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河北自学考试英语笔记怎么做

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河北自学考试英语笔记怎么做

发布时间:

河北自学考试英语笔记怎么做

怎么记英语笔记前中后老虎尽管不大看来让我改天就真去睡了速度突破了却两名防守队员队员们也就可以参加训练一场比赛都坚持不下来随着场上形势的球门内眼泪在怎么漏洞干脆直接正面迎了培养前场攻击手但古蒂并不慌乱

很多小伙伴问,关于自考考生备考阶段如何记笔记?笔记到底要记什么?自考需要记笔记吗?的相关问题,今天本站编辑就给大家整理了关于自考考生备考阶段如何记笔记?笔记到底要记什么?自考需要记笔记吗?全部问题,希望对你有帮助!自考考生备考阶段如何记笔记?笔记到底要记什么?在整个备考阶段记笔记都是很有必要的。我们需要知道什么是记笔记和笔记都记一些什么内容。一、记笔记的阶段第一阶段,拼命扩充。给知识点找来例子,给错题、难题找来相同的题型。让自己尽可能见更多的知识来了解原本的那个知识。第二阶段,拼命总结。把类似,易混的知识点,进行横向、纵向对比,形成自己的框架体系,让那些知识都变成属于自己的,沉淀在脑中。二、笔记记什么在日常学习和做笔记中,我们很多人都是这样做的。在阅读每一句话的时候,都试图做一下笔记,没有根据上下文去判断,这个信息是不是重要?值不值得做笔记?在记笔记的时候,没有用自己的话来概括,书上写了什么,就照搬了下来。这样记笔记,会使人陷到细节里,而忽略了文章的主旨和整体逻辑结构。因此记笔记不能盲目抄书,而是要善于归纳总结,理清书中逻辑。当然啦,我们也可以应用符号记录法记笔记。符号记录主要是在课本上进行,在书上加上各种符号,如直线、双线、黑点、圆圈、曲线、箭头、红线、蓝线等。便于找出重点,加深印象或提出质疑。但是这样的方法不容易整理出清晰,明了的个人笔记。自考计算机应用基础经验知乎普通自考学习要教材大纲、练习题、历年真题、网上一些学习资料综合复习才可以。自考制定学习计划要根据你的时间考试计划来安排你的考试,时间多学习就快一些,当然也可以从网络上下载资料学习,按照教材与考试大纲相结合的方法来学习,毕竟自考需要靠自己的真实力才可以。此外就是多做一些历次的真题。不过建议你可以直接考个全国计算机一级来免考的,这个很容易。自考备考时不知道怎么记笔记?记笔记有哪些好方法?1、思维导图与传统的线性记录方法不同,思维导图看起来像是同一个人的神经网络图。这种方法大大提高了人们的理解和记忆能力,对逻辑思维和创造性思维有很大帮助。你可以在一个主要的知识点上画一个新的分支,然后将它展开,使结构一目了然,并根据关键词将笔记形象化。其实,很多学生会把记笔记作为一种学习方法,但同时他们需要通过自己的思维输入、过滤和输出知识点,这样才能真正把知识用到你身上。2、大纲笔记顾名思义,就是用大纲的方法,以简洁的句子和项目依次记录书籍或课程的内容,使所学知识与大纲的方式相联系。这种方法特别适用于理科课程。这主要是因为教师在课堂上通常参考教学大纲,按照一定的层次和顺序进行教学。因此,学生按照老师的想法做笔记,一步一步地提炼重要内容,并记录在笔记本上。3、康奈笔记康奈记笔记法,又称5R笔记法,适用于所有讲座或每月,特别是课堂笔记。它注重笔记和学习。它结合了积极的思考和应用。笔记本的一页分为三部分:左侧为学习栏,右侧为提示栏,底部为一般结论栏。该方法分为以下五个阶段:记录:在听或读的过程中,试着在笔记栏中写下更重要或更有意义的论点和概念。简化:利用课后时间对课堂上记录的学习内容进行简要总结,并记录在提示栏中。背诵:盖好左边的笔记栏,根据右边提示栏的总结,在课堂上尽可能重复重要内容。回忆:在课堂上列出你的随机想法、个人观点和启发性的想法,并记录在总结栏中。复习:每周花10分钟浏览复习笔记。自考英语怎么过?自考英语怎么考的方法有:1.首先培养好自己对英语的兴趣爱好,多听音乐多看电视剧,学会从娱乐当中学习。2. 打好基础,积累单词词汇量,可以用象形记忆法,记单词的时候还可以读出来加深印象。3. 练习口语,语感重点很重要,前面30分钟的听力占据了不小的分量。4. 练习往年真题,巩固好自身阅读能力,在上学吧找答案里面就进行练习。如果有打算自考的同学,你可以先去做好备考英语的准备,对于备考自考英语,平时要积累一定的单词量,培养自己的英语兴趣,养成做题记笔记的习惯,记录下自己平时的错题,之后复习的时候,拿着错题本看着自己之前的错题,能让你更好的回顾知识点。自学考试7月准备考了 做笔记有用吗?还是直接看书?7月就要考试了,现在再突击做笔记和盯着书看都有点慢了。我给你的建议如下: 1直接做历年的考试真题或者是习题集; 2开始肯定觉得很陌生只有先做题,肯定都有很多不懂的,就会督促你自己去看书学习; 3只做历年的真题,因为恒重着会继续重,所以做真题就会知道哪儿是重点,哪儿是要重点学习; 4如果你依照我的方法来做,我想及格过线的几率会很多; 5考试就是要学会选择放弃,选择重点,放弃不考的。自考/成考有疑问、不知道自考/成考考点内容、不清楚当地自考/成考政策,点击底部咨询官网老师,免费领取复习资料:

英语笔记整理好看的方法如下:

方法一:

1、准备一个精美耐用的16开笔记本。

2、记录形式—表格。以表格的形式对知识点进行分类和整理,具有条理清晰、方便记忆等优点。

3、记录内容:将知识点分为单词、短语、句型、语法四大部分,并附带例句。

4、侧重疑点与难点。在笔记上,对重难点用不同颜色的笔作醒目的标记,其意在于提醒此处的重要性,便于复习。

5、做笔记时,注意留一定的空白。由于知识我们会越学越多,有些知识是老师后来补充的,所以学生在记笔记时应留有一定的空白,以容纳同类型的新知识。

方法二:

首先是在课本上做笔记。即在课本上把相关的重要语法知识点画出来,画出来的内容包括,词组,句型,以及本课重点突出的语法点,当然还包括那些自己不会的东西。并用不同颜色的笔画,每种颜色由自己规定一种含义。比如红色是重难点,蓝色是难点等等。

把自己在家学习的东西,重要的知识点抄到小纸条上,随身携带。公交上,厕所里,排队时,拿出来,“刷个脸”,记忆最好的就是这些零散时间,就像减肥,要少食多餐!随着时间的流逝,捧起这本厚厚的笔记本你一定会觉得很有成就感,因为它就像是私人订制一样。

河北自学考试英语笔记

今天教务老师给大家收集整理了自考英语二怎么背教材,河北省自考英语二教材的相关问题解答,还有免费的自考历年真题及自考复习重点资料下载哦,以下是全国我们为自考生们整理的一些回答,希望对你考试有帮助!自考英语二怎么学自考英语二学习技巧如下:1.做冲刺题,所谓冲刺题就是要做一些题目跟考试的真题一样的,每一部分都是给自己做测试。并且每一次做都要告诉自己这就是自考英语二的考试,以此强化自己的应场能力。2.研究历年真题,不断总结。历年真题,尤其是近10年真题,是无数专家学者智慧的结晶,我们可以研究里面的单词,句子,优美语句甚至专门背下来。3.端正心态,相信自己。自考英语属于拿到学位必须的一环。其难度如何?大约相当于大学英语四级的难度。如果你高中英语很好,或者之前考过四级,基本不用担心。扩展知识:英语二是自考本科段中公共课目的必须课程,也几乎是自学考试所有非英语专业的课程中最难通过的一门。课程学分为14分,是所有科目里学分最高的科目,使用的教材是全国版教材。自考英语二怎么学习,考过的求教了我是一个高考的过来人。首先我想请阁下明白一个道理冰冻三尺非一日之寒,所以坚持很重要,英语是一门很看重积累的科目。虽然我高考已经好多年了,而且今年即将大学毕业,踏入社会。但英语一直没有丢,英语一直是我的排头兵!我对英语的自信还有,我觉得学好英语不难,重要的是你要有恒心,急躁冒进,三天打渔两天晒网都是不行的。在这里我就毛遂自荐一下我的学习方法吧:首先先你要端正心态,不要急躁,,你做你自己的事,这样才能静下心来学习。要成为英语高手就必须比别人走更多的路,做更多的事。你应该明白一个事实,英语是单词和语法的综合,所以单词和语法都要拿下。其次,对于单词,有如下几种方法,第一个,是加强记忆的频度,也就是说,早上记了几个,隔几个小时又看一次,总之一天之内,记忆的间隔不要太长,否则你辛苦积累的记忆会随着时间的延长而淡化,第二个,是可以根据自己的理解编顺口溜,比如goodmorning是狗摸你……,第三个,最重要的是,记单词的时候,不要忘了阅读,一边记单词,一边看文章,这样可以把孤立的单词串联起来,记忆的效果会加倍,第四个。我建议你记单词要分门别类记忆,要形成一个意群,比如,重要性用magnitudemagnificence,表示非常,大大地有exceedingly,tremendously,extremely……这样做在你写作时,是十分有好处的,写作时不要尽写一些低级词汇,你要写高级词汇,比如重要性写magnitude,许多写amultitudeof或者handsome。再次,是语法。学习语法,首先要明白什么是主谓宾定状补,什么是系动词,什么是直接宾语,间接宾语,这些是学习语法的基础,语法是房子,主谓宾定状补等是沙石砖瓦此外,对于完形填空以及阅读理解,那就只能靠平时的练习了,在这个过程中,你要时时总结,纵深对比,千万不要陷入题海战术只做题,不总结的误区当中。在做题的过程中,你把各种体型都总结了一遍,积累了丰富的经验,而且你还提升了自己的阅读速度,一举两得,所以做题是很重要的!其实,完形填空无非就是单项选择加语境分析,也就是说,做完形填空你的语法要好,而且你要积累比较多的固定搭配,短语,特殊用法等,完形填空的语法还是很重要的!对于阅读,我个人感觉是,纯粹是个人经验积累多少的问题,只有保证一定的练习量,你才能用质的提高!最后,我建议你,平时读报,或者做题的时候,发现有好的句子好的词汇,你要抄下来,长期下来,你的作文会有提高的,需要说明的是,这个提高过程可能很缓慢,但是最后能收到很好的效果,以前25分的作文我都能保证在21-23这个级别,靠的就是对语法的熟练掌握和积累了许多较高级的词汇,句型,句子。我个人的理解是,在你的语法达到基本不会出错的程度上,作文便应该以词汇取胜,因为在这个层次上,大家的语法都差不多,没什么变化,唯一有变化的就是你的词汇!给你打个比方吧,很多想到“许多”就用many,但是你别忘了manya;handsome;massive,innumerable;很多人想到“专家”就写expert,但很少人会想到specialist,很多人在想到“擅长”这词,就写begoodat,却不知还有更高级的表达法:beexpertat或者excelin……高手和庸才,就体现在这些细微的差别上!!自考/成考有疑问、不知道自考/成考考点内容、不清楚当地自考/成考政策,点击底部咨询官网老师,免费领取复习资料:

河北省自学考试英语笔记

Unit9(第26讲—第28讲) 本课简介 在learned words and popular words这篇课文中,作者对学术词汇和普通词汇进行了定义。讲述了两类词汇之间的差异,并且指出把词分为学术的和普通的方便而且有道理。但是人们必须注意,把普通词汇理解为属于大众所有的词,而不是某个特定阶层的人们所拥有的东西。学术词汇也并非有学问之人专用,只是它的存在是由于书籍和文学的培养而不是日常会话的实际需要。 本课主要语言点 1. In every cultivated language there are two great classes of words which, taken together, make up the whole vocabulary. class在本句中的意思是“种类”,相当于type, category.如: 1)It is very difficult to meet the needs of various classes of readers.(要满足各种读者的需要十分困难) 2)How many classes are you going to divide these books? (你打算把这些书分成几类?) class 还常用来表示“等级”,如:a second-class hotel (二等旅馆); an economy-class ticket (经济舱票);fly first class (乘头等舱航空旅行)。 class 也可以用动词用,意思是“把 …分类;把…看作”,如: 1)At 19 you are still classed as a teenager.(到了十九岁,你仍旧是青少年。) 2)He was classed as a genius (他被看作为天才) make up 在本句中的意思是“组成、构成”,请看例句: 1)Twenty-six boys and twenty-four girls make up the class (二十六名男生和二十四名女生组成了这个班) 2)Twelve doctors made up the medical team (十二名医生组成医疗队) 用被动语态时则应用be made up of,如: This engine is made up of 490 parts (这台发动机是由四百九十个部件装配而成的) taken together 过去分词短语做后置定语,对中心词做一些附加说明,相当于一个非限定性定语从句,要用逗号和中心词隔开,如: All the letters in the drawer, written in pencil, are from my brother.(抽屉里的这些用铅笔写的信都是我弟弟写的。) 2. First, there are those words with which we become familiar in ordinary conversation, which we learn, that is to say, from the members of our own family and from our friends, and which we should know and use even if we could not read or write. 句子中which引导的都是定语从句,修饰中心词words.第一个which的前面有介词with,这儿的with是familiar with中的介词前置了。Familiar with 意为“熟悉”。如:Are you familiar with the man standing over there?(站在那边的那个人你熟悉吗?) 请注意familiar with 与familiar to 的区别,familiar with 的主语通常是人,而familiar to的主语通常是物。如: 1)I am not familiar with this place. 2) This place is mot familiar to me. that is to say 是插入语,其作用是对整个一句话进行解释,类似的插入语还有so to speak, if I may say so, if you don't mind等等,如: 1)I'd really rather not go, if you don't mind 我确实不想去,你如果不介意的话。 2) The new emperor was, so to speak, a puppet.新皇帝可以说是个傀儡。 3.They concern the common things of life, and are the stock in trade of who speak the language concern 在句中的意思是“涉及,有关于”,如: 1)Don't interfere in things that don't concern you (别干预跟你无关的事)。 2)The energy problem concerns us all (能源问题关系到我们每个人) stock的意思很多,如“存货”,“股票”,“公债券”,“牲畜”等。 1)They hold a rich stock of information (他们掌握着丰富的材料) 2)You cannot buy it because it's out of stock (你买不成了,货品已经脱销) 3)He used to have a stock farm (他曾经拥有一个畜牧场) 4)The fridge was carefully stocked up with food.(冰箱里周到地放满了食品) stock in trade 也可以写成stock in trade,意思是“例行工作”,“常规”,如: 1)Complaints were a stock in trade of an airport manager's job (机场经理的工作就是常常面对投诉) 2)He was the master of black humor, it was his stock in trade (他是黑色幽默大师,黑色幽默是他的专长) 4.Such words may be called “popular”, since they belong to the people at large and are not the possession of a limited class only. since 在句中引导的是一个原因状语从句,请看例句: 1)Since it was Saturday, he got up very late (因为是周六,他起床很晚。) 2)You can take the place of him since he is not interested (你可以取代他,因为他对这事不感兴趣) at large 在本句中的意思是“整个”,这个词组的意思还有很多,请看下面的句子: 1)The people at large love peace (大多数人热爱和平) 2)The virus is still at large (这种病毒还在蔓延) 3)The murderer is still at large (杀人犯仍逍遥法外) 4)He talked at large about his plans (他详尽地谈了自己的计划) 5)They made the arrangements at large (他们随意地做了安排 ) 5. 请注意区别与possession 有关的两个词组:in possession of sth……和 in the possession of sb. 1)He is in possession of this house (他拥有这所房子) 2)The house is in the possession of him 3)On the other hand, our language includes large number of words which are relatively seldom used in ordinary conversation. 英语中有许多表示启承转合的词语,阅语中注意这些词有助于我们提高理解力,写作中注意用这些词,有助于我们把文章写得连贯、有条理。On the other hand 在本句中用来表示不同或相反的语气,在前一段中讲了popular word 这一段中作者则要讲讲learned words. 表示不同或相反语气的词还有很多,比如:Conversely, however, on the contrary, unlike, whereas, yet等等。 前面我们提到过number可以与可数名词连用,而amount可与不可数名词连用,如: 1)A large number of students have passed the exam (许多学生已经通过了考试) 2)They paid a large amount of money for the house (他们付了一大笔钱买了这座房子) 6.Their meanings are known to every educated person, but there is little occasion to use them at home occasion 通常可以做可数名词用,意思是“时刻、场合”;也可以做不可数名词用,意思是:“必要性、需要;机会”。如: 1)They're met on several occasions (他们已相遇过好几次) 2)They are occasions when you find it difficult to say “Good-bye”。(有时候你会觉得说“再见”很难。) 3)I don't remember I had occasion to blame him (我不记得我有责备他的必要) 7.In the latter, we are using a Latin Derivation which has exactly the same meaning 在前一句中用了“in the first case,” 本句中的“in the latter ”是指in the latter case .对两件事分别进行表述时,可以用in the first case, in the latter case 这一类词,条理非常清楚,也可以用the former,the latter 来表述。derivation 是derive 的名词形式。Latin derivation 意思是“拉丁语词源的词”,请看例句: 1)These words are derived from Latin (这些词由拉丁语派生而来) 2)The derivation of words is interesting (词的派生很有意思) 8. The terms “popular” and “learned”, as applied to words, are not absolute definitions.本句中的term意思是“术语、名称”,如: 1) I don't know how to put this term into Chinese (我不知道如何把这一术语译成中文) 2) Writer is hardly the term to apply to him (“作家”这一名称很难用在他身上) term 还有“期限;任期;学期”的意思,如: 1)During his 4-year term of office, he did a lot of things for the common people.(在他四年的任职期间,他为普通百姓做了不少事。) 2) He decided to rum for a second term (他决定竞选连任。) 3) The autumn term is coming to an end (秋学期快要结束了。) apply to 在句中的意思是“用于”,如: 1)This rule applies to upper class students only (这条规则只适用于高年级学生。) 2)I don't think what he says applies to you (我想他的话对你不适用) 3)They are eager to apply the theory to practice (他们急切地想把这一理论用于实践) apply for 则是“申请”的意思,如: 1)How many people have applied for the job?(有多少人申请了这个工作?) 2)They applied for permission to use the tennis court (他们申请使用网球场。) 9. Still the classification into “learned” and “popular” is convenient and sound .本句中的sound是形容词,意思是“正确的;明智的”,如: 1)He felt so happy that he had made a sound decision.(做了正确的决定,他感到很高兴。) 2)He was so carried away by power that he could not make any sound judgement(他被权力冲昏了头脑,无法做出任何明智的判断) 请看下面几个句子,注意sound 在句中的意思: 1)He is sound in body and mind (他身心健康) 2)The house is sound .Don't hesitate to buy it (这所房了完好无损,别犹豫,买下它) 3)The baby is having a sound sleep.(宝宝在酣睡) 4)Father gave him a sound beating.(父亲给他一顿痛打) 10.When we call a word “learned” we don't mean that it is used by learned persons alone, but simply that its presence in the English vocabulary is due to books and the cultivation of literature rather than to the actual needs of ordinary people not (that)…。but (that)。意思“不是…。而是。”如: 1)I came here again not because I enjoy the scenery so much but because I like the people .(我又来这儿,不是因为我多喜欢这儿的景色,而是我爱这儿的人们。) 2)By calling him Shylock, I don't mean that he is named Shylock,but that he is as miserly as Shylock.(叫他夏洛克,我不是说他的名字叫夏洛克,而是说他像夏洛克一样吝啬。) due to 在句中的意思是“由于”,如: 1)His failure was due to carelessness (他的失败是由于粗心。) 2)Due to lack of funds,they had to postpone the project.(由于缺少资金,他们不得不推迟计划) rather than 在本句的意思是“不是…而是……”,“与其……不如…” 1) He is a writer than a teacher (与其说他是教师,不如说他是作家。) 2)He lay rather than sit in the armchair (与其说他是坐在扶手椅上不如说是躺在里面。) 本课主要词组 1.make up 2.be familiar with 3.learn from 4.belong to 5.at large 6.on the other hand 7.be knows to 8.acquaintance with 9.in a style 10. be of importance 11. in the first case 12. in the latter (case) 13. in print 14. apply to 15. come up 16. as to 17. as a whole 18. due to 19. rather than Text B how should you build up your vocabulary? 短语表达 1. build up (建立;增强;增加) They worked hard to build up the friendship between the people in two countries. Get plenty of exercise every to build up your health. 2. come across (穿过,出现;遇到) They came across the street to meet me. A good idea came across my mind We are bound to come across difficulties, but we are determined to overcome them. 3. look up (查阅) If there are words you don't understand, look them up in the dictionary . For further information about this matter, look up this book. 4. at top speed (以速度) He drove his car at top speed It's dangerous to corner at top speed 5. depend on (依靠;取决于) We'll depend mainly on ourselves to solve the problem. The accomplishment of the task depends on the solution of this major problem. 6. make sense (有意义、讲得通) What he said just now didn't make any sense to me. This sentence doesn't make any sense. 7. try doing sth(尝试做某事) You can try using another method to go it He tried climbing the mountain without any help. 8. come up with (提出,想出;提供) He is expected to come up with some ideas after he thinks about the problem. The TV network will come up with better shows in the future. 9. lead to(导致) Our discussions led to confusion. The earthquake led to heavy loss of life. 10. after all (毕竟) Don't expect too much of him, he is, after all, a child of 10. We didn't finish all the work. After all, we didn't have enough hands 11. provide with (提供) It is necessary that you provide them with all the equipment We are satisfied to be provided with these kitchen utensils 12. begin with (以……开始) The first word of a sentence should begin with a capital letter . To begin with, we ought to know what we are here for.

3. Diamonds are made from carbon. 由……制成,可以用be made from和be made of两个词组来表达。但是be made from通常指制成品已看不出原材料是什么,而be made of可以看出该物品由什么材料制成的。如: 1) Paper is made from some plants. (纸是由某些植物制成的。) 2) This beer is made from grain. (这种啤酒是用粮食酿制的。) 3) The houses were made of brick. (这些房屋是砖造的。) 4) This toy is made of cotton. (这个玩具是布做的。) 4. Scientists know that the combination of extreme heat and pressure changes carbon into diamonds. extreme在句中做形容词用,意思是“极度的”,如: 1) Extreme cold can wake a hibernating animal. (极度的寒冷能使正在冬眠的动物苏醒。) 2) They will have to endure extreme discomfort in winter. (冬天时,他们将不得不忍受极度的不适。) change…into意思是“把…转变为…”,如: 1) Water changes into vapour when heated. (水加热后转变为蒸气。) 2) Go to the bank and you can easily change these dollars into RMB. (你去银行就能很容易地把这些美元换成人民币。) 5. Such heat and pressure exist only in the hot, liquid mass of molten rock deep inside the earth. 请注意such与so之间的不同用法。such后面接名词,而so后面接形容词或副词。如: 1) I don't believe he could make such a mistake. (我相信他不会犯这样的错误的。) 2) How can you go out on such a rainy day? (在这样的雨天里,你怎么能出门?) 3) He spoke so fast that I couldn't follow. (他说话太快,我听不懂。) 4) I'm so glad you could come. (你能来我真高兴。) mass在本句中的意思是“(聚成一体的)团、块”,比如: 1) a mass of hot air(一团热气) 2) a mass of sand(一堆沙) 3) Rain occurs when a mass of warm air is laden with water. (一团云聚集大量的水蒸气就形成了雨。) Mass也可以做形容词用,意思是“群众的”、“大量的”,如: 1) a mass meeting (群众大会) 2) mass education (大众教育) 3) mass media (大众传媒) 4) Mass production could very well cut the cost. (大规模生产可以降低成本。) 6. It is thought that millions of years ago this liquid mass pushed upward through cracks in the earth's crust. It is thought that…是一个很常用的句型,类似的句型在英语中很多,比如: 1) It is / was, has been…, reported that… 2) It is / was, has been…, stated that… 3) It is / was, has been…, pointed out that… 4) It is / was, has been…, mentioned that… 5) It is / was, has been…, believed that… 7. A. There are only four areas where very many diamonds have been formed. B. The first known area was in India, where diamonds were found thousands of years ago. 定语从句可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。A句是限定性定语从句,B句是非限定性定语从句。A、B两句中都是用关系副词where来引导定语从句,修饰表示地点的名词。请看下面的句子,注意限定性定语从句一般不用逗号隔开: 1) Is there a shop around where we can get some fruit? (附近有什么商店可以买到水果吗?) 2) This is the place where we met yesterday. (这是我们昨天碰头的地方。) 3) The small town, where he once worked, has turned to be a modern city. (他曾经工作过的那座小城,已经变成现代化的城市了。) 8. In the 1600's…(十七世纪) In the 1720's…(十八世纪二十年代) In the 1800's…(十九世纪) 请注意年代的表达方法,以上的年代也可以表达为in the 1600s; in the 1720s; in the 1800s.如果我们要表达“在十七世纪初(中、末)期”,则可以说in the early(mid, late) 1600's/1600s. 9. Diamonds became very popular with the kings and queens of Europe. become / be popular with / among是一个常用词组,意思是“受…欢迎”,请看下面的句子: 1) These Chinese handicrafts are very popular with foreign friends. (这些中国工艺品很受外国朋友的喜爱。) 2) His novels are popular among young people. (他的小说很受年轻人的喜爱。) 3) Classical music is popular among more and more people. (古典音乐受到越来越多的人的喜爱。) 10. India's supply of diamonds was finally running out after 2,500 yeas of mining the stones. Supply在句子中做名词用,意思是“供应”。Supply常常可以做动词用,意思是“供给,提供”。请看下面的句子: 1) Economic stability can be reached if demand and supply are in balance. (如果供求关系平衡的话,就能实现经济的稳定。) 2) Many materials are in short supply. (许多材料供应不足。) 3) The increasing world population will put a strain on food supply. (不断增长的世界人口将对粮食供应带来重负。) 4) You have to supply him with an answer. (你得给他提供一个答案。) 5) Most towns are supplied with tap-water and electricity. (大多数城镇都有自来水和电力供应。) run out是一个常用词组,意思是“用完,用尽”。请看例句: 1) Time is running out. We have to hurry. (时间快到了,我们得快点。) 2) My patience is running out. (我快要耐不住了。) 3) His luck seemed to have run out. (他的好运似乎结束了。) 我们也可以用run out来表达类似的意思,但run out of的主语应该是“某人”。如: 1) They have run out of money, so they have to find a job. (他们钱用完了,所以得找一份工作。) 2) I have run out of ink. (我的墨水用完了。) 11. People would pick up handfuls of gravel from the bottom of the streams and sort out the diamonds. -ful通常加在名词后面,构成形容词,如care-careful,help-helpful.而本句中的handful是一个名词,意思是“一把”,在单词部分,我们已经提到过,英语中有不少这样的词,如: 1) He gave me a basketful of beaches. (他给了我满满一篮子桃子。) 2) She put a spoonful of salt in the soup. (她往汤里撒了满满一勺盐。) 3) Tom is carrying an armful of books. (汤姆抱着一捆书。) sort out是一个常用词组,意思是“整理,分类”,如: 1) Sort out those of bigger size and put them in a box. (把大点的整理出来,放在盒子里。) 2) It took quite a while to sort out all our luggage. (把我们所有的行李整理好花了不少时间。) bottom在句子中做名词用,意思是“底部”。bottom还有“尽头、末端”的意思。请看例句: 1) There is some deposit in the bottom of the teapot. (茶壶底部有些沉淀物。) 2) At the bottom of the mountain, there is a beautiful village. (在山脚下有个美丽的村子。) 3) I felt grateful to you from the bottom of my heart. (我衷心地感谢你。) 4) Bottoms up. (干杯。) 12. These diamonds were probably carried from where they were formed to India by great sheets of moving ice that covered parts of the earth 20,000 years ago. where they were formed是where引出的名词性从句,作介词from的宾语。请看下面的句子: 1) He didn't say anything about where the accident took place. (他对事故在哪儿发生的只字未提。) 2) She hasn't made up her mind as to where she should go for the holiday. (她还没有决定到哪儿去度假。)

河北自学考试英语笔记整理

【免费定制学历提升方案和复习资料: 】高等教育自学考试英语二是必考科目,很多人报考英语二都觉得有难度,下面小编为大家整理自考《英语二》必考高频词汇及短语整理,供参考。自学考试必备词汇及短语1. blessing n. 祝福,祷告2. complain vi. 抱怨,悲叹,控诉3. remind v. 提醒 vt. 使想起,提醒4. victim n. 受害者,牺牲5. depression n. 沮丧,萧条6. unrest n. 不安的状态, 动荡的局面7. illegal adj. 不合法的,非法的 n. 非法移民8. immigrant n. 移民, 侨民 adj. 移民的9. trafficking n.(人或车等)交通流量,不正当生意(走私) v.做生意(多指违法的), 游览10. contribute vt. 捐助,投稿 vi. 投稿,贡献,是原因之一11. quit v. 离开,辞职,停止12. bring in 介绍,带进,引入,赚取,判决13. look forward to vt. 展望(期待)14. prepare for 为...做准备15. believe in 相信, 信任16. reward n. 报酬,报答,赏金 vt. 给...报酬,奖赏17. tragic adj. 悲剧的, 悲惨的18. passion n. 激情,热情19. crucial adj. 关键的,决定性的20. privileged adj.有特权的, 特许的21. motivation n. 动机22. prioritize vt. 把 ... 区分优先次序23. pattern n. 图案, 式样, 典范 v. 以图案装饰; 仿造, 模仿24. strategy n. 战略, 策略25. routine n. 例行公事, 常规,无聊 adj. 常规的, 例行的,乏味的26. locally adv. 地方性地, 局部性地, 位置上27. unique adj. 独一无二的, 独特的, 稀罕的28. survive vt. 比…活得长,幸免于难,艰难度过 vi. 活着, 继续存在29. client n.顾客; 当事人; 诉讼委托人; [计算机]客户端30. finance n. 财政, 资金 vt. 给...提供资金, 负担经费31. obligation n. 义务, 责任32. landscape n. 风景,山水,风景画 v. 美化…的景观,进行造园工程33. exceed vt. 超过, 胜过, 超出界限 vi. 领先34. assume vt. 假定, 设想, 承担; (想当然的)认为35. alleviate vt. 减轻,使...缓和36. seasoned adj. 经验丰富的37. various adj. 各种各样的38. professional adj. 职业(上)的,专业的 n. 专业人员39. lie in 在于40. get up 起床,起立41. seek out vt. 寻出(挑出)42. in place 在适当的位置43. apply for 申请自考《英语二》高频词汇大全自学考试英语二作文复习资料Lesson five first principlesWhat do u learn about laura?Why were her parents so proud of her?Laura was a slim,dark-haired girl of fourteen. she was smart and a pupil at Green Valley Academy. Christmas Day was coming,laura wanted a ballerina dress as a gift from her parents to attend some parties. But when laura‘s mother told her about her father’s unemployment,she understood them and said she didn‘t care about presents or parties. During the time when the family spent Christmas Day at the farm,laura seemed to radiate happiness. It was laura’s obvious pleasure that had a wonderful Christmas Day. Therefore,laura‘s parents were proud of her.Lesson six The beauty of BritainBritain is a small but beautiful country .One of its charms lies in its variety with the territory of 240500 square kilometers,it has mountains,plains and lakes as other countries. Someone perhaps says that the mountains there are only mountains in miniature . Although those mountains are small,they all have the air of great mountains .Another characteristic of Britain is its happy surprise. A traveler will kept being pleasantly astonished by the landscape. On a rolling plain,you might suddenly noticed mountains with step slopes ahead. In a highly developed industrial district,he would see out of expectation a rough wilderness. But the most impressing would be the happy compromise between Nature and Man,country and city .This characteristic is obvious in suburbs where the inhabitants can not only enjoy the civilization of the city,but also live a comfortable country gentlemen‘s life .报考考试有疑问、不知道如何考点内容、不清楚报考考试当地政策,点击底部咨询猎考网,免费获取个人学历提升方案:

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阐述了大学英语四六级考试的性质、考试题型、命题原则和试题难度,向考生提供了试题的答案,介绍了在大学考试中常见的词汇。

河北自学考试英语笔记电子版

Unit3(第7讲—第10讲) 4. One idea was that it reached out to “the edge of the world”。 Another idea was that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot. 这两个都是表语从句和主句中的系动词连用的句子。结构为:主语+系动词+表语从句。请看下面的例句:My idea is that we contact him as soon as possible.(我的想法是我们应该尽快跟他联系。) 请翻译下面的句子: 1) My suggestion is that we should put off the meeting.(我的建议是我们应该把会议延期。) 2) One advantage of solar energy is that it will never be used up.(太阳能的一个优点是用之不竭。) 3) 问题是你不在时谁照管孩子。(The problem is who will take care of the children while you are away.) 4) 看起来天要下雨。(It looks that it is going to rain.) 请注意辨析another 和other: another由 an+other构成,只和单数可数名词连用。other可用于所有名词前。another+单数名词表示不定的“另一个”,the other+单数可数名词表示特指的“另一个”。 请看下面的例句: 1) This idea is not very practical, will you think of another one?(这个主意不太实际,你能另想一个吗?) 2) This book is too difficult. Show me another one.(这本书太难了,给我看另外一本。) 3) Of the three books in my bag, two are published in China, the other is published in the United States.(我包里的三本书中,两本是中国出版的,另一本是美国出版的。) 4) Tom is here, but where are the other boys?(汤姆在这儿,其他的男孩在哪儿呢?) 5) I like this coat better than the other one.(两件上衣中,我更喜欢这一件。) 6) This camera is more expensive than the other one.(这架照相机比另一架贵。) boiling hot意思是“滚热的,酷热的”。此处的boiling不是形容词而是副词,表示热的程度,修饰hot. 5. Sailors were afraid that they might sail right off the earth. 此句中,that引导的名词性从句作形容词的补足语。例如: 1) I am afraid that I can not finish the article in two hours.(我担心我两小时内写不完这篇文章。) 2) He was afraid that he couldn't give you a definite answer.(他担心他不能给你一个明确的答复。) 3) I am afraid that I have made a mistake.(我担心自己犯了一个错误。) 4) We are confident that we can overcome all the difficulties.(我们相信自己能克服所有的困难。) 对“be + 形容词 + that引起的从句”这类结构,语法家们有的认为that从句做宾语用,有的认为that从句做状语用。根据句子的逻辑意义来判断也许比较方便一些。如:I'm sorry that you failed the exam again. 这个句子中的that从句起状语作用,相当于“…because you failed the exam again.” 6. The Atlantic Ocean is only half as big as the Pacific,… 在第一单元中我们讨论过副词的同等比较。本句中as big as 则是形容词的同等比较。在这类句子中,可以有表示程度的状语。例如: 1) This book is not half as interesting as that one.(这本书还不如那本书一半有趣。) 2) My monthly income is only half as much as his.(我的月收入只有他的一半多。) 3) This year our university will enroll three times as many students as it did the year before last.(我们学校今年的招生人数将是前年的三倍。) 请翻译下面的句子: 1) 我的英语口语还不及你的一半流利。(My spoken English is not half as fluent as yours.) 2) 这只手提箱还没有那只手提箱一半重。(This suitcase is not half as heavy as that one.) 3) 这个房间是那个房间的两倍。(This room is twice as large as that one.) 7. But suppose no more rain fell into it and no more water was brought to it by rivers. suppose 常常做动词用,意思是“假定;猜想;认为”。例如: 1) Let's suppose it to be true.(让我们假定这是真的。) 2) I suppose he is very nervous.(我猜想他很紧张。) 3) I supposed him to be an honest man, but he often tells lies.(我以为他很诚实,他却经常说谎。) 在本句中suppose(也可以用supposing)是一个连词,意思是“假设(= if);假使…结果会怎么样”。例如: 1) Suppose he is ill, what shall we do?(假如他病了,我们怎么办?) 2) Suppose a tiger should come out of the cage?(如果一只老虎从笼子中跑出来怎么办?) 3) Suppose something should go wrong?(如果出了什么问题会怎么样?) 8. It would take the ocean about 4000 years to dry up. it takes (sb.) some time to do sth. 是很常用的一个句型。例如: 1) 我骑自行车到学校要花半小时。(It takes me half an hour to get to school by bike.) 2) 他花了两个星期时间才看完那本书。(It took him two weeks to finish reading that book.) 请翻译下面的句子: 1) It took the boy three hours to finish his homework.(那个男孩花了3小时才写完作业。) 2) It takes less than 4 hours to get to Shanghai by train from Nanjing.(从南京乘火车到上海只要不到4小时。) 3) 他花了4天时间才走出密林。(It took him 4 days to go out of the forest.) 4) 照顾一个生病的老人要花许多时间。(It will take a great deal of time to look after a sick old man. 9. On the average the water is a little more than two miles deep, but in places it is much deeper. on the average在句子中的意思是“平均而言”。例如: 1) On the average, they drove 70 miles an hour.(他们平均每小时行驶70英里。) 2) On the average, they spend 20 yuan on food every day.(他们平均每天花20块钱吃饭。) a little 在句子中修饰more,表示程度,意思是“一点儿,稍许”。much在句子中修饰deeper,也表示程度,加强形容词比较级,意思是“…多”。例如: 1) I feel a little cold.(我觉得有点冷。) 2) He spent a little more than 20 yuan yesterday.(昨天他花了20块多一点儿。) 3) I feel much better now.(我现在感觉好多了。) 4) She is much more careful this time.(她这一次细心多了。) 请翻译下面的句子: 1) 干了一天的工作,我觉得有点累。(I feel a little tired after a day's work.) 2) 她对她的同学有点不友好。(She is a little unfriendly to her classmates.) 3) 听了那个消息他开心多了。(He was much happier after hearing that news.) 10. This “deep” measures 30,246 feet——almost 6 miles (9.6km)。 本句中的deep做名词用,意思是“深处”,“海渊”(水深超过3000英里)。 measure 在句子中做动词用,意思是“测量”,“有…深”。例如: 1) This room measures 10 metres across.(这个房间宽10米。) 2) The bridge measures 17 kilometres long.(这座桥长17公里。) 3) The water tank only measures 2 metres deep.(这只水箱只有2米深。) 11. One of the longest mountain ranges of the world rises from the floor of the Atlantic. 本句中的 longest与课文前几段中出现的narrowest,saltiest,deepest一样,都是形容词的级形式。因为这几个词是单音节词或是以元音结尾的双音节词,所以,级的构成是在词尾加-est.对于大部分两个音节以上的形容词,级的构成是在形容词前面加most.请看例句: 1) He wants to make everybody believe that he is the happiest person in the world.(他想使每一个人相信他是世界上最幸福的人。) 2) This is the strongest horse I have ever seen.(这是我所见过的壮的马。) 3) The boss wanted to find the most careful employees.(老板想找最细心的雇工。) 4) 黄山是我所知道的最美的山之一。(Yellow Mountain is one of the most beautiful mountains I have ever known.) 5) 这条高速公路是中国最长的。(This express way is one of the longest in China. ) 6) 这本书是三本书中最有意思的。(This book is the most interesting of the three.) rise 是一个不及物动词,在句子中的意思是“升起;隆起”。例如: 1) The sun rises in the east.(太阳在东方升起。) 2) Give the child some medicine, his temperature is rising.(给孩子服药,他的体温在升高。) 3) The mountain peak rises above the clouds.(山峰高耸入云。) 请注意区别以下动词: 1) rise 不及物动词 (起立;上升,高耸;浮现) The old lady rose to her feet when she heard the doorbell. The tower rises to a height of 70 feet. An idea rises in my mind. 2) raise 及物动词 (举起;养育;提高;召集) If you have any questions, please raise your hands. When Father was in the army, Mother had a hard time raising three children. The management promised to raise the workers'salary after the negotiation. He failed to raise the money for his father's heart operation. 3) arise 不及物动词 (升起;出现;由…引起) Heavy smoke arose beyond the mountain. New problems arise when old ones are solved. His illness arose from malnutrition. 4) arouse 及物动词 (唤醒;激起,引起) The noise outside aroused him from sleep. The music aroused a feeling of homesickness in him. floor在句子中的意思是“海底”。在其他语言环境中,floor当然有其他的意思。如; 1) He lives on the seventh floor.(他住在7楼。) 2) The wood floor gives a feeling of warmth in the winter.(冬天时,木地板给我温暖的感觉。) 3) He was given the floor at the meeting.(他在会上得到了发言权。) 4)He decided to floor the kitchen with plastic tiles.(他决定用塑料砖铺厨房地面。) 12. The tops of a few of the mountains reach up above the sea and make island top 在句中做名词用,意思是“顶部,山顶”。例如: 1) He was the first to climb to the top of the hill.(他第一个爬上山顶。) 2) When we stand on the top of the mountain, the whole city is in sight.(我们站在山顶时,整个城市尽收眼底) 请翻译下面的句子,注意top的词类和意思: 1) He shouted at the top of his voice.(他放声高叫。)-n. 2) He is running at the top of his speed.(他正以最快的速度奔跑。)-n. 3) He is the top student in the class.(他是班上的尖子学生。)-adj. 4) This is the top news of the week.(这是本周的头条新闻。)-adj. 5) His father is a top diplomatic advisor.(他父亲是高级外交顾问。)-adj. 6) Mother is going to top the cake with cream.(妈妈准备在蛋糕上浇奶油。)-v. 7) He tops his father by half a head.(他比父亲高出半个头。)-v. 8) She needs a new skirt to match her top.(她需要一条新裙子配她的上衣。)-n. 与top有关的词组: come out top(名列前茅) come out on top(出人头地) from top to bottom(从上到下,彻底地) from top to toe(从头到脚;完全) on top of the world(非常幸福;心满意足) 13. Several hundred miles eastward from Florida there is a part of the ocean called the Sargasso Sea. called the Sargasso Sea 是修饰ocean的定语从句,在其前省去了which is. 请看下面的例句: 1) Opportunities are often thing (that) you have not noticed the first time around. (机会常常是第一次出现时没有被人们注意到的东西。) 2) There is much (that) the little boy can do.(有许多是那小男孩能做。) 3)He is the right person (that) I want to discuss the problem with.(他正是我想与其讨论这个问题的人。) 14. In the days of sailing vessels the crew were afraid they would be becalmed here. Sometimes they were. days常常指“时期,时代”,有时也表示“一生;生命”。请看例句: 1) In his boyhood days, he often went swimming and fishing with his friends.(在他的童年时代,他常常和伙伴们一起游泳,钓鱼。) 2) In the days of Queen Victoria, the British colony expanded rapidly.(在维多利亚女王时代,英国殖民地迅速扩张。) 3) He has experienced a lot of hardships in his days.(他一生中吃了许多苦。) crew是一个集合名词,指“全体船员”,后面的谓语动词可以用单数也可以用复数,此句中谓语动词用的是复数were,因为从句子中可以推断出是许多vessels(船)上的船员。Sometimes they were.句子中省略becalmed. 15. The Atlantic furnishes much food for the people on its shores. furnish sth. to sb. 意思是“为…提供”,我们同样可以用furnish sb. with sth.来表达这个意思。例如: They furnished blankets and food to the refugees.(他们为难民供应毯子和食物。) No one expected that he would furnish the information to the opponent.(谁也没有料到他会把消息提供给对手。) Luckily, they have furnished us with a car and all the necessary maps.(幸运的是他们为我们提供了一辆汽车和所有必要的地图。) 16. One of its famous fishing regions, the Grand Banks, is near Newfoundland. the Grand Banks在句子中做同位语。请看下面的例句: 1) This theory was advanced by Einstein, a famous scientist.(这个理论是由科学家爱因斯坦提出的。) 2) This is Mr. Benjamin, dean of our department.(这是我们系主任本杰明先生。) 3) Qinghai Lake, the largest inland body of salt water in China, lies 3,198 metres above sea-level.(中国的内陆咸水湖青海湖海拔3,198米。) 本课主要词组及句型 词组: 1. separate from 2. keep sb. from doing sth. 3. be unwilling to do sth. 4. between A and B 5. make sth unusual 6. so…that 7. dry up 8. on the average 9. rise from 10. furnish sth for sb. 11. pile up 12. from…to 句型: A.定语从句: 1) The Atlantic is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New. 2) Ocean currents affect the climates of the land near which they flow. B.表语从句: 1) One idea was that it reached out to “the edge of the world”。 2) Another idea was that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot. C.结果状语从句: 1) There is so much water in the Atlantic that it is hard to imagine how much there is. 2) We now have such fast ways of travelling that this big ocean seems to have grown smaller. D.形容词的比较级和级: 1) The Atlantic is only half as big as the Pacific, but still it is very large. 2) It is more than 4,000 miles wide where Columbus crossed it. 3) Even at its narrowest it is about 2,000 miles wide. 4) Also, it is the world's saltiest ocean. 5) The deepest spot is near Puerto Rico. E.be one of+复数名词 The Atlantic Ocean is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New. F.it takes sb. some time to do sth. It would take the ocean about 4,000 years to dry up. 地理名称 1.(七)大洲和(四)大洋 Asia (亚洲) Europe(欧洲) Africa(非洲) North America(北美洲) South America(南美洲) Oceania (大洋洲) the Antarctic(南极洲) The Atlantic(大西洋) the Pacific(太平洋) the Indian(印度洋) the Arctic(北冰洋) 2.常用词 continent (大陆) continental shelf(大陆架) subcontinent(次大陆) iceberg(冰山) mountain range(山脉) volcano(火山) delta (三角洲) waterfall(瀑布) gulf(海湾) straits; channel(海峡) coast line (海岸线) beach(海滩) 3. 大西洋之最 1) The Atlantic is the second largest ocean in the world 2) The Atlantic is the saltiest ocean in the world 3) Puerto Rico Trench is the deepest in the Atlantic Ocean. 4) Gulf Stream is the strongest warm water current in the Atlantic Ocean. 5) The Grand Banks near Newfoundland is the most prosperous fishing region in the world. 6) The drainage area of the Atlantic is four times that of the Pacific or the Indian. 2. 主要属海和岛屿 the Mississippi 密西西比河 the Hudson 哈得逊河 the Amazon 亚马逊河 the Congo 刚果河 Baffin Bay 巴芬湾 the Nigeria 尼日利亚河 the Rhine 莱茵河 the Caribbean Sea 加勒比海 the Mexican Gulf 墨西哥湾 the Hudson Bay 哈得逊湾 the Mediterranean Sea 地中海 the Black Sea 黑海 the North Sea 北海 the Baltic Sea 波罗的克海 Iceland 冰岛 Greenland 格陵兰岛 Faeroe Islands 法罗群岛 Shetland Islands 设得兰岛 Bermudas 百慕大群岛 Azores 亚速尔群岛 Grenada 格陵纳达岛 Antilles 安的列斯群岛 Trinidad Islands 特里尼达群岛 Malvinas Islands 马尔维纳斯群岛 Bahamas 巴哈马群岛 Text B The Moon 短语表达 1. tie to(与…联系在一起;使束缚于…) He is seriously ill and has been tied to his bed for almost a month.(他病得厉害,已经卧床近一个月了。) Study ties smoking to many diseases.(据研究,许多疾病与抽烟有关。) I am sorry I didn't have the time to go shopping with you. I was tied to housework.(很抱歉我没能有时间和你一起去购物,家务杂事把我拴住了。) 2. except for(除了…之外) The room is empty except for some chairs.(房间里除了一些椅子空荡荡。) Your composition is well written except for some spelling mistakes.(除了几处拼写错误,你的文章写的不错) 3. be near to(靠近) The park is near to our school. Let's go boating.(公园离我们学校很近,我们去划船吧。) The police station is near to our community. It is within walking distance. (警察局离我们社区很近,步行就能到达。) 4. face towards(朝向) My office is in the building that faces towards the street.(我的办公室在那座朝街的楼里。) His new house faces towards the south.(他的新房子朝南。) 5. keep…in mind(把…记在心里) I am not sure if he would keep what you have said in mind.(我不能肯定他是否会把你说的话记在心里。) I will keep this in mind for future reference.(我会记住这个,供以后参考。) 6. light up(变亮;使容光焕发) Her face lighted up when she heard the news.(听到那个消息,她面露喜色。) His face was lighted (lit) up with excitement.(他因兴奋而满面春风。) 7. reflect(反射) Mirrors reflect light.(镜子反射光。) The white sand reflected the sun's heat(白沙地反射太阳的热气。)。 The light reflected from the water into my eyes.(光线投过水面反射到我眼里。) 8. …enough for sb. to do sth.(足以让某人做某事) The room is big enough for us to have a dancing party.(这间房够大了,我们可以在里面开舞会。) The basket is light enough for the little boy to carry.(这只篮子很轻,那个小男孩能提动。) 9. speak of(提到,说起) I have never heard him speak of his past.(我从来没有听他提起他的过去。) She always looks proud when she speaks of her son.(说到她的儿子她总是很自豪的样子。) 10. otherwise(不然;另外的) He reminded me of what I might otherwise have forgotten.(他提醒了我,不然我可能会忘记那件事。) He is a little careless, but he is otherwise quite suitable for the job.(他有点粗心,除此以外,他倒是很适合这个工作的。) He is honest, but his twin brother is otherwise.(他很诚实,而他的孪生兄弟则不然。) 11. nothing but(仅仅,除了…之外没有什么) There is nothing but a piece of bread in the cupboard.(食橱里除了一片面包什么也没有。) He asked for nothing but trust.(除了信任,他什么要求都没有。)

Unit18(第53讲—第55讲) 本课主要句型 1. Now it is hard to visualize a map that does not feature north at the top, but this was not always so. 本句中it做形式主语(formal subject),to visualize a map……。是真正的主语(real subject)。用it 做形式主语, 主要是因为主语较长,谓语较短,于是不定式常放在谓语的后面。例如: 1)It is necessary to tell him the news as soon as possible.(尽快把这消息告诉他是很必要的。) 2)It took us 30 minutes to get there by bus.(坐公共汽车到那儿花了我们30分钟时间。) 3)It made us very angry to see him talk to the old man in such an impolite manner.(看到他以如此不礼貌的方式与那位老人谈话,我们非常气愤。) 4)How much did it cost you to send the parcel express?(速递这个包裹花了你多少钱?) 请翻译下列句子,注意用做形式主语: 1)掌握一门外语不是一件容易的事。 2)能来参加这个晚宴是我们的荣幸。 3)我们不帮助他们是错误的。 4)他们拒绝采纳这个建议是不明智的。 上面的四个句子可以翻译为: 1) It is not easy to master a foreign language. 2) It is our honor to be present at this dinner party. 3) It was a mistake for us not to help them. 4) It is unwise of them to turn sown the suggestion. Visualize是一个动词,意思是 imagine (想像)。在词汇部分我们讲到过-ize是动词后缀。常用在形容词后面构成动词,如:localize(局部化,地方化), urbanize (城市化),nationalize (使国有化), finalize(最后定下来)visualize 这个动词,我们在第四单元中已经学过,请把下面两个句子译成英语,注意使用 visualize: 1)我难以想像等待着我的将会是什么。 2)一整天,他都在想像着将在教堂举行的婚礼。 这两句话可以译为: 1) I cannot visualize what is waiting for me. 2) He has been visualizing the wedding ceremony to be held at the church for the whole day. ……this was not always so中的 so 是个代词,意思是“如此,这样”,如: 1)――I think you made the wrong decision. ――Is that so? (是这样吗?) 2)It is not necessary to find out why it is so.(去了解为什么如此是没有必要的。) 3)I believe so.(我相信是这样。) 2. The oldest known map in the accepted sense of the word was drawn about 3,800BC, and represents the river Euphrates flowing through northern Mesopotamia, Irag. 本句中的known是过去分词做形容词用,意思是“已知的”,在某些语境中,known意为“的”。如: 1)This is the most dangerous substance known to man.(这是人类已知的最危险的物质。) 2)It has become a well known holiday resort.(这儿已成为的度假胜地。) in the…sense of the word 意思是“就这个词的…意义上而言”,如: 1)It is a miracle in the true sense of the word.(这是真正的奇迹。) 2)That is an adventure in every sense of the word.(那才叫冒险。) sense是个常用词,请看下面的句子,注意sense的词意。 1) He has a great sense of humor.(他很有幽默感。) 2) There is some common sense in what he says.(他所说的话有些道理。) 3) What's the sense of doing that since it is already late?(既然已经晚了,做那件事还有什么意义呢?) 4) She came to her senses after a blood transfusion. (输血之后,他苏醒过来。) 5) In a sense what he said is true.(在某种意义上说,他说的话是正确的。) 6) Her explanation doesn't make any sense.(她的解释讲不通。) 7) I cannot make sense of what has written.(她写的东西我弄不懂。) 3. This and others that followed it, were little more than rough sketches of localized features; it was not until many centuries later that the ancient Greeks placed the science of map-making on a sound-footing. 本句中的前一个it是代指上句中的the oldest known map. Little more than 的意思是 almost no more than(只不过是)。请注意下列句子中的little的意思: 1) He is little better than a bookworm. (他简直跟书呆子差不多。) 2) That is little short of open scorn.(那简直就是公然藐视。) It was not until…that…。是一个常见的强调句型,意思是“直到…才”。如: 1) It was not until the cat emerged from behind the bushes that I noticed it.(直到猫从灌木后面出来,我才注意到它。) 2) It was not until he called me that I realized there was a meeting in the afternoon.(直到他给我打电话我才想起下午有个会。) 3) It was not until several weeks later that the stolen car was found.(几个星期以后那辆失窃的汽车才被找到。) 请翻译下列句子,注意使用上述句型。 1)直到20世纪60年代人类才实现登上月球的梦想。 2)直到昨天他才被告知真相。 3)直到妈妈来幼儿园接他,那孩子才停止哭泣。 这三个句子可以翻译为: 1) It was not until the 1960S that man realized the dream of landing on the moon. 2) It was not until yesterday that he was told the truth. 3) It was not until mother came to the kinder-garter to collect him that the boy stopped crying. place sth. on a sound footing 意思是“把…置于坚实的基础上”。 4. The last great scientist of the classical period, he was the first to draw a map that was based on all available knowledge, rather than guess or imagination. The last great scientist of the classical period, 在本句中做同位语,对主语he作进一步的补充说明。 Be based on 意思是“以……为基础”。 Guess在句中做名词用,意思是“推测,猜想”。 Rather than在本句中的意思相当于instead of “而不是”。 1)I have used some simple words rather than the difficult ones.(我用了一些简单词汇而不是难词。) 2)He bought two books rather than one.(他买了两本书而不是一本。) 3)Rather than go back on his word, he kept his promise.(他没有食言,而是言而有信。) 5. Given the state of knowledge of those times, he got things wrong, …… 在第十五单元中,我们学过given这个介词,意思是“考虑到”,在本句中given仍是这个意思,请再看两个例句: 1)Given the poor working condition, you cannot expect the workers to be very efficient.(考虑到工作条件差,你不能指望工人们的效率很高。 2)Given the bad weather, we have to change our plan.(基于天气不好,我们得改变计划。) Times在本句中的意思是“时代”,如: 1)The times are different, women are now equal to man.(时代不同了,现在男女平等了。) 2)In modern times, the development of science and technology is accelerating.(近代科学技术在加速发展。) 3)In the difficult times, many people died of hunger.(在那限难时世,许多人因饥饿而死。) 6. …since Ptolemy had calculated wrongly the size of the Atlantic and was unaware that the pacific ocean existed. 本句中的since引导的是一个原因状语从句,如: 1)Since so many people are absent, we'd better put off the meeting.(既然如此多的人缺席,我们将此会延期。) 2)I won't blame you since you know nothing about it.(既然你对此一无所知,我就不会怪你。) Unaware与aware一样是形容词,其用法也与aware相同,be unaware of…, be unaware that…。 1)I was unaware of his presence.(我没注意到他在场。) 2)He was unaware that he had been followed.(他不知道他被跟踪了。) 7. The reason for this was that he decided to orientate the map in the direction of the pole star since Polaris was the immovable guiding light in which the voyagers of the era placed their trust. 本句中,that引导的是一个表语从句。表语从句的结构为: 主语+连系动词+表语从句。表语从句也可用where, why, how引导。如: 1) The reason for his absence was that he was ill.(他缺席的原因是他病了。) 2) That was why I hated it.(这就是我不喜欢这个的原因。) 3) That is how he cheated people.(他就是用这种方式骗人的。) Which所引导的是一个定语从句修饰guiding light限定性定语从句如果修饰“物”,关系代词that和which都可用,但在介词的后面只能用which,在口语中一般把介词放到从句后部去,这时则可以用that.如: 1) This is the question about which we had a discussion last night.(这就是我们昨晚讨论的问题。) This is the question that we. Had a discussion about last night. 2) This is the fact on which we base our opinion.(我们的观点就是建立在这个事实之上的。) This is the fact that we base our opinion on. Trust在句中做名词用,place (put) trust in sb/sth 信任某人(某事)。 1)I don't have any trust in him.(我对他一点也不信任。) 2)Have some trust in the future everything will be OK.(对未来有点信心吧,一切都会好起来。) 3) The old lady placed great trust in her grandson.(那位老太太对她孙子非常信任。) 8. North at the top remained the accepted arrangement until the early Middle Ages, when the church began to interfere seriously with the advance of science. 本句中when引导一个由逗号把前面句子隔开的句子,其意思相当于at the time.如: 1) The party has been put off until next week, when we can get better prepared.(晚会被推迟到下周,那时我们能准备得更好些。) 2) We will wait have until 6, when the manager can spare us a few minutes.(我们在这儿等到6点,那时经理就能给我们几分钟了。) Interfere with意思是“妨碍”,如: 1) Bad dietary habits often interfere with health.(不良的饮食习惯常常妨碍健康。) 2) The interests of the two countries do not interfere with each other.(这两国相互间没有利害冲突。) 9. Once again, north assumed its rightful place at the top of maps. 在第十五单元的Text B中,我们已经学过assume这个词 It has long been assumed that aggression is caused by male hormones.(长期以来,人们认定好斗是由男性荷尔蒙引起的。) 在本句中assume的意思是acquire(获得,取得) 请注意下列例句中assume的意思: 1)I assume the misunderstanding will be cleared up.(我认定这误会会消除。) 2)He assumed the report to be unreliable.(他猜那报告不可靠。) 3) Farmers will have a good harvest , assuming that the weather is favorable.(假如风调雨顺,农民将会有好收成。) 4) Who will assume the costs of running a school? (谁来负担开设一所学校的费用?) 5) He assumed a leading position last May.(去年五月,他担任领导职务。) 6) Hitler assumed power in 1933.(希特勒于1933年夺得政权。) 7) He assumed full control of the company.(他完全控制了这家公司。) 本课主要词组 1. in the sense of 2. more than 3. be based on 4. rather than 5. attempt to do sth 6. in the form of 7. in search of 8. at the top 9. in the direction of 10. place trust in 11. interfere with 12. in accordance with 13. from…point of view 14. reliance on Text B You Have a Choice 短语表达 1. side by side They are sitting side by side. We walked side by side along the river. 2. be seated Please be seated, I will fix you a cup of coffee. The hostess was seated with the guests when I hurried in. 3. ahead of The boy is running ahead of his classmates. I believe we can finish the work ahead of time. 4. be certain of I cannot be certain of the time of their arrival. Can you be certain of the truth of his utterance? 5. bring about The new policy is sure to bring about a lot of changes. What Father said has brought about a profound change in his personality. 6. account for This excuse cannot account for your absence. Her explanation doesn't account for the failure. 7. regardless of All of you will be given a chance regardless of your age and sex. Regardless of which method you choose, the result will be the same. 8. make a difference Whether he comes or not will not make any difference. I hope my participation will make a difference. 9. lead to Excessive smoking may lead to lung cancer. The misunderstanding led to a bad quarrel. 10. pull out of The train pulled out of the station at 10:00. When do you think the car will pull out of the garage? 11. for sure I don't know for sure who will be in charge of this department. He couldn't tell for sure what was in the distance. 12. apply to It is hard to apply the rule to real work. It is necessary that the theory be applied to practice. 13. deal with He is hard to deal with. I have no idea how to deal with this situation.

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