谁来电话,告诉他我出去了。) 3) No matter how hard I tried, I couldn't succeed. (无论我多努力,我总不能成功。) 4) No matter whether you believe it or not, it's truth. (无论你信不信,那总是事实。) 5) No matter where you go, I will follow you. (无论你去哪里,我都跟着你。) 6) No matter which book you like you can have it. (无论你喜欢哪本书,你都可以拿去。) 7) No matter whose money it is, we can't spend it so carelessly. (无论是谁的钱,我们都不能这样随意地花) 上述某些句子可以用wh-ever表述如下: 1) Whatever happens, please let me know. 2) Whoever telephones, tell him I'm out. 3) However hard I tried, I couldn't succeed. 4) Wherever you go, I will follow you. 5) Whichever book you like, you can have it. 7. It is that feeling of belonging, of love and security that comes from living together, helping and sharing. 本句中的it代指课文前一句中的a sense of what a family is. feeling of belonging 意思为“归属感”。 security 是一个名词,意思是“安全”。 that comes from living together, helping and sharing 是定语从句,修饰that feeling of belonging, of love and security. 8. However, with the change from an agricultural to an industrial society, many nuclear families moved away from the family home in order to find work. 本句中的however是一个表示转折意味的副词,有承接上文的作用,可以使这个句子和前面的句子连接得更紧密,有些接近连词。请看例句: 1) This, however, is not your fault. (但这不是你的错。) 2) I'd like to go with you, however, my hands are full. (我很想和你一起去,可是我忙不过来。) 句中的with是一个介词,意思是“随着”,请看例句: 1)With the change of the economic foundation, the superstructure has to be transformed too.(随着经济基础的改变,上层建筑也必须改造。) 2)With the development of science and technology, the society is changing rapidly.(随着科学技术的发展,社会在迅速地改变。) with是一个十分常用的介词,请看下面的句子,注意with的用法和词意: 1)Who will go with you? (谁和你一起去?) 2)The teacher is very strict with us. (老师对我们很严格。) 3)At the news we all jumped with joy. (听了这个消息,我们都高兴得跳了起来。With表示原因。) 4)He wanted to kill two birds with one stone. (他想一举两得。With意为“用,以”,译法可灵活。) 5)China is a country with a large population. (中国是一个有众多人口的国家。With表示“有,带有”) 6)He finished this work with great difficulty. (他好不容易才完成了这项工作。With引起短语作方式状语。) 7)He was sitting in a chair with his hands folded. (他双手交叉在胸前坐在椅子上。With引导独立结构:with+名词+过去分词,做方式状语。) 8)What's wrong with you? (你怎么了?with意为“就…来说”) 9)With your knowledge and experience, you are sure to find a good job. (以(凭)你的知识和经验,你肯定会找到一份好工作。) 10)With all his shortcomings, he was a nice person. (尽管他有缺点,他还是个不错的人。) 句子中的in order to find work做目的状语,除了用in order to 以外,还可以用so as to,也可以把in order,so as省去,只用不定式。请看例句: 1)He decided to study harder (so as ) to catch up with the others. (他决定加紧学习好赶上别人。) 2)He ran out in a hurry (in order) to catch the last bus. (为了赶上末班车,他匆匆向外跑去。) 9. Therefore we can say that the nuclear family becomes more important than the extended family as the society industrializes. 句子中的therefore是一个副词,通常用来表示后面将要表述的内容是前面已经表述的内容的结果,也可以用来引导一个结论。类似的表达还有:so,consequently,as a result 等等。请看例句: 1)It rained, therefore the football match was put off. (天下雨,所以足球比赛延期了。) 2)He is too careless, as a result he failed the exam. (他太粗心,所以考试没及格。) 3)He was ill for about a month, consequently he lagged behind his classmates.(他病了一个月,因此落在了同学后面。) as the society industrializes随着社会的工业化。as是一个连词,表示“当…时”。请看例句: 1)As time goes on, you'll like this place better. (随着时间的推移,你会更喜欢这个地方。) 2)As he talked on he got more and more excited. (他谈着的时候,越来越兴奋。) 本课中还有: 1)The nuclear family is becoming smaller as parents want fewer children. 2)As social scientists study these two new family forms, they will be able to tell us more about the future of the nuclear family in the post-industrial age. 10. social scientists now talk of two new family forms… 本句中的talk是一个不及物动词,在表达“谈论某人(某事)”时,talk后面应该用介词of或者about.请看例句: 1)What are you talking about? (你们在谈什么?) 2)They are talking of visiting Mr. Zhang. (他们正谈论去看张先生的事。) 3) What do you mean when you talk about culture? (你谈论文化时指的是什么?) Text B The Changing American Family 短语表达 1. all over We have friends all over the world. I have been looking all over for him. 2. provide for Father had to work very hard to provide food and clothes for the family. They are trying to provide some guidance for the newcomers. 3. be expected to Parents are expected to provide for their children. You are expected to be here before eight. 4. take care of The nurse took care of the old lady when her daughter was away. The cat and the dog were taken good care of. 5. on the other hand I don't think this proposal is workable. On one hand we don't have so much money, on the other hand time is too limited. 6. be considered to be He is considered to be the best candidate for the job. Father is considered to be a humorous and responsible person. 7. in addition (to) In addition, there are some magazines on the table. In addition to bread, we had some milk and eggs for breakfast. 8. make decision You have to make an immediate decision about the project. It is difficult for me to make a decision right now. 9. help with He hoped that his brother would help him with his math. At weekends I often help my mother with the housework. 10. in contrast In contrast with the low grade I got, Paul got a full mark on the biology test. Their club, in contrast, reached a membership of 2000 last year. 11. give up You will amount to nothing if you always give up easily. The doctor persuaded my father to give up smoking. 12. get ready for He got up early in the morning in order to get ready for the exam. I haven't got ready for the interview yet. 13. be busy doing Mother is busy cooking in the kitchen. The teacher is busy distributing the test papers. 14. in conclusion She will say a few words about the arrangement in conclusion. In conclusion, the old people are happy in most of the Asian countries. 15. instead of Instead of getting the bike repaired he bought a new one. Who is going to the meeting instead of you?

Unit4(第11讲—第13讲) 3. Meaningfulness affects memory at all levels. affect 是动词,意思是“影响”。常常会有一些英语学习者把动词affect和名词effect混淆,请注意下面的句子: 1) The drought would surely affect the harvest.(这场干旱肯定会影响到收成。) 2) Excessive smoking affected his health, bad coughs often made it difficult to breathe.(过度吸烟影响了他的健康,严重的咳嗽使他难以呼吸。) 3) Psychologists believe that colors have a definite effect on people.(心理学家认为颜色对人肯定有影响。) 4) We could all see the effects of the illness on him.(我们都能看出那场病在的身上的影响。) 5) 职务的变化使他的收入大受影响。(The change in position greatly affected his income.) 6) 他的话对听众没有任何影响作用。(What he said had little effect on the audience.) 4. Information that doesn't make any sense to you is difficult to remember. that引导的定语从句修饰information; 主句是Information is difficult to remember. 不定式to remember 用在做表语用的形容词后面作状语。请看下面的句子: 1) Einstein was easy to get along with.(爱因斯坦很容易相处。) 2) To many foreigners, Chinese is hard to learn.(对许多外国人来说汉语很难学。) 3) The water in this river is not fit to drink.(这条河里的水不适合饮用。) 4) This question is very difficult to answer.(这个问题很难回答。) make sense 的意思是“有意义;可理解”。请看下面的句子: 1) No matter how you read it, this sentence doesn't make any sense to me.(无论你怎么读,我都不理解这个句子。) 2) What the writer wanted to express in his book doesn't make any sense to the readers.(读者们无法理解作者在书中所要表达的意思。) 3) His explanation makes no sense to his students.(学生们不理解他的解释。) 5. Organization also makes a difference in our ability to remember. 动词不定式to remember在句中做定语,修饰名词ability.请看下面的句子: 1) You should have confidence in your ability to fulfill the task.(你们应对自己完成认务的能力有信心。) 2) He has kept the promise to come early in the morning.(他遵守了一大早来的诺言。) 3) They have the determination to overcome all the difficulties.(他们有克服所有困难的决心。) 4) We could see her anxiety to solve the problem.(我们能看出她急于解决这个问题。) make a difference 的意思是“有关系;有影响;起作用”。请看下面的句子: 1) What he said would not make any difference in my decision-making.(他说的话不会对我做决定产生任何影响。) 2) Your participation in the work will make a great difference.(你参与我们的工作,情况就不一样了。) 3) Money won't make much difference to him.(钱对他起不了多大作用。) 4) I didn't like the appearance of the house, but the location and price made all the difference.(我不喜欢那房子的外观,但它的位置和价格起了重要作用。) 6. Material that is organized is better remembered than jumbled information. 句中的better是副词well的比较级形式,意思是“更好地”。请看下面的句子: 1) This story is better written than that one.(这个故事写得比那个好。) 2) This room is better furnished than that one.(这间屋子装饰得比那间好。) 3) This team is better trained than that one.(这个队训练得比那个队好。) 4) This job is better paid than that one.(这份工作的报酬比那份高。) information是一个不可数名词,不能在其后加“-s”。请看例句: 1) There are many ways of obtaining information.(获得信息的途径很多。) 2) So far I haven't got any information about the game.(我至今还没有得到有关比赛的任何消息。) 3) I am sure this piece of information will be of great value to them.(我肯定这一消息对他们会很有价值。) 7. Chunking consists of grouping separate bits of information. 在第一单元的Text B中我们已经对consist of有所了解。这一词组的意思是“由…组成”,它与be made up of;be composed of 的意思相近,但consist of 不用被动语态。请看例句: 1) The United States consists of 50 states.(美国由50个州组成。) 2) The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.(英国由大不立颠和北爱尔兰组成。) 3) Their team is made up of 6 team members.(他们队由6名队员组成。) 4) Our class is made up of 45 students.(我们班由45名同学组成。) a bit在句中的意思是“一点,一些”,它可以用在形容词的前面, 但是不能用在名词的前面。在名词前面必须用a bit of.请看下面的例句: 1) I am a bit tired today.(我今天有点累。) 2) He said he was bit hungry.(他说他有点饿。) 3) Your article is a bit long for our paper. (你的文章对我们的报纸来说有点长了。) 4) He gave the bird a bit of water. (他给了鸟儿一点水。) 5) I would appreciate it if you could give me a bit of good advice.(如果你能给我一点宝贵建议我会很感激的。) 6) I only know a bit of Spanish. (我只懂一点点西班牙语。) 8. Categorizing is another means of organization. 句中的means是一个名词,意思是“方式;手段”,它不是动词mean的第三人称单数。请看下面的例句: 1) The quickest means of travel is by plane. (最快的旅行方式是乘飞机。) 2) Bicycle is the most convenient means of transport. (自行车是最方便的交通工具。) 3) Email is a modern means of communication. (电子邮件是一种现代通讯方式。) 4) He means what he says. (他说话算数。) 5) Forgetting the past means betrayal. (忘记过去就意味着背叛。) 9. Many people will group them into similar categories and remember them as follows: group into在句中的意思是“把…分组;把…归类”。请看例句: 1) We can group the animals into several types. (我们可以把这些动物归成几类。) 2) Group the words into similar categories and they will be more easily to remember.(把类型相似的单词归类,记起来就更容易了。) as follows 的意思是“如下”,请看例句: 1) The full text reads as follows: (全文如下:) 2) The results are as follows: (结果如下:) 10. Association refers to taking the material we want to remember and relating it tosomething we remember accurately. refer to这一词组的意思很多,我们在单词部分已做过讲解。该词组在本句中的意思是“涉及;指”。请看下面的句子: 1) In the second chapter I will refer to this point again.(在第二章中,我还会提到这一点的。) 2) The numbers in my article refer to the footnotes.(我文章中的数目字指的是注脚。) 3) The author referred to his grandfather several times in his story.(作者在他的故事中几次提到他的祖父。) we want to remember 和we remember accurately都是省略了that的定语从句,前者修饰material,后者修饰something.请看例句: 1) The book you gave me is very interesting.(你给我的那本书很有趣。) 2) The news he told me disturbed all of us greatly.(他告诉我的那个消息使我们大家深感不安。) 3) The information you gathered is of great help to me.(你收集的那些信息对我很有帮助。) 句子中的it指的是the material.relate…to 在句子中的意思是“与…有关系”,请看例句: 1) His talk mainly related to environmental protection.(他的讲话主要是关于环境保护的。) 2) This regulation relates only to children under 12.(这一规则仅适用于12岁以下儿童。) 11. Research has shown striking improvements in many types of memory tasks when people are asked to visualize the items to be remembered. striking在句子中做形容词用,意思是“显著的,引人注目的”,请看例句: 1) They made a striking commercial success within 5 years.(在5年的时间里,他们在商业上取得了惊人的成功。) 2) Helen's facial features bore a striking resemblance to her mother's.(海伦的面部特征与她的母亲十分相像。) 3) I am not sure whether he can make it this time. I just feel he has a striking lack of confidence.(我不能确定他这次能否成功,其只是觉得他明显信心不足。) to be remembered不定式的被动形式做定语,修饰the items.请看例句: 1) There are a lot of things to be done.(有很多事要做。) 2) Are you going to the press conference to be held this weekend?(你准备参加本周末举行的记者招待会吗?) 3) This was the first project to be designed John's brother. (这是约翰的哥哥设计的第一个工程。) 12. In one study, subjects in one group were asked to learn some words using imagery, while the second group used repetition to learn the words. subject在本句中做名词用,意思是“受试者,实验对象”。Subject这个词的词义很多,请看例句,注意subject的词义: 1) The subject of today's discussion is “Population and Education”。(今天讨论的题目是“人口与教育”。) 2) The teacher explained in details the subject of the story to the whole class.(老师把故事的主题详细讲给全班同学听。) 3) How many subjects are you taking this semester?(这学期你选几门课?) 4) He became the subject for ridicule.(他成了人们取笑的对象。) 5) Rabbits and mice are often subjects for medical experiments.(兔和鼠常被用作医学实验的对象。) 6) He is a Chinese subject.(他是中国国民。) 7) This sentence doesn't have a subject.(这个句子没有主语。) subject还常常做动词或形容词用,请看例句: 1) The country was once subjected to foreign rule.(这个国家曾一度受外国统治。) 2) Taipei was subjected to serious earthquakes last year.(台北去年遭受了严重的地震灾害。) 3) We are all subject to the laws of nature.(我们都要受自然规律的支配。) 4) The child is very subject to coughs.(这孩子动不动就咳嗽。) 5) All men are subject to death.(人总有一死。) while 在句子中做连词用,意思是“而,然而”。while也是一个多义词,请注意下面例句中while 的意思: 1) Strike while the iron is hot.(趁热打铁。) 2) He listened to the radio while he was doing his homework.(他一边听收音机,一边做作业。) 3) He is talkative while his twin brother is of few words.(他很健谈,而他的孪生兄弟则少言寡语。) 4) While the old man is respected, he is not well liked.(这个老人很受尊敬,但不太受喜欢。) 5) You will succeed sooner or later while you don't lose heart.(只要你不失去信心,你迟早会成功。) using imagery分词做状语,表示方式,请看例句: 1) They stood there waiting for the bus. 2) She had to work standing up. 13. Thus forming an integrated image with all the information placed in a single mental picture can help us to preserve a memory. 划线部分是该句的主要成分,forming an integrated image动名词短语做主语,can help做谓语,us to preserve a memory做复合宾语。 斜体部分是一个“with + 名词 + 过去分词”的独立结构,做方式状语,修饰动名词短语forming an integrated image. 不定式与名词或代词构成复合结构,做动词宾语的现象在英语中很常见,在前几讲中我们也遇到过。再请看几个例句: 1) Would you like Tom to go with you?(你愿意汤姆和你一起去吗?) 2) He wants you to see him in the afternoon.(他想让你下午去见他。) 3) Father encouraged him to study harder.(父亲鼓励他更加努力学习。) 4) I will get someone to help you.(我去找个人来帮你。) “with + 名词 + 过去分词”的独立结构在英语中也很常见,请看例句: 1) With the problem solved, the plan is going on smoothly.(随着这个问题的解决,计划正顺利进行。) 2) Standing there is a torture to her, with so many eyes fixed on her.(这么多人注视着她,于她而言,站在那儿是一种折磨。) 本课主要词组及句型 词组: 1. focus on 2. a number of 3. at all levels 4. make sense 5. make a difference 6. in random order 7. consist of 8. group into 9. as follows 10. needless to say 11. refer to 12. relate…to 13. associate with 14. compare with 句型: A.定语从句 1) Psychological research has focused on a number of basic principles that helps memory. 2) Information that does not make any sense to you is difficult to remember 3) There are several ways in which we can make material more meaningful. 4) Material that is organized is better remembered than jumbled information. 5) Association refers to taking the material we want to remember and relating it to something we remember accurately. B. 动名词做主语 1) Chunking consists of grouping separate bits of information. 2) Categorizing is another means of organization. 3) Forming an integrated image with all the information placed in a single mental picture can help us to preserve a memory. Text B Short-term Memory 短语表达 1. at a later time Go ahead with your work, I will give you a call at a later time. I am not sure if I can remember all this at a later time. 2. in contrast (with / to) Helen is very talkative. In contrast, her elder sister is silent. His rudeness was in striking contrast with Jack's thoughtfulness. 3. look up I don't remember Tom's telephone number, will you please look it up in the telephone book for me? Look up the dictionary for the meaning of this new word. 4. be unable to I am really sorry that I was unable to give you a call beforehand. He was unable to provide us with more information. 5. be released from He was released from prison after he had been kept there for 5 years. He was released from a hospital last week after treatment for a disease. 6. be rewarded with The winner was rewarded with gift of fruit and flowers. If the rat could find the right door, it would be rewarded with food.

河南自学考试英语笔记翻译

你好:为你提供精确解答 笔记翻译为notes,采用复数形式. 翻译为:notes for the english class . 这是经常可以看到的翻译. 还可以用 English lecture/class notes. 这两个的话用English lecture notes比较好. 谢谢,不懂可追问

taxt a :批评性阅读 阅读纪实文学适合用批评性的阅读方法,因为在非文学类作品里,作者常常会提出某种观点或是寻求作者的态度。批评性的阅读方法系一种主动性很强的阅读方法。它涉及到的不仅仅是理解作者所说的话。批评性的阅读方法还涉及到质疑和评估作者所说的话,涉及到对于作者所说的话要形成你自己的观点。如果你想要成为一名有批评性思维的读者,在这里我列出一些你应该做到的。 仔细思考作者的写作背景。你可能正在读一篇与你的文化背景截然不同的作者缩写的文章。或者,你可能正在读一篇谢雨不同于你所处的时代的文章。不论哪种情况,你必须能搞清楚通史好好考虑你的价值观和态度与作者的不同之处。 合理质疑捉着所卓楚的论断。对于作者写出来的不要全盘接受。你在接受作者的观点之前,要确保作者提供了足够多的论据来支持其论点。你要仔细查看支持论断的事实`举例和统计数据。通史,你要查看作者是否参考了权威专家的著作。 把作者所写的内容和该题材其他著作做对比。看看作者所写的内容与改题材领域其他人所写的是否一致。如果有不一致之处,要仔细评估该处作者提供的论据。 认真分析作者所做的假设。假设指的是作者为了提出其论断所必须相信是正确的那些观点。在许多情况下,作者的假设都不是直接陈述出来的。这就意味着你必须通过仔细地阅读来找到作者的所做的那些假定。一旦你找到一个假设,你必须判断一下这个假设是否是合理的。 评估作者的引用来源。评估时,要确定这些来源是合适的。举例来说,如果作者写的是关于物理学上里程碑式的成就,那么爱因斯坦就是一个可靠的引用。第二,要确定这些引用是相关的。如果文章主题是诗歌,那么爱因斯坦这个例子就是不相关的。最后,如果作者所写的这个主题是当今局势,那就一定要确保引用来源也是当前的。例如,如果作者讨论的是物理学当今的学科知识情况,那么20世纪早期爱因斯坦的研究可能就不太合适了。 识别作者可能带有的偏见。有关美国政治的书面论述可能因作者是共和党人换货是民主党人迥然而异。写出来的文章可能会很好的反映出作者的偏见态度和立场。你需要在阅读作者的文章的过程中考虑到其可能带有的偏见。这也就是说,要有持保留态度看待作者所写的文章。 通过做一个有批判性的读者,你会成为一个更加有见识和学问的人,并可能适当的改变你自己的观念。 【注】我还有其他的文章的翻译,要吗?也是英语二的,2012年版的

今天教务老师给大家收集整理了自考英语二教材笔记,自考英语二官方教材的相关问题解答,还有免费的自考历年真题及自考复习重点资料下载哦,以下是全国我们为自考生们整理的一些回答,希望对你考试有帮助!自考英语二到底考些什么?英语二题型分布为:综合填空(完型填空)20道,每题0.5分,共10分;阅读理解5篇文章,25题,每题2分共50分;英语翻译:英语翻译成中文15分。英文写作两篇:大作文和小作文总共25分。英语二考试难度是在英语四、六级之间。如何学好自考英语二 下面6个步骤帮你解决1、教材准备。首先大家如果有需要,可以买一本英语二的教材,也可以借别人的过来参考一些。2、考试大纲。考试大纲是很重要的,复习的策略是把考试大纲规定的单词背好,涉及到英语二的基础语法一定要弄懂。根据大纲来复习,要求识记和掌握的重点背下来,就可以有好的成绩。3、单词记忆。单词背诵主要以考试大纲为蓝本。而且单词背诵要贯穿始终,每天都要坚持背点,多重复日积月累才会收到良好效果。4、历年真题。真题也是很重要的一方面,做题要选择英语(二)历年真题。因为真题的含金量最大,考生可以通过历年真题了解到考试重点和题型分布。对于以前做过的题目,不妨回头再做,有的题隔一段时间再做,可以加强复习效果。在做完历年真题后把答案在教材书上找出来。因为自考试题是从题库中出来的,往往会反复考到,只要把这些题目都背下来,一般及格没有问题。5、另外在做真题的同时,还要选择一些适合的模拟题来做。模拟题一定要找适合自考水平的题,如果选择太难或太易的题,对于英语(二)考试没有太大的作用。通过做题要掌握解题技巧,摸清出题思路,达到熟能生巧。6、在复习的同时还需要积累一些课外知识,这对提高阅读理解解题能力有较大帮助。例如,考生如果有时间就要多看看与自考难易程度相当的文章。不过也不能选择难度太大的,可以看些《大学英语》、《英语沙龙》等有英汉对照的刊物来看。请问这个是非英语专业本科自考的指定教材吗?没错,同路人。谁那里有自考劳动法的复习笔记?我还想问一下,用旧的笔记没什么大事?教材变版本后,其实内容差不多,以前的额资料还是能用的自考/成考有疑问、不知道自考/成考考点内容、不清楚当地自考/成考政策,点击底部咨询官网老师,免费领取复习资料:

河南自学考试英语笔记电子版

Unit12(第35讲—第37讲) 2. Few people ask by what authority the writers of dictionaries and grammars say what they say. 句子中的few表示否定,意思是“很少的,几乎没有的”,如果用a few则表示肯定,意思是“有些,几个”。如: 1) Very few people survived the explosion.(在爆炸中幸存的人很少。) 2) Many of us tried but very few succeeded .(我们许多人都试了,但成功者甚少。) 3) He will try it a few more times.(他会再试几次。) 4) A few of my friends speak English.(我的朋友中有几个人能讲英语。) by在本句中的意思相当于according to (根据)。如: 1) Never judge a person by his appearance.(千万别以貌取人。) 2) He would be classified as rich by Chinese standards.(依照中国的标准,他会被归于富有一类。) authority这个词在词汇部分已做过讲解,我们在此再巩固一下。Authorities常指“*,官方”,用作不可数名词时,常指“权力,管辖权”,用作可数名词时,常指“专家,权威”。如: 1)The labor union continued to seek dialogue with the authorities.(工会继续寻求与*对话的机会。) 2)Police have the authority to arrest law-breakers.(警察有权逮捕犯法的人。) 3)He had made efforts to exercise his authority over those young people(他已努力对那些年轻人行使管辖权。) 4)A good dictionary is an authority on the meanings of words.(一本好的词典是词义方面的权威。) 5)He is now an authority on American literature.(现在他成了美国文学方面的专家。) 本句中what是一个关系代词,引导宾语从句,如: 1)We always mean what we say.(我们向来说话算数。) 2)Let him do what he wants to do.(让他去做他想做的事。) 3)I don't know what they know.(他们知道的事我并不知道。) 3.I once got into a dispute with an English woman over the pronunciation of a word and offered to look it up in the dictionary. once在本句中的意思是“一次,曾经”。在某些语言环境中,once也可以表示:一旦……(就……)。请看下面的例句,注意,once的不同意思: 1)He once lived in Shanghai.(他曾经在上海住过。) 2)Even if you only do it once, you will forever remember it.(即使你只做一次,你会永远记得。) 3)It once belonged to my father.(这个曾经属于我父亲。) 4)Once the sun had set, the air turned cold.(太阳一落,空气就变冷了。) 5)Once you show any fear, he will attack you.(你一直露出恐惧,他就会攻击你。) 6)Once published, the book will be very popular.(这本书一旦出版就会大受欢迎。) get into a dispute with sb. over sth.与某人就某问题进行争论,over 也可用about 替换。如: 1) They had a dispute about where to go.(他们为了去哪里而争论。) 2) The workers and the management got into a dispute over pay.(工人和厂方由于工资问题产生争端。) 3) It was a dispute over economic policy.(这是一场关于经济政策的争论。) 4. …anyone who is willing to quarrel with the dictionary is regarded as either eccentric or mad. who引导的是一个定语从句,修饰anyone. be willing to意思是:愿意做……,如: 1)He is willing to help us.(他愿意帮助我们。) 2)No one is willing to pay so much money for this old bike.(谁也不愿意付这么多钱买这辆旧自行车。) quarrel with sb.意思是“与某人争吵”。如: 1) He quarreled with his brother yesterday.(他昨天跟他兄弟吵架了。) 2) I don't want to quarrel with you about it.(我不想为此事跟你争吵。) regard as 意思是“把……看作为”,在其后可以跟名词(或名词短语,动名词短语);形容词等。如: 1) He regarded the book as one of his masterpieces.(他把这本书看作是他的杰作之一。) 2) He was regarded as an important figure in history.(他被看作为历的重要人物。) 3) Nobody would regard this as important.(没人会认为这件事很重要。) 4) Many people regard parents as being responsible for the control of their children.(许多人认为父母应负责管教子女。) either…or…。意思是为“不是……就是……”,“要么……要么……”。如: 1)He is either drunk or mad.(他不是醉了就是疯了。) 2)Tell them that they can either stay or leave immediately.(告诉他们,他们要么留下,要么现在就离开。) 3)Either my brother or I am going to see my father off.(不是我兄弟就是我去为父亲送行。) 5. The task of writing a dictionary begins with the reading of vast amounts of the literature of the period or subject that the dictionary is to cover. begin with 在本句中的意思是“以……开始;以……为起点”。如: 1)I shall begin with this book today.(我打算今天先读这本书。) 2)The drought began with that dry and hot summer.(干旱是从那个干热的夏季开始的。) 3)The teacher began the class with a story.(老师以一个故事开始了讲课。) amount可以做可数名词用,也可以做不可数名词用,意思是“数量,数额”。amount的谓词动词的数与amount的数一致,而与所修饰的名词的数无关。如: 1) A large amount of money was spent on this project. 2) Large amounts of money were spent on this project. That引导的是一个定语从句,修饰the dictionary 在be动词的后面加动词不定式,表示“安排、命令、职责、目的、用途、可能性等”。如: 1)We are to meet at the station at 5:00 (我们约定5点钟在车站碰头。) 2)You are to be back by 9:00.(你得在9点钟前回来。) 3)The report is to be found in today's papers.(那个报道可在今天的报上找到。) Cover在本句中的意思是“涉及”。如: 1) His researches covered a wide field .(他的研究涉及范围很广。) 2) They covered many topics in their conversation.(他们谈话时讨论了许多问题。) 6. The writing of a dictionary is not a task of setting up authoritative statements about the “true meanings” of words, but a task of recording to the best of one's ability, that various words have meant to authors in the distant or immediate past. Not…but在本句中的意思是“不是……而是”。如: 1)What he needs is not money but some understanding. (他所需要的不是钱,而是一些理解。) 2)The story I have read is not a comedy but a tragedy.(我读的那个故事不是个喜剧而是个悲剧。) To the best of one's ability 意思是“尽某人的努力”。如: 1) I'll put the article into Chinese to the best of my ability.(我将尽努力把这篇文章翻成中文。) 2) He promised to do the work to the best of his ability.(他许诺说他会尽努力做这个工作。) a task of recording what various words have meant to authors…。,what引导宾语从句,做recording 的宾语。Mean意思是“表示……的意思”,“意指”等。如: 1) What he said means nothing to me.(他所说的对我来说毫无意义。) 2) What does this word mean?(这个词的意思是什么?) 我们曾经对mean这个单词做详细讲解,再请看几个例句: 1)What do you mean by saying that to him?(你对他说那话的意思是什么?) 2)I didn't mean to make you unhappy.(我不是故事要使你不开心的。) 3)You know what I meant to say.(你知道我想说的是什么。) 4)He criticism is meant for all of us.(他的批评是针对我们大家的。) 7. … but we cannot be bound by it…。 Bound是动词bind是过去分词,be bound by sth.意思是“受……束缚”,也可用be bound to sth. 1) We should not be bound by conventions.(我们不应该受习俗的束缚。) 2) Housework kept her bound to the house.(家务把她束缚在家里。) 3) The term papers kept him bound to his desk.(学期论文使他终日厌案。) 本课主要词组 1. learn…。from 2. in matters of 3. get into a dispute 4. dispute over 5. offer to do sth. 6. look up 7. be willing to 8. quarrel with 9. be regarded as 10. arrive at 11. apply to 12. go on 13. begin with 14. vast amounts of 15. a large number of 16. along with 17. such as 18. from…to… 19. stack of 20. sccording to 21. hard-and-fast rule 22. be based on 23. in front of 24. be influenced by 25. ought to 26. not at all 27. set up 28. to the best of one's ability 29. in the past 30. send out 31. force sb. to do sth. 32. be bound by Text B reading provides necessary survival skills 短语表达 1. emphasis on The emphasis on education would certainly bring great changes to the people and the country. 2. be the case He said he was the best tennis player in his school, but it was not the case. 3. involve sth. / doing sth. Accepting the job would involve working at weekends. 4. get an idea about sth. Have you got any idea about the whole incident? 5. expect from Don't expect too much from others. You have to learn to depend on yourself. 6. cue in Remember to cue in the headmaster on what happened during his absence. 7. apply to It will be great if we can apply what we have learned in books to practical work. 8. out of The boy opened his sister's mail out of curiosity. 9. keep up with What do you think a scientist has to do to keep up with the latest development in his field? 10. at top speed If you run at top speed, you may get there in 10 minutes. 11. concentrate on You will find it easier to concentrate on the reading material if you read in a quiet place. 12. be familiar with I am mot familiar with the person you mentioned just now. 13. be aware of He was not aware of the danger when he was walking toward the building. 14. look up If you look up the word in the dictionary you will find it has two different pronunciations. 15. slow down You have to slow down or you may get a fine. 16. be alert to Be alert to new words and you will enlarge your vocabulary. 17. add to His explanation added to my confusion.

Unit22(第65讲—第67讲) 19. positive adj. 确定的;积极地,肯定地 positively adv. 确定地,明确地;积极地,肯定地 1) He was frightened by the results of his blood test, for all tested items show positive reactions.(验血结果把他吓坏了,每一个项目都显示阳性反应。) 2) I'm positive about it.(对这点我有绝对把握。) 3) They longed for a positive answer.(他们渴望得到肯定的答复。) 4) You should adopt a more positive attitude toward life.(对生活你应该采取更积极的态度。) 5) He never answered my questions positively.(他从不肯定地回答我的问题。) 20. aspect n. 方向;外表 1) They considered the plan in all its aspects.(他们全面地考虑了这一计划。) 2) His face had a frightening aspect.(他的脸色很吓人。) 21. emerge v. 出现 1) The sun emerged from behind a cloud.(太阳从云朵后面出来了。) 2) Different ideas have emerged.(不同意见出现了。) 3) A modern industrial city is now emerging.(一个现代化的工业城市正在兴起。) 本课简介 人人都知道健康的重要,但人们对于参加健身活动的态度如何呢?本文作者通过许多具体的事例告诉我们,人们对于参加健身活动有许多认识上的误区,因而有必要重新审视自己在这一问题上的态度和做法。 人们对于健康活动有哪些看法呢?一些学生认为,留出时间来健身是浪费时间,健身活动并不比学打桥牌对他更有用,学业和前程才是最重要的。还有人认为健身固然重要,但实在没有时间健身。也有人说自己已经够健康了,保持现状应该没有问题。另外有些人则抱怨没有运动设施,也无法从他人那儿得到什么帮助,或者觉得运动后的浑身汗味令他们不舒服。 以上种种皆是不愿意进行健身活动的人们的看法,那么对于那些原意进行健身活动的人们来说,他们的认识和做法也并非没有问题。有人说,我跑步是因为宿舍里的每一个人都在晚上跑步。也有人说,我运动时每消耗3500卡热量就能减掉一磅体重,圣诞节前我只有十磅要减了。还有人说,这个周末天气凉爽,星期六看来是个好日子。另外,健身只是为了长寿也是常见的看法。 你的认识是否类似于上述某种观点?请记住健康虽不一定保证长寿,但能有助于你快乐地生活每一天。 本课主要语言点 1. Recently we were told by a student that setting aside time for improving his physical fitness would be a total misuse of his working hours. that引导的是一个宾语从句,在这个从句中,动名词短语setting aside time…做主语,此类结构在英语中很常见。如: 1) He told me that getting up early in the morning was hard for him.(他告诉我早起对他来说很困难。) 2) The teacher said that cheating on exams was on the increase in many schools.(那位老师说在许多学校考试作弊现象在增长。) 3) My brother told me that setting up his own company would not be totally impossible.(我兄弟对我说建立他自己的公司并不是一件完全不可能的事。) set aside 意思是to reserve or keep sth. for a special use or purpose (留出、拨出);set aside也可表示overturn(驳回、取消),disregard(不顾)。如: 1) He decided to set aside 50 yuan every month so that he could buy a used bike.(他打算每个月留出50块钱以便能买辆二手自行车。) 2) His parents asked him to set aside 30 minutes every morning reading English.(他父母要求他每天早晨留出30分钟读英语。) 3) The government set aside thirteen per cent of the money for health and education.(政府拨出这笔钱地百分之十三用于健康和教育。) 4) The original verdict was eventually set aside by the Supreme Court.(原先地裁决最终被法庭驳回。) 5) We must set aside all formality and another try.(我们必须不拘形式再试一次。) a / the misuse of sth.意思是 use sth. in an incorrect or improper manner(误用、滥用)。如: The misuse of company assets brought about heavy losses.(滥用公司财产造成了严重损失。) 在词汇部分我们讲到mis-是一个前缀,常指things being done badly or wrongly. 如:understand-misunderstand , print-misprint等等。 2. He assured us that he would be no better served by a fitness program than by learning to play bridge. 本句中地no是一个副词,用在副词比较级地前面,表示“并不、毫不”。no也可以在形容词比较级地前面。如:no more than, no less than, no longer than,no farther than 等等。 1) I could no more play piano than you.(我和你一样不会弹钢琴。) 2) This place is no better than slum.(这地方与贫民窟差不多。) better是副词well的比较级形式,served是个过去分词,可用作形容词,如: better organized, better prepared, better managed等等。 assure是个及物动词,意思是“使确信、使放心”,主要用法是: 1) assure sb. of sth. He assured me of the feasibility of the plan.(他使我确信这个计划是可行的。) 2) assure sb. that…… I assured my mother that I would handle the problem.(我向母亲保证我能处理这个问题。) 请注意区别assure,ensure,insure和secure这四个动词。 assure指以十分肯定的语气向别人保证某事一定发生,多用assure sb. of / that在结构中;ensure意为确保某种行动或动因的结果一定会发生,后面可以跟sth.或that从句,但不能带双宾语;insure意思是“给…保险”;secure的意思是make safe(使安全)。 1) He assured me that Dr. Baker would come.(他向我保证贝克博士会来。) 2) To ensure the child's quick recovery, the doctor gave him three different medicines.(为了保证孩子尽快康复,医生给了他三种不同的药物。) 3) The house is insured against fire.(这房子保了火灾险。) 4) They tried their best to secure the bridge from further attack.(他们尽力保护桥梁免受进一步的攻击。) 3. College and his preparation for a career were his only priorities.请注意区prepare 和prepare for的区别。 prepare sb. or sth. 指make them ready for an event or action that will happen in the future,如: We have to prepare our lessons carefully.(我们得仔细备课。) prepare for an event or action指get oneself ready for it; make plans for it so that it and prepared when it happens, 如: The children washed out hands and prepared for the meal.(孩子们洗好手准备吃饭。) 名词preparation通常用在短语make preparations for和in preparation for当中,如: 1) They were making preparations for the old man's funeral.(他们在为老人的葬礼做准备。) 2) We will have to collect new material in preparation for the experiment.(我们得收集新资料为实验作准备。) priority指 give priority to和 take / has priority当中。如: 1)This project has priority over all others.(这个项目比所有其他项目都更受重视。) 2)Education is given first priority in their family.(教育在他们家是予以先考虑的问题。) 4. This student has seen being physically fit as an end rather than the means we know it to be. see sth. as意思是“把…看作为”,我们以前学过不少类似的短语,如:regard…as,look upon…as,think of…as,view…as等等。 being physically fit意思是“身体健康”。 an end rather than the means意思是“是一种目的而不是达到目的的方法”。 rather than意思是“而不是”。 1)He was seen as the most capable person in the company.(人们认为他是公司最能干的人。) 2)We saw her silence as consent.(我们把她的沉默看作为同意。) 3)To be physically fit is our greatest wish for grandfather.(身体健康是我们对爷爷的希望。) 4)You need to do more exercise if you want to be physically fit.(如果你想身体健康,就需要进行更多的锻炼。) 5)He came all the way to China for promoting friendship rather than for making money.(他千里迢迢来到中国不是为了赚钱,而是为了增进友谊。) 5. His opinion is one of the many feelings, pro or con, that people hold about their personal involvement in a physical fitness program. pro和con在本句中作形容词用,pro的意思是for(赞成),con的意思是against(反对)。pro or con在句子中作后置定语,修饰名词feeling.后置定语在英语中也很常见。如: 1) Countries, big or small, should be equal.(国家无论大小都是平等的。) 2) He studied in a room, clean and tidy.(他在干净整齐的房间里学习。) (在上述例句中,两个成对的或反对的形容词,用and或or连接,共同修饰一个名词。这是形容词作后置定语的一种用法。) 1)The active involvement of thousands of people in the election campaign surprised him.(成千上万的人积极参与竞选活动令他惊奇。) 2) He avoids involvement in politics.(他避免卷入政治。) 6. Certainly some of there individuals may have physical limitations that make activity extremely difficult, and others are engaged in time-consuming activities that until finished do not permit opportunities for recreation. that make activity extremely difficult是一个定语从句,修饰physical limitations. Be engaged in sth. 意思是be involved in sth.(使从事,使忙于),如: 1)They were engaged in the study of soil conservation.(他们在从事土壤保持的研究。) 2) It is inappropriate for him to engage in this activity.(他从事这一活动是不合适的。) 7.…I'll have no difficulty staying that way. have (no) difficulty doing sth.(做某事有/无困难),也可以用have (no) trouble doing sth.。如: 1)He has no difficulty understanding the Chinese film.(看懂那部中国电影他没有困难。) 2)I had a lot of trouble getting back to sleep after I answered the phone call.(接过电话后,我无法再入睡。) 8.…you may have made a commitment to a physical fitness program that might be rather narrow in scope. make (a) commitment to 意思是make a firm promise(作出),或者involvement(投入)。 Narrow in scope意思是范围很窄,很狭隘。我们接触过在形容词后面加介词in再加名词的机构,如similar in appearance(外表相像)。 9.What could I achieve if I were really in top physical condition? 本句中用了虚拟语气,从句中用过去时(be动词用were),主句中用could或should / would / might加动词原形,表示的是与现在事实相反的假设,如: 1)If he were on time, we wouldn't have to wait for him.(如果他能准时,我们就不用等他了。) 2) If they had time now, they would come to see us.(如果他们现在有时间,他们就来看我们了。) in top physical condition 意思是“身体很健康”。如: The old man is in top (very good, excellent…) physical condition though he is already 76.(老人虽已七十六岁,但身体非常健康。) 10. In the final analysis, we think that although fitness will not guarantee that you will live longer, it can help you enjoy the years you do live. in the final analysis意思是ultimately(归根结底),如: They realized in the final / last analysis that their job was to tell public the facts.(他们认识到他们的工作归根结底是把事实公诸于众。) guarantee的意思是保证,担保,后面可跟名词;to do或that从句。如: 1) Wealth doesn't guarantee happiness.(财富不能保证快乐。) 2)They guaranteed to finish the work in two hours.(他们保证在两个小时内完成这项工作。) 3)I guarantee that they will win the game.(我保证他们会赢这场比赛)。 do在句中起强调作用。 本课主要短语(phrases and expressions) 1.set aside 2.a misuse of 3.no better than 4.prepare for / make preparations for 5.be physically fit 6.be seen as 7.rather than 8.pro or con 9.involvement in / be/become/get involved in 10. in pursuit of 11. be engaged in 12. have (no)difficulty doing sth. 13. get support from 14. make commitment to 15. narrow in scope 16. approach to 17. in top physical condition 18. be capable of 19. keep in mind 20. in the final analysis Text B people and colors 短语表达 1. in general In general, girls do better on test about vocabulary than boys. In general, there are two different ideas about where to go. 2. remind sb. of sth. The way he walks reminds me of his father. The picture reminds me of the days I spent in the countryside. 3. associate with People usually associate the underground with something evil. They like to associate with people from all walks of life. 4. react to I cannot imagine how the audience will react to his speech. Young children react to the color of an object before they react to its shape.

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