高级英语自学考试翻译单词

有很多提供10个先foreign adj 外来的conservative adj 保守的figure n 数字beneficial adj 有益的firm adj 坚定的degree n 学位drop uot v 退学violent adj 暴力的bitter j 痛苦的grain n 谷物PS：有些单词有多重含义，这里只给了一钟想学更多英语单词关注我哦

高级英语 是高等教育自学考试英语专业高级阶段(本科)的精读课，属于必考课程。以下是我整理的 高级英语 常见词汇，希望大家认真阅读! 吃顿美食说very good; 看完电影说very good; 喝杯奶茶说very good; 心情愉快说very good; 啥好都说very good! 也许你比强一点，还知道awesome. 但是，就没有别的高级表达了吗? 这不，我发愤图强学了18个awesome的同义词，感觉整个世界都亮了! 1、thriven and thro 极好的，卓越的 Thriven here appears to derive from the sense meaning ‘advanced in growth’, but thro is not found– instead it was used in the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries to mean ‘stubborn’. Together, as ‘thriven and thro’, they were an epithet used in alliterative poetry to call someone excellent. 这里thriven的含义由‘快速生长’而来，但是并没发现thro从何处演化而来——相反，在14、15、16世纪它意为‘固执的’。‘thriven and thro’放到一起，在头韵诗歌里用来称赞某人是卓越的。 2、gradely 出色的，漂亮的 Although the earliest known sense of gradely probably referred to people and meant ‘ready’or‘prompt’, by 1400 the word could be used to refer to objects – to label them awesome. You might not be understood if you said this in London or Cornwall, but it’s still wide in use in the north of England. 虽然gradely原意指人，意为“准备好的”，“迅速的”，但是到1400年时这个词就用来指物，说明某物是极好的。如果你在伦敦或者康沃尔使用这个词，人们可能无法理解你在说什么，但是在英格兰北部，这个词仍然被广泛使用。 3、eximious 优良的，卓越的 Eximious comes from Latin eximius, meaning ‘select, choice, outstanding, exceptional’. And it was common in 17th-century literature as a way of describing someone distinguished. Eximious由拉丁单词eximius演化而来，意为“精选的”、“仔细推敲的”、“杰出的”、“超常的”。Eximious形容某人卓越优秀，在十七世纪的文学中被广泛使用。 4、jelly 优秀的 Around 1560, according to current research – jelly may be related in some way to jolly, although the phonetic change has no parallel. The use is also a little different – describing someone excellent, but with a high opinion of themselves. 1560年左右，根据当时的一个报告，在某种程度上人们把jelly和jolly联系在一起，虽然两者的发音并不相同。但是jelly的用法有一点不同——他指某个人很优秀，但是主观色彩浓厚。 5、topgallant 最高的，最佳的 Originally a nautical noun, relating to the head of the topmast, the adjective later developed from this literal sense to a figurative one, to designate anything lofty or grand. Topgallant原本是一个描述航海的名词，指的是中桅的最高处。其形容词词义后来从其字面意义发展为比喻意义，指某物崇高或者伟大。 6、prestantious 卓越的 From the Latin praestāntia, meaning ‘excellence’, this adjective has the distinction of being both rare and obsolete – with only one instance recorded in the OED. Prestantious由拉丁词汇praestāntia演化而来，意为“卓越”，“优秀”。这个形容词还有“稀少的”和“老式的”的意思——仅在牛津词典中有一个收录的例子。 7、gallows 美妙的，卓越的 The earliest sense of the adjective gallows means ‘fit for the gallows’ – that is, deserving to be hanged. In the same way that wicked and bloody have come to mean their reverse, gallows became a slang adjective meaning ‘excellent ’, first found in 1789. 形容词gallows本意为‘适合绞刑架的’——也就是说应该被绞死的。Wicked和bloody的意义也与其本意相反，同样1789年俚语gallows作为“优秀的”的含义第一次被发现。 8、budgeree 绝妙的，顶好的 This Australian colloquialism dates back to the 18th century, and derives from an Aboriginal language. 这个澳大利亚方言可以追溯到18世纪，是由土著居民的语言演化而来。 9、supernacular 极好的 Particularly used to describe drinks, supernacular is the adjective equivalent of the slang noun supernaculum, meaning ‘a drink to be consumed to the last drop’. 专指酒，Supernacular是名词俚语supernaculum的形容词形式。supernaculum用来形容一饮而尽的酒。 10、jam / jam-up 极好的，卓越的 From the adverb jam or jam-up (meaning ‘closely, in close contact ’) developed the adjectival meaning ‘excellent, perfect, thorough’, in colloquial use. One could thus, conceivably, jam up jam-up jam, if you were stacking shelves of awesome strawberry preserve. 在口语中，该词由副词jam或者jam-up(意为‘亲密的，紧密联系’)演化为形容词，意为‘卓越的，完美的，详尽的’。 11、boss 卓越的，精巧的 The adjective boss, meaning ‘excellent, masterly’, developed earlier than one might imagine from attributive use of the noun in collocation with occupational titles, e.g. ‘boss shoemaker’, ‘boss carpenter’, etc.— the first truly adjectival use recorded in the OED is from 1881: ‘No country in the world could make such a boss-show as the United States.’ 形容词boss意为‘卓越的，精巧的’，其发展历史要比其作为名词定语，置于职业名称之前的历史还要长。例如，‘卓越的制鞋匠’，‘卓越的木匠’等。据牛津词典记载，boss第一次作为形容词使用是在1881年：‘世界上没有任何一个国家可以像美国一样做出如此卓越的表演。’ 12、fizzing 卓越的 Many verbs have come to have an adjectival slang sense of ‘excellent’ – such as ripping, topping, and rattling. Fizzing is another example. 许多动词的形容词都有一层俚语含义，意为‘卓越的’。例如，ripping、topping、和rattling。Fizzing 也是一个例子。 13、bad 好的，令人敬畏的 Bad can, of course, be the antonym of awesome, but its slang use to mean ‘good’ is well-known – popularized by the 1987 Michael Jackson song ‘Bad’. 可想而知，bad是awesome的反义词，但是迈克尔·杰克逊的歌曲‘Bad’，使bad作为‘好的，令人敬畏的’的含义为众人所知晓。 14、deevy 极好的 Deevy is an alteration of divvy, which is (in turn) a slang abbreviation of divine. Early uses cited in OED include examples from the works of Elinor Glyn, Vita Sackville West, and E.F. Benson. Deevy是divvy的变形，divvy是divine的俚语缩写形式。其早期的用法在牛津词典中有所提及。 15、v.g. 极好的 V.g. – as an initialism for ‘very good’ – may well not be new to you, but you might be surprised to find that it’s been part of the English language since at least as far back as the 1860s. V.g.是‘very good’的首字母缩略词–这可能对你来说并不新奇，但是你会很惊讶的发现至少从19世纪60年代以来，v.g.就已经是组成英语的一部分了。 16、bosker 极好的 This Australian and New Zealand slang adjective, of unknown origin, also appears in the form boscar and boshter. More familiar will be the similar bonzer (also meaning ‘extremely good’), which – it has been suggested – may be an alteration of bonanza. Bosker是澳大利亚和新西兰的形容词俚语，出处不明，也以boscar和boshter的形式出现。我们可能更加熟悉bonzer(也意为‘极好的’)，据说它是bonanza的变形。 17 jake 卓越的 This originally American adjective is now used further afield. If you want some alternatives, Australian and New Zealand slang have jakeloo, jakealoo, and jakerloo. Jake作为一个美国的形容词，现在在更加广泛的地区使用，如果你要找一些jake的替代词，澳大利亚和新西兰俚语中的jakeloo, jakealoo,和jakerloo都是不错的选择。 18、bodacious 极好的 Although dating back to the 19th century with the sense ‘complete, thorough’, this adjective later appeared in American slang as a synonym for awesome. The word was greatly popularized by the teen film Bill and Ted’s Excellent Adventure (1989). 上溯到19世纪，bodacious意为‘完全的，整个的’，后来这个形容词作为awesome的同义词出现在美国俚语中。《比尔和泰德历险记》使bodacious这个词开始流行。

lesson4 自己选择死亡方式 Lesson Four Die as You Choose 制定关于安乐死的法律已经到了不能再回避的地步。 The need for laws on euthanasia cannot be dodged for much longer. 在世界上某个较小的国家里，安乐死被医疗机构普遍接受，每年都有数千例公开实施。 In one of the world's smaller countries， mercy-killing is accepted by the medical establishment and openly practiced a few thousand times each year. 而在某个世界大国，安乐死虽然经常受到医疗机构的公开谴责，每年却以数倍于此的次数秘密实施，且从未公之于众。 In one of the world's biggest countries， euthanasia is condemned by the medical establishment， secretly practiced many times more often， and almost never comes to light. 但是，在上述那个国家有医生因为实施安乐死而在监狱里服刑呢？ Which of these countries has a mercy-killing doctor now languishing in its jails？ 是在小国荷兰。荷兰制定了有关安乐死的法律，能有效地管理它。 It is the small one， Holland， which has rules for euthanasia and so can police it effectively. 那位荷兰的医生违反了他国家的规定。 The Dutch doctor broke his country's rules. 有关安乐死的问题在所有国家都存在，决不仅出现在美国这个禁止安乐死的大国。 There is a moral here for all the countries， and not just for the big death-forbidding country， America. 目前美国正再次展开有关安乐死的辩论。 Right now it is going over the arguments about euthanasia once again. 美国医学协会会刊1月份发表了一封非同寻常的来信。一位医生在信中宣称自己按照病人的意愿，杀死了一位身患癌症的20岁女孩。 In January the Journal of the American Medical Association published a bizarre letter， in which an anonymous doctor claimed to have killed a 20-year-old cancer patient at her own request. 这件事引起了一场辩论，而这场辩论将轰轰烈烈地持续到秋季，那时加利福尼亚州可能会就一项使安乐死合法化的法律进行投票表决。 This started a debate that will rumble on into the autumn， when Californians may vote on a proposed law legalizing euthanasia. 这封信可能是为了起到引发争论的效果，内容并不可信。 The letter was probably written for polemical impact. It is scarcely credible. 是作者自己在信中声称他（或她）第一次与那位得了癌症的病人见面，听到病人说出5个字——“让我去死吧”——然后就杀了她。 It's author claims that he met the cancer patient for the first time， heard five words from her – “Let's get this over with” – then killer her. 即使是极端的安乐死支持者也不赞成在这种情况下采取如此做法。 Even the most extreme proponents of euthanasia do not support such an action in those circumstances. 然而，医疗上出现的可怕事件如洪水猛兽一般，并不比安乐死的情况更好。它们无疑会在英美以及其他国家中继续肆虐，几乎成了令人恐怖的常规。 Yet medical monstrosities that are hardly any better undoubtedly continue， almost as a matter of macabre routine， in America， Britain and many other countries. 一些医生私下透露他们有时会故意杀死病人，这样的情况非常普遍，令人担忧。 It is disturbingly easy to find doctors who will say， in private， that they sometimes kill patients on purpose. 多数医生说他们知道其他医生也有同样的行为，但是因为即使在病人乞求他们的时候，医生也几乎不能与病人公开讨论安乐死，因此医生往往倾向于仅在要死的人处于垂危昏迷之际而无法表达是否同意安乐死时，才结束其生命。 Most say that know somebody else who does. But because they can rarely discuss euthanasia openly with patients – even when those patients beg them for it – doctors tend to kill only when the dying are too far gone to consent. 由于自愿要求安乐死受到禁止，就只能由医生自行作出决定了，病人会在夜间受到药物注射而非自愿地离开人世。 Thus， because voluntary euthanasia is taboo， a doctor makes the decision himself – and the patient is killed involuntarily in the night with a syringe. 这是不使安乐死公开的代价。 That is one price of keeping euthanasia secret. 如果所有形式的安乐死都是错误的，那就应该统统列入禁止之列。 If all forms of mercy-killing are wrong， they should remain taboo. 可情况果真如此吗？ But are they？ 许多人都认为依靠医学技术来延续生命带给人的痛苦是令人悲哀、可憎可恶的，完全不顾人的尊严，因此被动的安乐死——让病人自行死亡——被人们普遍接受。 Because many people accept that it is sad， undignified and gruesome to prolong the throes of death will all the might of medical technology， passive euthanasia – letting patients die – is widely accepted. 美国大多数州都有关于“活遗嘱”的法规，为医生提供保护。如果医生没有尽力救助曾声明不想延续生命的病人，不会为此受到起诉。 Most American states have “living – will” legislation that protects doctors from prosecution if they do not try to save someone who has said he does not want life prolonged. 主动的安乐死——杀死病人——却依然争论颇多。 Active euthanasia – killing – remains controversial. 将人杀死与让人死亡之间的界线还能维持多久呢？ How long can the distinction between killing and letting die hold out？ 正如因未履行某种职责受到处罚一样，人也可能因干了某事而不受责难。 Just as there can be culpable omissions， so too can there be blameless acts. 让我们从道德伦理著作中举例说明。假定一个人会从某个孩子的死亡中获益，当这个孩子在浴缸中撞伤头部而失去知觉时，那个人视而不见，任其溺水身亡。 Suppose – to take an example from the moral philosophy books – that a man stands to gain from the death of a certain child. The child strikes his head in the bath and falls unconscious. The man sits down and watches him drown. 虽然这个人什么都没有做，但他并不能因此开脱罪责。 The fact that the man has performed no action does not excuse him. 同样，再假设为了缩短而不是延长死亡到来的时间，医生终止某种治疗是无可指责的做法，那么如果这位医生使用足够的镇痛剂致使病人死亡，他就一定大错特错吗？ Similarly， suppose that a doctor does no wrong by withholding some treatment in order that death should come sooner rather than later. Is he then necessarily wrong if he administers enough painkillers to kill？ 这位医生采取了某种行动，而不是未尽某种职责，这会使他有罪吗？ Does the fact that the doctor performed an action， rather than an omission， condemn him？ 许多医生一直在为解除病人临终前的痛苦而奋斗着。他们认为在病人请求安乐死时，根本无法截然区分被动与主动的安乐死。 Many doctors working on the battlefield of terminal suffering think that only squeamishness demands a firm difference between passive and active euthanasia on request. 他们赞成医生杀死病人的理由是：医生的职责之一就是使病人免遭痛苦，这是医生所做的全部事情，而杀死病人则是做到这一点的惟一办法。 Their argument for killing goes like this： one of a doctor's duties is to prevent suffering； sometimes that is all there is left for him to do， and killing is the only way to do it. 这个观点并不新颖。当希波克拉底为医生制定信条的时候，曾明确禁止安乐死，而多数其他希腊医生和思想家都不赞成这一禁令。 There is nothing new in this view. When Hippocrates formulated his oath for doctors， which explicitly rules out active killing， most other Greek doctors and thinkers disagreed with his ban. 前事不忘，后事之师。 Let the past be a guide. 有人认为死亡的时间是上帝安排的，任何人不得缩短他人的生命，然而假如一位病人的人生观使其接受安乐死，那么人们不禁要问：为什么其他人还要用不同的宗教观念去干预其死亡呢？ Some people believe that the time of death is appointed by God and that no man should put the clock back on another. Yet if a patient's philosophical views embrace euthanasia， it is not clear why the religious objections of others should intrude on his death. 另一个令人担忧问题是，有关安乐死的法律体系允许医生在规定的情况下按照垂死病人的请求实施安乐死，就可能为杀人首开先例，从而危害社会。 Another worry is that a legal framework for euthanasia， permitting a doctor to comply with a dying man's request in a prescribed set of circumstances， might pose dangers for society by setting a precedent for killing. 这个问题取决于社会。 That depends on the society. 尽管有不同意见，荷兰对建立这样的法律体系已经准备就绪。 Holland， arguably， is ready for it. 当年就是荷兰医生英勇无比地顶住了压力，拒绝参与使安乐死声名狼藉的纳粹用人体进行医学实验的暴行，这恐怕不是巧合。 It is probably no coincidence that it was Dutch doctors who most heroically resisted pressure to join in the Nazi medical atrocities that have given euthanasia its worst name. 这些医生对个人自由坚定不移的尊重使他们没有杀害渴望活下去的健康人。今天正是同样的精神又使他们去帮助不愿活下去的垂危病人。 The same tenacious respect for individual liberty that stopped them killing healthy people， who did not want to die， now lets them help dying people who do. 与之相反，西德在未来相当长的时间里都无法使任何形式的安乐死合法化。 West Germany， by contrast， will not be able to legalize any form of euthanasia for a long time to come. 由于历史的阴影反对安乐死的力量异常强大，在那些近年来自由意志的传统未受任何干扰的国家里，为自愿安乐死制定有限的规定并不会使人们产生太多的恐惧。 Opposition is too fierce， because of the shadow of the past. Countries with an uninterrupted recent libertarian tradition have less to fear from setting some limited rules for voluntary euthanasia. 拒绝讨论这个问题会使情况更加糟糕。 By refusing to discuss it， they usher in something worse.

高级英语学习的重点已从基本的英语语音，词汇，语法的掌握上升到：一、 阅读理解及词汇应用：能够区分、应用同、近义词；很好地理解文章的主题与内容。二、 提高英语的表达能力：学员应能用英语解释英语难句，进行有一定难度的英汉互译，用英语对文章内容进行归纳，并对文章进行简要的分析、评论。高级英语学习方法学习时应该注意下列一些方面：首先，牢记教材是根本。以前，教材单调，教辅条件简陋，照样培养出学贯东西的语言大师来。现在英语读物多了，时尚的学习工具多了，英语并没有变得容易学了。究其原因是人们的心态变了，变得浮躁了。对什么都这山望着那山高，今天这个时髦得学习方法，明天那本最新教材。殊不知一切方法都建立在一定的基础上的，一个人的兴趣、悟性、修行没有到达那个层面，再美好的东西跟你也是无缘。而且从高级英语考试大纲规定来看，以教材为本这一思想也是显而易见的，试卷中60%分值的题目都是根据教材中课文内容设计的。其次，要培养自己对教材中三十二篇课文的兴趣和热爱。这些课文不但是帮助我们学好英文语言知识，而且帮助我们学到很多为人处世的道理。通过精读、熟记这些课文，不但可以扩大词汇量、掌握许多句型结构，而且在与他人交谈时不再是只会一点‘乒乓英语’ —— 几个来回，‘短平快’就说不下去了，而是能够使自己说的话既有深度，又有广度，同时有能通过《高级英语》自学考试。以后，我们谈到摇滚不只会说‘闹心’，谈到电视只会说‘费时’，谈到国际政治只会说‘虚伪’，而是可以做到探讨每一个话题的多个方面。