第一部分 选择题 一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）在每小题列出的四个选项中只有一个选项是符合题目要求的，请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。 1.The famous quotation from Shakespeare‘s play “Romeo and Juliet” ’A rose by any other name would smell as sweet‘ well illustrates _______.（ ） A.the conventional nature of language B.the creative nature of language C.the universality of language D.the big difference between human language and animal communication 2.Of the following sound combinations， only _______ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English.（ ） A.kibl B.bkil C.ilkb D.ilbk 3.The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _______ formula “S→NP VP”。（ ） A.hierarchical B.linear C.tree diagram D.vertical 4.It is the _______ on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay adjacent to each other.（ ） A.Case Condition B.parameter C.Adjacent Condition D.Adjacent Parameter 5.Predication analysis is a way to analyze _______ meaning. A.phoneme B.word C.phrase D.sentence 6.According to Searle，those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _______.（ ） A.commisives B.directives C.expressives D.declaratives 7.The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages. A.synchronic B.diachronic C.comparative D.historical comparative 8.The way in which people address each other depends on their age， sex， social group， and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name， last name， title+last name， _______，and kin term. A.title+first name B.title+title C.title alone D.first name+last name+title 9.Language and thought may be viewed as two independent circles overlapping in some parts. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other， we may regard thought as “subvocal speech，” and speech as “_______”。（ ） A.vocal thought B.subvocal thought C.covert thought D.overt thought 10.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition _______.（ ） A.Language acquisition is a process of habit formation B.Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beings C.Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language D.Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use 第二部分 非选择题 二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分。） 11.In the course of time， the study of language has come to establish close links with other branches of s________ studies， such as sociology and psychology. 12.Clear ［1］ and dark［ ］are allophones of the same one phoneme /1/.They never take the same position in sound combinations， thus they are said to be in c________ distribution. 13.A r________ is often seen as part of a word， but it can never stand by itself although it bears clear， definite meaning. 14.A c________ sentence contains two or more clauses， one of which is incorporated in the other. 15.That the denial of one member of two words implies the assertion of the other is the characteristic of c________ antonyms. 16.While the meaning of a sentence is abstract and decontextualized， that of an u________ is concrete and context-dependent. 17.Phonological rules may move phonemes from one place in the string to another. For example， Modern English verb ask was Old English askian， with the /k/preceding the/s/.Sound change as a result of sound movement is known as m________. 18.In many societies of the world， we find a large number of people who speak more than one language. As a characteristic of societies， b________ inevitably results from the coming into contact of people with different cultures and different languages. 19.The brain‘s neurological specialization for language is called linguistic I ________， which is specific to human beings. 20.In order to acquire a second language， learners will subconsciously use their first language knowledge in learning a second language. This is know as language t________. 三、判断说明题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分。）判断下列各题正误，正者在括号内写“T”，误者在括号内写“F”，并说明理由。 （ ）21.In the history of any language the writing system always came into being before the spoken form. （ ）22.In English， long vowels are also tense vowels because when we pronounce a long vowel such as/i：/，the larynx is in a state of tension. （ ）23.A compound is the combination of only two words. （ ）24.“The student” in the sentence “The student liked the linguistic lecture.”，and “The linguistic lecture” in the sentence “The linguistic lecture liked the student.”belong to the same syntactic category. （ ）25.Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations while linguistic forms with the same reference always have the same sense. （ ）26.An important difference between presupposition and entailment is that presupposition， unlike entailment， is not vulnerable to negation. That is to say， if a sentence is negated， the original presupposition is still true. （ ）27.The division of English into Old English， Middle English， and Modern English is nonconventional and not arbitrary. （ ）28.Language reflects sexism in society. Language itself is not sexist， just as it is not obscene； but it can connote sexist attitudes as well as attitudes about social taboos or racism. （ ）29.If a child is deprived of linguistic environment， he or she is unlikely to learn a language successfully later on. （ ）30.When children learn to distinguish between the sounds of their language and the sounds that are not part of the language， they can acquire any sounds in their native language once their parents teach them. 四、名词解释题（本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分。） 31.cultural transmission （as a defining feature of human language） 32.phonic medium of language 33.voicing 34.inflectional morphemes 35.reference 36.locutionary act 37.protolanguage 38.ethnic dialect 39.registers 40.acculturation 五、论述题（本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分。） 41.Why do we say tree diagrams are more advantageous and informative than linear structure in analyzing the constituent relationship among linguistic elements Support your statement with examples. 42.Describe the process of language perception， comprehension and production. 全国2001年10月高等教育自学考试 现代语言学试题参考答案 课程代码：00830 一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分） 1.A 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.D 10.A 二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 11.social 12.complementary 13.root 14.complex 15.complementary 16.utterance 17.metathesis 18.bilingualism 19.lateralization 20.transfer 三、判断改错题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分） 21.F The contrary is true. The writing system is always a later invention. 22.T 23.F Some compounds contain more than two words. 24.T 25.F It is false because linguistic forms with the same reference might differ in sense. A case in point is the two expressions “morning star” and “ evening star.” They refer to the same star but differ in sense. 26.T 27.F The division of English into Old English， Middle English， and Modern English is conventional and somewhat arbitrary. 28.T 29.T 30.F Children first acquire the sounds found in all languages of the world， no matter what language they are exposed to ，and in later stages acquire the “ more difficult” sounds. 四、名词解释题（本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分） 31.One of the major defining features of human language.Humans are born with the ability to acquire a language， but different from animals， the actual use of human language is not genetically transmitted， rather it is culturally transmitted， i.e.it has to be taught and learnt. 32.The limited range of sounds that are used in human language communication， i.e.the speech sounds. 33.Voicing is a phonetic feature of some sounds.It is caused by the vibration of the vocal cords. 34.Inflectional morphemes are morphemes that are used to indicate the grammatrcal relations and categories，such as-ed，-（e）s，-est in English. 35.Reference is what a linguistic form refers to in the real world； it is a matter of the relationship between the form and the reality.For example ，if we say， “The dog is barking，” we must be talking about a certain dog known to both the speaker and the hearer in the situation.The actual dog the word “dog” refers to in this particular situation is the reference of the word “dog”。 36.Locutionary act refers to the act of uttering words， phrases， and clauses.It is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax， lexicon and phonology. For example， by saying “You have left the door wide open”，the locutionary act performed by the speaker is that he has uttered all the words and expressed what the words literally mean. 37.A protolanguage is the original form of a language family that has ceased to exist.The proto form can be reconstructed by identifying and comparing similar linguistic forms with similar meanings across related languages. 38.An ethnic dialect is a social dialect of a language，often cutting across regional differences. It is spoken mainly by a less privileged population that has experienced some form of social isolation， such as racial discrimination or segregation. 39.Registers are language varieties appropriate for use in particular speech situations，in contrast to language varieties that are associated with the social or regional grouping of their customary users. For this reason， registers are also known as situational dialects. 40.Acculturation refers to a process of adapting to the culture and value system of the second language community. 五、论述题（本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分） 41.In addition to revealing a linear order， a constituent structure tree has a hierarchical structure that groups words into structural constituents and shows the syntactic category of each structural constituent， and consequently is believed to most truthfully illustrate the constituent relationship among linguistic elements. For example， the phrase “ the old men and women” may have two interpretations， i.e.the adjective “old”may modify the noun “men”， or the following two nouns “men and women”。Linear order analysis cannot tell this difference， so it is ambiguous.Whereas，the constituent or tree diagrams analysis can make this difference clear.So，we say tree diagrams are more advantageous and informative than linear structure analysis. NP NP NP NP NP NP The old men and the women the old men and the old women 42.From the perspective of psycholinguistic analysis，language use in terms of perception，comprehension and production follows a certain pattern which involves the coordination of various language centers. When we speak，words are drawn from Wernicke‘s area and transferred to Broca’s area， which determines the details of their form and pronunciation.The appropriate instructions are then sent to the motor area which controls the vocal tract to physically articulate the words. When we hear something and try to comprehend it，t he stimulus from the auditory cortex is transmitted to Wernicke‘s area，where it is then interpreted. When we perceive a visual image，a message is sent to the angular gyrus，where it is converted into a visual pattern.
试 2013年4月的要吗？答案
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广东自考汉语言文学专业在考试中会涉及到一定的考题。该专业的考试内容主要包括文学基础、文学理论、文学批评、文学史、文学作品等方面的内容。考试形式一般为选择题、简答题和论述题，其中论述题所占比重较大。考试内容主要涵盖古代文学和现代文学，如《红楼梦》、《西游记》、《骆驼祥子》、《茶花女》等等。考试难度较大，需要考生具备扎实的文学功底和较高的语言表达能力。因此，考生需要在平时的学习中注重基础知识的掌握，多读文学作品，提高自己的语言表达能力和批评能力。总之，广东自考汉语言文学专业的考试内容涵盖面广，难度较大，需要考生在平时的学习中注重积累和提高自己的能力。
根据广东省自学考试院公布的信息，汉语言文学专业属于文学类专业，在自考中设置了相应的考试科目。汉语言文学专业自考科目涵盖了语言学、文学理论、中国古代文学、中国现当代文学、汉语言文字学等方面的知识。其具体考试科目包括：1.《语言学概论》：主要涵盖语言学的基本概念、语音学、语法学、语义学、语用学等内容。2.《文学理论与批评》：主要涵盖文学理论的发展历程、文学批评方法、文学流派、文学创作技巧等内容。3.《中国古代文学》：主要涵盖先秦、汉、魏晋南北朝、唐、宋、元、明、清等历史时期的中国古代文学作品和相关文化背景。4.《中国现当代文学》：主要涵盖20世纪以来的中国现当代文学作品和相关文化背景。5.《汉语言文字学》：主要涵盖汉字的起源、演变和结构，汉语的语音、语法、词汇等方面的内容。
自己自学很难考的喔，你不知道重点是哪些
你好，普通自考学习要教材大纲、练习题、历年真题、网上一些学习资料综合复习才可以。自考制定学习计划要根据你的时间考试计划来安排你的考试，时间多学习就快一些，当然也可以从网络上下载资料学习，按照教材与考试大纲相结合的方法来学习，毕竟自考需要靠自己的真实力才可以。此外就是多做一些历次的真题。自考学习以自己学习为主，主要参考教材和考试大纲加上一些网上学习资料，此外就是历年的考试真题。重点就是吃透考试大纲，用好教材，这是出题的根本，最好是在买一套模拟题做做，巩固学习成果，要制定计划花时间好好学习的。自考要靠真知识才能通过的，多努力吧总体上讲自考课程考试安排要先易后难，基础课程简单，专业课程难一些，一次考试最多报考4科，所以一次考试选择基础课程与专业课程相结合，有难有易，提高备考效率与考试信心。此外，有自考免考的课程不需要再考。
2020年自考备考已经开始，自考历年真题对考生来说是十分宝贵的资料，考前每道真题至少要做1-2遍才会事半功倍。网给大家整理了2019年4月自考《语言学概论》真题及答案解析，一起来试试吧！
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华南师范大学有自考。汉语言文学专业主要课程：语言学概论,现代汉语,古代汉语,汉语史,中国文化概论,中国古典文献学,文学文本解读,文学理论,马克思主义文论,中国现当代文学,中国古代文学,中国近代文学,民间文学,比较文学,外国文学,美学,写作,文艺心理学,文学批评,自然科学基础等。汉语言文学专业是中国大学史上最早开设的专业之一，出现于19世纪末。20世纪80年代以后，汉语言文学专业得到了很大的发展，一些师范类大学要为中学语文教学培养教师开设本专业，综合类大学在中文系或文学院也普遍设有这一专业，即使是专业性较强的学校，如中国人民公安大学，也设有中文系。一个多世纪以来，汉语言文学专业培养了一大批知名学者、教授、作家、记者、剧作家，对中国人文科学做出了极大的贡献。
第一部分 选择题 一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）在每小题列出的四个选项中只有一个选项是符合题目要求的，请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。 1.The famous quotation from Shakespeare‘s play “Romeo and Juliet” ’A rose by any other name would smell as sweet‘ well illustrates _______.（ ） A.the conventional nature of language B.the creative nature of language C.the universality of language D.the big difference between human language and animal communication 2.Of the following sound combinations， only _______ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English.（ ） A.kibl B.bkil C.ilkb D.ilbk 3.The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _______ formula “S→NP VP”。（ ） A.hierarchical B.linear C.tree diagram D.vertical 4.It is the _______ on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay adjacent to each other.（ ） A.Case Condition B.parameter C.Adjacent Condition D.Adjacent Parameter 5.Predication analysis is a way to analyze _______ meaning. A.phoneme B.word C.phrase D.sentence 6.According to Searle，those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _______.（ ） A.commisives B.directives C.expressives D.declaratives 7.The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages. A.synchronic B.diachronic C.comparative D.historical comparative 8.The way in which people address each other depends on their age， sex， social group， and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name， last name， title+last name， _______，and kin term. A.title+first name B.title+title C.title alone D.first name+last name+title 9.Language and thought may be viewed as two independent circles overlapping in some parts. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other， we may regard thought as “subvocal speech，” and speech as “_______”。（ ） A.vocal thought B.subvocal thought C.covert thought D.overt thought 10.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition _______.（ ） A.Language acquisition is a process of habit formation B.Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beings C.Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language D.Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use 第二部分 非选择题 二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分。） 11.In the course of time， the study of language has come to establish close links with other branches of s________ studies， such as sociology and psychology. 12.Clear ［1］ and dark［ ］are allophones of the same one phoneme /1/.They never take the same position in sound combinations， thus they are said to be in c________ distribution. 13.A r________ is often seen as part of a word， but it can never stand by itself although it bears clear， definite meaning. 14.A c________ sentence contains two or more clauses， one of which is incorporated in the other. 15.That the denial of one member of two words implies the assertion of the other is the characteristic of c________ antonyms. 16.While the meaning of a sentence is abstract and decontextualized， that of an u________ is concrete and context-dependent. 17.Phonological rules may move phonemes from one place in the string to another. For example， Modern English verb ask was Old English askian， with the /k/preceding the/s/.Sound change as a result of sound movement is known as m________. 18.In many societies of the world， we find a large number of people who speak more than one language. As a characteristic of societies， b________ inevitably results from the coming into contact of people with different cultures and different languages. 19.The brain‘s neurological specialization for language is called linguistic I ________， which is specific to human beings. 20.In order to acquire a second language， learners will subconsciously use their first language knowledge in learning a second language. This is know as language t________. 三、判断说明题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分。）判断下列各题正误，正者在括号内写“T”，误者在括号内写“F”，并说明理由。 （ ）21.In the history of any language the writing system always came into being before the spoken form. （ ）22.In English， long vowels are also tense vowels because when we pronounce a long vowel such as/i：/，the larynx is in a state of tension. （ ）23.A compound is the combination of only two words. （ ）24.“The student” in the sentence “The student liked the linguistic lecture.”，and “The linguistic lecture” in the sentence “The linguistic lecture liked the student.”belong to the same syntactic category. （ ）25.Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations while linguistic forms with the same reference always have the same sense. （ ）26.An important difference between presupposition and entailment is that presupposition， unlike entailment， is not vulnerable to negation. That is to say， if a sentence is negated， the original presupposition is still true. （ ）27.The division of English into Old English， Middle English， and Modern English is nonconventional and not arbitrary. （ ）28.Language reflects sexism in society. Language itself is not sexist， just as it is not obscene； but it can connote sexist attitudes as well as attitudes about social taboos or racism. （ ）29.If a child is deprived of linguistic environment， he or she is unlikely to learn a language successfully later on. （ ）30.When children learn to distinguish between the sounds of their language and the sounds that are not part of the language， they can acquire any sounds in their native language once their parents teach them. 四、名词解释题（本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分。） 31.cultural transmission （as a defining feature of human language） 32.phonic medium of language 33.voicing 34.inflectional morphemes 35.reference 36.locutionary act 37.protolanguage 38.ethnic dialect 39.registers 40.acculturation 五、论述题（本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分。） 41.Why do we say tree diagrams are more advantageous and informative than linear structure in analyzing the constituent relationship among linguistic elements Support your statement with examples. 42.Describe the process of language perception， comprehension and production. 全国2001年10月高等教育自学考试 现代语言学试题参考答案 课程代码：00830 一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分） 1.A 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.D 10.A 二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 11.social 12.complementary 13.root 14.complex 15.complementary 16.utterance 17.metathesis 18.bilingualism 19.lateralization 20.transfer 三、判断改错题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分） 21.F The contrary is true. The writing system is always a later invention. 22.T 23.F Some compounds contain more than two words. 24.T 25.F It is false because linguistic forms with the same reference might differ in sense. A case in point is the two expressions “morning star” and “ evening star.” They refer to the same star but differ in sense. 26.T 27.F The division of English into Old English， Middle English， and Modern English is conventional and somewhat arbitrary. 28.T 29.T 30.F Children first acquire the sounds found in all languages of the world， no matter what language they are exposed to ，and in later stages acquire the “ more difficult” sounds. 四、名词解释题（本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分） 31.One of the major defining features of human language.Humans are born with the ability to acquire a language， but different from animals， the actual use of human language is not genetically transmitted， rather it is culturally transmitted， i.e.it has to be taught and learnt. 32.The limited range of sounds that are used in human language communication， i.e.the speech sounds. 33.Voicing is a phonetic feature of some sounds.It is caused by the vibration of the vocal cords. 34.Inflectional morphemes are morphemes that are used to indicate the grammatrcal relations and categories，such as-ed，-（e）s，-est in English. 35.Reference is what a linguistic form refers to in the real world； it is a matter of the relationship between the form and the reality.For example ，if we say， “The dog is barking，” we must be talking about a certain dog known to both the speaker and the hearer in the situation.The actual dog the word “dog” refers to in this particular situation is the reference of the word “dog”。 36.Locutionary act refers to the act of uttering words， phrases， and clauses.It is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax， lexicon and phonology. For example， by saying “You have left the door wide open”，the locutionary act performed by the speaker is that he has uttered all the words and expressed what the words literally mean. 37.A protolanguage is the original form of a language family that has ceased to exist.The proto form can be reconstructed by identifying and comparing similar linguistic forms with similar meanings across related languages. 38.An ethnic dialect is a social dialect of a language，often cutting across regional differences. It is spoken mainly by a less privileged population that has experienced some form of social isolation， such as racial discrimination or segregation. 39.Registers are language varieties appropriate for use in particular speech situations，in contrast to language varieties that are associated with the social or regional grouping of their customary users. For this reason， registers are also known as situational dialects. 40.Acculturation refers to a process of adapting to the culture and value system of the second language community. 五、论述题（本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分） 41.In addition to revealing a linear order， a constituent structure tree has a hierarchical structure that groups words into structural constituents and shows the syntactic category of each structural constituent， and consequently is believed to most truthfully illustrate the constituent relationship among linguistic elements. For example， the phrase “ the old men and women” may have two interpretations， i.e.the adjective “old”may modify the noun “men”， or the following two nouns “men and women”。Linear order analysis cannot tell this difference， so it is ambiguous.Whereas，the constituent or tree diagrams analysis can make this difference clear.So，we say tree diagrams are more advantageous and informative than linear structure analysis. NP NP NP NP NP NP The old men and the women the old men and the old women 42.From the perspective of psycholinguistic analysis，language use in terms of perception，comprehension and production follows a certain pattern which involves the coordination of various language centers. When we speak，words are drawn from Wernicke‘s area and transferred to Broca’s area， which determines the details of their form and pronunciation.The appropriate instructions are then sent to the motor area which controls the vocal tract to physically articulate the words. When we hear something and try to comprehend it，t he stimulus from the auditory cortex is transmitted to Wernicke‘s area，where it is then interpreted. When we perceive a visual image，a message is sent to the angular gyrus，where it is converted into a visual pattern.
高考结束后，最令考生关注的便是2022年高考成绩，只有知道高考成绩才能够对接下来的志愿填报充满信心。本期我便为大家带来2022年广东卷高考答案及试卷解析汇总，希望这份广东卷高考答案及试卷解析能够帮助到各位。一、2022年高考广东卷答案及试卷解析汇总（完整版） 同学们如果想要知道自己考试成绩所对应的大学院校，可以点击文章开头或末尾处的 “输入分数，看能上的大学” ，进行查看！ 广东卷适用地区：广东。 1、2022年广东卷语文试卷及参考答案解析 （点击查看） 2、2022年广东卷数学试卷及参考答案解析 （点击查看） 3、2022年广东卷英语试卷及参考答案解析 （点击查看） 4、2022年广东卷物理试卷及参考答案解析 （点击查看） 5、2022年广东卷化学试卷及参考答案解析 （点击查看） 6、2022年广东卷生物试卷及参考答案解析 （点击查看） 7、2022年广东卷政治试卷及参考答案解析 （点击查看） 8、2022年广东卷历史试卷及参考答案解析 （点击查看） 9、2022年广东卷地理试卷及参考答案解析 （点击查看） 二、志愿填报热门参考文章 2022广东二本最低多少分？附2021年广东分数线最低的二本大学名单 广东本科分数线2022最低分数多少？附预测广东2022高考录取分数线 各大学在广东录取位次排名-广东2021高考投档分数（2022年参考）
自考00821《现代汉语语法研究》历年真题学习资料电子书
自考00821《现代汉语语法研究》历年真题学习资料电子书
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【 #自考# 导语】高等教育自学考试，简称自学考试、自考，1981年经国务院批准创立，是对自学者进行的以学历考试为主的高等教育国家考试。以下是 考 网为大家整理的《2018年4月自学考试《语言学概论》答案及解析（部分）》供您查阅。 【题干】人的大脑语言功能的临界期现在一般认为大约是()。 【选项】 A.5-6岁 B.7-8岁 C.9-10岁 D.12-13岁 【答案】D 【解析】人的大脑语言功能的临界期现在一般认为最迟大约是12-13岁。 【考点】语言与科学技术——生命科学和人的语言能力——大脑的语言功能受临界期限制 【题干】下列关于“威尔尼克失语症”的表述，不正确的一项是()。 【选项】 A.发音仍然比较准确 B.构成不完整的句子 C.仍然能听懂别人的话 D.词语之间没有联系 【答案】C 【解析】威尔尼克取受损的患者能够说出一些词语，发音也很准确，但是词语之间在意义上没有联系，构成不了完整的句子，而且患者也听不懂别人说的话。 【考点】语言与科学技术——生命科学和人的语言能力——人脑语言能力的研究成果 21.【题干】下面各项中属于词的有()。 【选项】 A.吃败仗 B.转基因 C.幼儿园 D.小女儿 E.玩游戏 【答案】BCD 【解析】词是最小的、有意义的、能够独立使用的语言单位。A属于“语”，长度相当于语法上的词组或句子，但意义和用法相对凝固的语言片段。E属于“短语”。 【考点】语汇——语汇概说——什么是语汇 22.【题干】下面各对词语中，能表现在同一语法位置上的有()。 【选项】 A.小孩-苹果 B.大-小 C.红-红色 D.写-在 E.好-衣服 【答案】ABD 【解析】能表现在同一个语法位置上词，他们是属于聚合关系，聚合关系得到的是词类。A是名词，B是形容词，D是动词。 【考点】语法——组合规则和聚合规则——词的聚合：词类 23.【题干】“老刘有三个孩子”的蕴含义可能有()。 【选项】 A.老刘没有孩子 B.老刘只有三个孩子 C.老刘有不止三个孩子 D.老刘有孩子 E.老刘没有三个孩子 【答案】BCD 【解析】蕴含义指说出的话中包含着其中某个词语的上位义或整体义，分为两种“衍推义”和“隐含义”。D为衍推义，BC为隐含义。 【考点】语用——会话准则和会话含义——蕴含义和预设义 24.【题干】医生安慰重病人说：“没什么大问题，好好回家休养”明显违反了()。 【选项】 A.赞誉准则 B.慷慨准则 C.相关准则 D.一致准则 E.质量准则 【答案】CE 【解析】为了避免患者受到损害，遵守礼貌原则，医生被迫违反了合作原则中相关原则和质量准则。 【考点】语用——会话准则和会话含义——违反会话准则产生的会话含义 25.【题干】下面各项属汉字字体演变不同阶段的有()。 【选项】 A.甲骨文 B.金文 C.小篆 D.隶书 E.繁体 【答案】ABCD 【解析】汉字大致经历了甲骨文、金文、小篆、隶书、楷书这几个不同字体的演变。 【考点】文字——汉字和汉字改革——汉字的演变 26.【题干】反义词 【答案】反义词指的是具有相反相对意义关系的一组词语，单独的一个词语无所谓反义词。 【考点】语义——词语的意义——词义的聚合关系 27.【题干】外来词 【答案】外来词也叫借词，即一种语言从外族语言中翻译或借用的词语。 【考点】语汇——词语的分类——词的分类 28.【题干】言内语境 【答案】言内语境指与话语内部的语言要素相关的语境。 【考点】语用——语境和语句的意义——语境和语句意义 29.【题干】他源文字 【答案】他源文字指借用其他文字产生和发展起来的文字。 【考点】文字——文字的演变——文字发展的规律 30.【题干】找出下面这句话的单纯词和合成词。 姑妈蹒跚着走了过来。 【答案】单纯词：蹒跚、着、走、了。 合成词：姑妈、过来。 【考点】语汇——词语的构造——词的构造形式 31.【题干】以汉语为例，说明孤立语的主要特点。 【答案】汉语作为孤立语的主要特点有： 1、不通过谓词词形变化表“时、体、态”，而是有丰富的表时态的助词(着、了、过等)、表语气的助词(的、呢、吗)等。 2、没有通过名词词形变化表“性、数、格”，而特别突出语序和虚词的作用。 3、各种实词(名、动、形等)都没有词尾标记，词类和句法成分不存在一 一对应关系。 【考点】语言和语言学——认识人类的语言——语言的性质和类型 32.【题干】简要说明多义词与同音词的差别。 【答案】现时意义有联系的是多义词，现时意义没有联系的是同音词。如“花钱”中“花”表示“耗费”，“花费”中“花”表示“可供观赏的植物”，意义之间没有任何联系，它们为同音词。“浓茶”中“浓”表示“含某种成分多”，“兴趣浓”中“浓”表示“程度深”，意义之间有联系，它们为多义词。 【考点】语汇——词语的分类——同音词和同形词 33.【题干】简要说明语言演变的不平衡性。 【答案】1、语言系统的各个组成部分与社会变化发展的联系是各不相同的。 语汇的新陈代谢最快，其次是语音，语音系统相对来说是比较稳定的。语法是语言成分的组织规则，每项语法规则都支配着整个类型的语言成分，新词语的产生和旧词语的消失一般不会立即引起语法规则的改变。 2、不平衡性还体现在统一语言现象的发展速度、发展方向在不同的地域的不一致：可能在有的地区变，在有的地区不变;或者有的地区这样变，有的地区那样变。比如汉语可能式动补结构，普通话说“打不过他”，南方方言则说“打他不过”。 【考点】语言的发展和演变——语言的产生和发展——语言的发展 34.【题干】什么是句法手段?说明下面三个例子各是通过什么句法手段表现不同的语法意义。 我的老师——我和老师 洗衣服——洗干净 客人来了——来客人了 【答案】句法手段指通过结构的变化来表现语法意义的形式，包括虚词、语类选择、语序、句调。 1、“我的老师”和“我和老师”是通过虚词来表现不同语法意义。虚词是通过使用虚词来表示一定语法意义的形式。虚词不同，语法意义不同，虚词“的”表示领属关系，“和”表示并列关系。 2、“洗衣服”和“洗干净”是通过语类选择来表现不同语法意义。语类选择是通过选择句法结构中可以组合的词类或词组的类来表示一定语法意义的形式。“洗衣服”是动宾结构，“洗干净”是动补结构。 3、“客人来了”和“来客人了”是通过语序来表现不同语法意义。语序是通过句法结构中词的位置顺序来表示一定语法意义的形式。汉语常用词语的顺序表示语法关系。“客人来了”是主谓关系，“来客人了”是动宾关系。 【考点】语法——语法形式和语法意义——语法形式的主要手段 35.【题干】从下列材料中分析汉语普通话儿化韵的作用。 头-头儿(领导) 眼-眼儿(小孔) 一点(一点钟)-一点儿 画-画儿 盖-盖儿 活-活儿 米粒-米粒儿 门缝-门缝儿 小鱼-小鱼儿 【答案】儿化韵作用主要有：区别词义、区别词类、表细小及可爱的感情 色彩。 1、第一组体现了儿化韵可以区别词义的作用。“头-头儿(领导)、眼-眼儿(小孔)、一点(一点钟)-一点儿”中只改变了词的意义，并没有改变词类。 2、第二组体现了儿化韵可以区别词类的作用。“画-画儿、盖-盖儿、活-活儿”中“画、盖、活”都是动词，“画儿、盖儿、活儿”都是名词。 3、第三组体现了儿化韵可以表细小及可爱的感情 色彩的作用。“米粒-米粒儿、门缝-门缝儿、小鱼-小鱼儿”加上儿化后，词类和词义均没有发生变化，只起到了可以表细小及可爱的感情 色彩的作用。 【考点】语音——语流音变和韵律节奏——语流音变
2020年自考备考已经开始，自考历年真题对考生来说是十分宝贵的资料，考前每道真题至少要做1-2遍才会事半功倍。网给大家整理了2019年4月自考《语言学概论》真题及答案解析，一起来试试吧！
解析
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全国2014年4月高等教育自学考试 现代语言学试题 课程代码：00830 请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。 选择题部分 注意事项： 1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。 2．每小题选出答案后，用2 B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。 Ⅰ. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and blacken the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (2% × 10=20%) 1. The fact that different sounds are used to refer to the same object in different languages well illustrates the ________ nature of language. A. cultural B. dual C. productive D. arbitrary 2. In English the two sounds [p] and [ph] are ________. A. a minimal pair B. allophones C. two phonemes D. in phonemic contrast 3. The word “decentralize” contains ________ morphemes. A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 4. A ________ sentence contains two clauses joined by a linking word, such as “and,” “but,” “or.” A. simple B. complicated C. coordinate D. complex 5. The sentence “Colorless green ideas sleep furiously” is a typical example of violation of ________. A. speech act theory B. principles of conversation C. selectional restrictions D. grammatical rules 6. The illocutionary point of the ________ is to commit the speaker to something’s being the case, to the truth of what has been said. A. expressives B. commissives C. declaratives D. representatives 7. ________ separated the period of Middle English from that of Modern English. A. The revival of Latin as a literary language B. Shakespeare’s plays and Milton’s poems C. European military invasion D. European renaissance movement 8. The following are the syntactic features of Black English EXCEPT ________. A. systematic use of “it is” instead of “there is” B. frequent absence of various forms of “be” C. use of double negation constructions D. absence of subject 9. ________ has a strikingly different view from the other three on language and thought. A. Plato B. Aristotle C. Watson D. Bloomfield 10. ________ motivation occurs when the learner desires to learn a second language as a primary means of communication in his or her own community. A. Instrumental B. Functional C. Integrative D. Social 非选择题部分 注意事项： 用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。 Ⅱ. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word on the ANSWER SHEET, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10% ) 11. Linguistics studies not any particular language, e.g., English, Chinese, Arabic, and Latin, but it studies l in general. 12. Speech sounds can be initially classified into two broad categories: vowels and c . 13. The suffix -er in the word “taller” is an i morpheme. 14. Apart from sentences and clauses, a syntactic category usually refers to a word or a phrase that performs a particular g________ function. 15. In terms of componential analysis, the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called s ________ features. 16. The u meaning of a sentence varies with the context in which it is said. 17. In general, linguistic change in the sound system and the v of a language is more noticeable than that in other systems of the grammar 18. The non-prestige variety in diglossia is called the l variety. 19. Language functions are believed to be lateralized primarily in the l hemisphere of the brain. 20. In children’s prelinguistic stage, the first recognizable sounds are described as c , with velar consonants such as /k/ and high vowels such as /u/ usually present. Ⅲ. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false on the ANSWER SHEET for each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and then give the correct version. (2%×10=20%) 21. Human language is not only genetically transmitted, but also culturally transmitted while animal call systems are genetically transmitted. 22. In broad transcription, the word “build” is transcribed as [bild]. 23. Different words have to use the same affix in order to create the same meaning change. 24. Language is a highly structured system of communication. Sentences are both linearly and hierarchically structured. 25. The meaning of a sentence is the sum total of the meanings of all its components. 26. Speech act theory was originated with the British philosopher John Searle in the late 50’s of the 20th century. 27. Syntactically, the verb of a sentence in Old English precedes, rather than follows, the subject. 28. The term pidgin originated from the pronunciation of the English word “business” in Chinese Pidgin English. 29. The language faculty of an average human degenerates after the critical period and consequently, most linguistic skills cannot develop. 30. The rate and ultimate success in SLA only depend on learners’ experience with optimal input and instruction. Ⅳ. Directions: Explain the following terms and give examples for illustration where appropriate. (3%×10=30%) 31. competence 32. phone 33. stem 34. simple sentence 35. synonymy 36. conversational implicature 37. back-formation 38. language planning 39. the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis 40. Krashen’s acquisition V. Directions: Answer the following questions. (10% ×2=20%) 41. Please illustrate with example(s) the difference between compounding and derivation. 42. Please explain dichotic listening tests with example(s).
我也考过了这个专业的。但是没必要去弄什么历年真题答案了。就是课本内容比较熟悉，课后的练习会做了，语法项目都掌握的很好，做题就有感觉了。本来有专门针对新编日语编写的练习册，但不知道你那边的书店有没卖。实际上只要前面说的做到了，就一定能通过考试的。另外，平时也要多看点阅读材料，不忽略听力，口语练习。总之就是注重积累。这样会学的比较好。