切尔西爱吃鱼
Unit4（第11讲—第13讲） 3. Meaningfulness affects memory at all levels. affect 是动词，意思是“影响”。常常会有一些英语学习者把动词affect和名词effect混淆，请注意下面的句子： 1） The drought would surely affect the harvest.（这场干旱肯定会影响到收成。） 2） Excessive smoking affected his health， bad coughs often made it difficult to breathe.（过度吸烟影响了他的健康，严重的咳嗽使他难以呼吸。） 3） Psychologists believe that colors have a definite effect on people.（心理学家认为颜色对人肯定有影响。） 4） We could all see the effects of the illness on him.（我们都能看出那场病在的身上的影响。） 5） 职务的变化使他的收入大受影响。（The change in position greatly affected his income.） 6） 他的话对听众没有任何影响作用。（What he said had little effect on the audience.） 4. Information that doesn't make any sense to you is difficult to remember. that引导的定语从句修饰information； 主句是Information is difficult to remember. 不定式to remember 用在做表语用的形容词后面作状语。请看下面的句子： 1） Einstein was easy to get along with.（爱因斯坦很容易相处。） 2） To many foreigners， Chinese is hard to learn.（对许多外国人来说汉语很难学。） 3） The water in this river is not fit to drink.（这条河里的水不适合饮用。） 4） This question is very difficult to answer.（这个问题很难回答。） make sense 的意思是“有意义；可理解”。请看下面的句子： 1） No matter how you read it， this sentence doesn't make any sense to me.（无论你怎么读，我都不理解这个句子。） 2） What the writer wanted to express in his book doesn't make any sense to the readers.（读者们无法理解作者在书中所要表达的意思。） 3） His explanation makes no sense to his students.（学生们不理解他的解释。） 5. Organization also makes a difference in our ability to remember. 动词不定式to remember在句中做定语，修饰名词ability.请看下面的句子： 1） You should have confidence in your ability to fulfill the task.（你们应对自己完成认务的能力有信心。） 2） He has kept the promise to come early in the morning.（他遵守了一大早来的诺言。） 3） They have the determination to overcome all the difficulties.（他们有克服所有困难的决心。） 4） We could see her anxiety to solve the problem.（我们能看出她急于解决这个问题。） make a difference 的意思是“有关系；有影响；起作用”。请看下面的句子： 1） What he said would not make any difference in my decision-making.（他说的话不会对我做决定产生任何影响。） 2） Your participation in the work will make a great difference.（你参与我们的工作，情况就不一样了。） 3） Money won't make much difference to him.（钱对他起不了多大作用。） 4） I didn't like the appearance of the house， but the location and price made all the difference.（我不喜欢那房子的外观，但它的位置和价格起了重要作用。） 6. Material that is organized is better remembered than jumbled information. 句中的better是副词well的比较级形式，意思是“更好地”。请看下面的句子： 1） This story is better written than that one.（这个故事写得比那个好。） 2） This room is better furnished than that one.（这间屋子装饰得比那间好。） 3） This team is better trained than that one.（这个队训练得比那个队好。） 4） This job is better paid than that one.（这份工作的报酬比那份高。） information是一个不可数名词，不能在其后加“-s”。请看例句： 1） There are many ways of obtaining information.（获得信息的途径很多。） 2） So far I haven't got any information about the game.（我至今还没有得到有关比赛的任何消息。） 3） I am sure this piece of information will be of great value to them.（我肯定这一消息对他们会很有价值。） 7. Chunking consists of grouping separate bits of information. 在第一单元的Text B中我们已经对consist of有所了解。这一词组的意思是“由…组成”，它与be made up of；be composed of 的意思相近，但consist of 不用被动语态。请看例句： 1） The United States consists of 50 states.（美国由50个州组成。） 2） The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.（英国由大不立颠和北爱尔兰组成。） 3） Their team is made up of 6 team members.（他们队由6名队员组成。） 4） Our class is made up of 45 students.（我们班由45名同学组成。） a bit在句中的意思是“一点，一些”，它可以用在形容词的前面， 但是不能用在名词的前面。在名词前面必须用a bit of.请看下面的例句： 1） I am a bit tired today.（我今天有点累。） 2） He said he was bit hungry.（他说他有点饿。） 3） Your article is a bit long for our paper. （你的文章对我们的报纸来说有点长了。） 4） He gave the bird a bit of water. （他给了鸟儿一点水。） 5） I would appreciate it if you could give me a bit of good advice.（如果你能给我一点宝贵建议我会很感激的。） 6） I only know a bit of Spanish. （我只懂一点点西班牙语。） 8. Categorizing is another means of organization. 句中的means是一个名词，意思是“方式；手段”，它不是动词mean的第三人称单数。请看下面的例句： 1） The quickest means of travel is by plane. （最快的旅行方式是乘飞机。） 2） Bicycle is the most convenient means of transport. （自行车是最方便的交通工具。） 3） Email is a modern means of communication. （电子邮件是一种现代通讯方式。） 4） He means what he says. （他说话算数。） 5） Forgetting the past means betrayal. （忘记过去就意味着背叛。） 9. Many people will group them into similar categories and remember them as follows： group into在句中的意思是“把…分组；把…归类”。请看例句： 1） We can group the animals into several types. （我们可以把这些动物归成几类。） 2） Group the words into similar categories and they will be more easily to remember.（把类型相似的单词归类，记起来就更容易了。） as follows 的意思是“如下”，请看例句： 1） The full text reads as follows： （全文如下：） 2） The results are as follows： （结果如下：） 10. Association refers to taking the material we want to remember and relating it tosomething we remember accurately. refer to这一词组的意思很多，我们在单词部分已做过讲解。该词组在本句中的意思是“涉及；指”。请看下面的句子： 1） In the second chapter I will refer to this point again.（在第二章中，我还会提到这一点的。） 2） The numbers in my article refer to the footnotes.（我文章中的数目字指的是注脚。） 3） The author referred to his grandfather several times in his story.（作者在他的故事中几次提到他的祖父。） we want to remember 和we remember accurately都是省略了that的定语从句，前者修饰material，后者修饰something.请看例句： 1） The book you gave me is very interesting.（你给我的那本书很有趣。） 2） The news he told me disturbed all of us greatly.（他告诉我的那个消息使我们大家深感不安。） 3） The information you gathered is of great help to me.（你收集的那些信息对我很有帮助。） 句子中的it指的是the material.relate…to 在句子中的意思是“与…有关系”，请看例句： 1） His talk mainly related to environmental protection.（他的讲话主要是关于环境保护的。） 2） This regulation relates only to children under 12.（这一规则仅适用于12岁以下儿童。） 11. Research has shown striking improvements in many types of memory tasks when people are asked to visualize the items to be remembered. striking在句子中做形容词用，意思是“显著的，引人注目的”，请看例句： 1） They made a striking commercial success within 5 years.（在5年的时间里，他们在商业上取得了惊人的成功。） 2） Helen's facial features bore a striking resemblance to her mother's.（海伦的面部特征与她的母亲十分相像。） 3） I am not sure whether he can make it this time. I just feel he has a striking lack of confidence.（我不能确定他这次能否成功，其只是觉得他明显信心不足。） to be remembered不定式的被动形式做定语，修饰the items.请看例句： 1） There are a lot of things to be done.（有很多事要做。） 2） Are you going to the press conference to be held this weekend？（你准备参加本周末举行的记者招待会吗？） 3） This was the first project to be designed John's brother. （这是约翰的哥哥设计的第一个工程。） 12. In one study， subjects in one group were asked to learn some words using imagery， while the second group used repetition to learn the words. subject在本句中做名词用，意思是“受试者，实验对象”。Subject这个词的词义很多，请看例句，注意subject的词义： 1） The subject of today's discussion is “Population and Education”。（今天讨论的题目是“人口与教育”。） 2） The teacher explained in details the subject of the story to the whole class.（老师把故事的主题详细讲给全班同学听。） 3） How many subjects are you taking this semester？（这学期你选几门课？） 4） He became the subject for ridicule.（他成了人们取笑的对象。） 5） Rabbits and mice are often subjects for medical experiments.（兔和鼠常被用作医学实验的对象。） 6） He is a Chinese subject.（他是中国国民。） 7） This sentence doesn't have a subject.（这个句子没有主语。） subject还常常做动词或形容词用，请看例句： 1） The country was once subjected to foreign rule.（这个国家曾一度受外国统治。） 2） Taipei was subjected to serious earthquakes last year.（台北去年遭受了严重的地震灾害。） 3） We are all subject to the laws of nature.（我们都要受自然规律的支配。） 4） The child is very subject to coughs.（这孩子动不动就咳嗽。） 5） All men are subject to death.（人总有一死。） while 在句子中做连词用，意思是“而，然而”。while也是一个多义词，请注意下面例句中while 的意思： 1） Strike while the iron is hot.（趁热打铁。） 2） He listened to the radio while he was doing his homework.（他一边听收音机，一边做作业。） 3） He is talkative while his twin brother is of few words.（他很健谈，而他的孪生兄弟则少言寡语。） 4） While the old man is respected， he is not well liked.（这个老人很受尊敬，但不太受喜欢。） 5） You will succeed sooner or later while you don't lose heart.（只要你不失去信心，你迟早会成功。） using imagery分词做状语，表示方式，请看例句： 1） They stood there waiting for the bus. 2） She had to work standing up. 13. Thus forming an integrated image with all the information placed in a single mental picture can help us to preserve a memory. 划线部分是该句的主要成分，forming an integrated image动名词短语做主语，can help做谓语，us to preserve a memory做复合宾语。 斜体部分是一个“with + 名词 + 过去分词”的独立结构，做方式状语，修饰动名词短语forming an integrated image. 不定式与名词或代词构成复合结构，做动词宾语的现象在英语中很常见，在前几讲中我们也遇到过。再请看几个例句： 1） Would you like Tom to go with you？（你愿意汤姆和你一起去吗？） 2） He wants you to see him in the afternoon.（他想让你下午去见他。） 3） Father encouraged him to study harder.（父亲鼓励他更加努力学习。） 4） I will get someone to help you.（我去找个人来帮你。） “with + 名词 + 过去分词”的独立结构在英语中也很常见，请看例句： 1） With the problem solved， the plan is going on smoothly.（随着这个问题的解决，计划正顺利进行。） 2） Standing there is a torture to her， with so many eyes fixed on her.（这么多人注视着她，于她而言，站在那儿是一种折磨。） 本课主要词组及句型 词组： 1. focus on 2. a number of 3. at all levels 4. make sense 5. make a difference 6. in random order 7. consist of 8. group into 9. as follows 10. needless to say 11. refer to 12. relate…to 13. associate with 14. compare with 句型： A.定语从句 1） Psychological research has focused on a number of basic principles that helps memory. 2） Information that does not make any sense to you is difficult to remember 3） There are several ways in which we can make material more meaningful. 4） Material that is organized is better remembered than jumbled information. 5） Association refers to taking the material we want to remember and relating it to something we remember accurately. B. 动名词做主语 1） Chunking consists of grouping separate bits of information. 2） Categorizing is another means of organization. 3） Forming an integrated image with all the information placed in a single mental picture can help us to preserve a memory. Text B Short-term Memory 短语表达 1. at a later time Go ahead with your work， I will give you a call at a later time. I am not sure if I can remember all this at a later time. 2. in contrast （with / to） Helen is very talkative. In contrast， her elder sister is silent. His rudeness was in striking contrast with Jack's thoughtfulness. 3. look up I don't remember Tom's telephone number， will you please look it up in the telephone book for me？ Look up the dictionary for the meaning of this new word. 4. be unable to I am really sorry that I was unable to give you a call beforehand. He was unable to provide us with more information. 5. be released from He was released from prison after he had been kept there for 5 years. He was released from a hospital last week after treatment for a disease. 6. be rewarded with The winner was rewarded with gift of fruit and flowers. If the rat could find the right door， it would be rewarded with food.
下雨不流泪
Unit22（第65讲—第67讲） 19. positive adj. 确定的；积极地，肯定地 positively adv. 确定地，明确地；积极地，肯定地 1） He was frightened by the results of his blood test， for all tested items show positive reactions.（验血结果把他吓坏了，每一个项目都显示阳性反应。） 2） I'm positive about it.（对这点我有绝对把握。） 3） They longed for a positive answer.（他们渴望得到肯定的答复。） 4） You should adopt a more positive attitude toward life.（对生活你应该采取更积极的态度。） 5） He never answered my questions positively.（他从不肯定地回答我的问题。） 20. aspect n. 方向；外表 1） They considered the plan in all its aspects.（他们全面地考虑了这一计划。） 2） His face had a frightening aspect.（他的脸色很吓人。） 21. emerge v. 出现 1） The sun emerged from behind a cloud.（太阳从云朵后面出来了。） 2） Different ideas have emerged.（不同意见出现了。） 3） A modern industrial city is now emerging.（一个现代化的工业城市正在兴起。） 本课简介 人人都知道健康的重要，但人们对于参加健身活动的态度如何呢？本文作者通过许多具体的事例告诉我们，人们对于参加健身活动有许多认识上的误区，因而有必要重新审视自己在这一问题上的态度和做法。 人们对于健康活动有哪些看法呢？一些学生认为，留出时间来健身是浪费时间，健身活动并不比学打桥牌对他更有用，学业和前程才是最重要的。还有人认为健身固然重要，但实在没有时间健身。也有人说自己已经够健康了，保持现状应该没有问题。另外有些人则抱怨没有运动设施，也无法从他人那儿得到什么帮助，或者觉得运动后的浑身汗味令他们不舒服。 以上种种皆是不愿意进行健身活动的人们的看法，那么对于那些原意进行健身活动的人们来说，他们的认识和做法也并非没有问题。有人说，我跑步是因为宿舍里的每一个人都在晚上跑步。也有人说，我运动时每消耗3500卡热量就能减掉一磅体重，圣诞节前我只有十磅要减了。还有人说，这个周末天气凉爽，星期六看来是个好日子。另外，健身只是为了长寿也是常见的看法。 你的认识是否类似于上述某种观点？请记住健康虽不一定保证长寿，但能有助于你快乐地生活每一天。 本课主要语言点 1. Recently we were told by a student that setting aside time for improving his physical fitness would be a total misuse of his working hours. that引导的是一个宾语从句，在这个从句中，动名词短语setting aside time…做主语，此类结构在英语中很常见。如： 1） He told me that getting up early in the morning was hard for him.（他告诉我早起对他来说很困难。） 2） The teacher said that cheating on exams was on the increase in many schools.（那位老师说在许多学校考试作弊现象在增长。） 3） My brother told me that setting up his own company would not be totally impossible.（我兄弟对我说建立他自己的公司并不是一件完全不可能的事。） set aside 意思是to reserve or keep sth. for a special use or purpose （留出、拨出）；set aside也可表示overturn（驳回、取消），disregard（不顾）。如： 1） He decided to set aside 50 yuan every month so that he could buy a used bike.（他打算每个月留出50块钱以便能买辆二手自行车。） 2） His parents asked him to set aside 30 minutes every morning reading English.（他父母要求他每天早晨留出30分钟读英语。） 3） The government set aside thirteen per cent of the money for health and education.（政府拨出这笔钱地百分之十三用于健康和教育。） 4） The original verdict was eventually set aside by the Supreme Court.（原先地裁决最终被法庭驳回。） 5） We must set aside all formality and another try.（我们必须不拘形式再试一次。） a / the misuse of sth.意思是 use sth. in an incorrect or improper manner（误用、滥用）。如： The misuse of company assets brought about heavy losses.（滥用公司财产造成了严重损失。） 在词汇部分我们讲到mis-是一个前缀，常指things being done badly or wrongly. 如：understand-misunderstand ， print-misprint等等。 2. He assured us that he would be no better served by a fitness program than by learning to play bridge. 本句中地no是一个副词，用在副词比较级地前面，表示“并不、毫不”。no也可以在形容词比较级地前面。如：no more than， no less than， no longer than，no farther than 等等。 1） I could no more play piano than you.（我和你一样不会弹钢琴。） 2） This place is no better than slum.（这地方与贫民窟差不多。） better是副词well的比较级形式，served是个过去分词，可用作形容词，如： better organized， better prepared， better managed等等。 assure是个及物动词，意思是“使确信、使放心”，主要用法是： 1） assure sb. of sth. He assured me of the feasibility of the plan.（他使我确信这个计划是可行的。） 2） assure sb. that…… I assured my mother that I would handle the problem.（我向母亲保证我能处理这个问题。） 请注意区别assure，ensure，insure和secure这四个动词。 assure指以十分肯定的语气向别人保证某事一定发生，多用assure sb. of / that在结构中；ensure意为确保某种行动或动因的结果一定会发生，后面可以跟sth.或that从句，但不能带双宾语；insure意思是“给…保险”；secure的意思是make safe（使安全）。 1） He assured me that Dr. Baker would come.（他向我保证贝克博士会来。） 2） To ensure the child's quick recovery， the doctor gave him three different medicines.（为了保证孩子尽快康复，医生给了他三种不同的药物。） 3） The house is insured against fire.（这房子保了火灾险。） 4） They tried their best to secure the bridge from further attack.（他们尽力保护桥梁免受进一步的攻击。） 3. College and his preparation for a career were his only priorities.请注意区prepare 和prepare for的区别。 prepare sb. or sth. 指make them ready for an event or action that will happen in the future，如： We have to prepare our lessons carefully.（我们得仔细备课。） prepare for an event or action指get oneself ready for it； make plans for it so that it and prepared when it happens， 如： The children washed out hands and prepared for the meal.（孩子们洗好手准备吃饭。） 名词preparation通常用在短语make preparations for和in preparation for当中，如： 1） They were making preparations for the old man's funeral.（他们在为老人的葬礼做准备。） 2） We will have to collect new material in preparation for the experiment.（我们得收集新资料为实验作准备。） priority指 give priority to和 take / has priority当中。如： 1）This project has priority over all others.（这个项目比所有其他项目都更受重视。） 2）Education is given first priority in their family.（教育在他们家是予以先考虑的问题。） 4. This student has seen being physically fit as an end rather than the means we know it to be. see sth. as意思是“把…看作为”，我们以前学过不少类似的短语，如：regard…as，look upon…as，think of…as，view…as等等。 being physically fit意思是“身体健康”。 an end rather than the means意思是“是一种目的而不是达到目的的方法”。 rather than意思是“而不是”。 1）He was seen as the most capable person in the company.（人们认为他是公司最能干的人。） 2）We saw her silence as consent.（我们把她的沉默看作为同意。） 3）To be physically fit is our greatest wish for grandfather.（身体健康是我们对爷爷的希望。） 4）You need to do more exercise if you want to be physically fit.（如果你想身体健康，就需要进行更多的锻炼。） 5）He came all the way to China for promoting friendship rather than for making money.（他千里迢迢来到中国不是为了赚钱，而是为了增进友谊。） 5. His opinion is one of the many feelings， pro or con， that people hold about their personal involvement in a physical fitness program. pro和con在本句中作形容词用，pro的意思是for（赞成），con的意思是against（反对）。pro or con在句子中作后置定语，修饰名词feeling.后置定语在英语中也很常见。如： 1） Countries， big or small， should be equal.（国家无论大小都是平等的。） 2） He studied in a room， clean and tidy.（他在干净整齐的房间里学习。） （在上述例句中，两个成对的或反对的形容词，用and或or连接，共同修饰一个名词。这是形容词作后置定语的一种用法。） 1）The active involvement of thousands of people in the election campaign surprised him.（成千上万的人积极参与竞选活动令他惊奇。） 2） He avoids involvement in politics.（他避免卷入政治。） 6. Certainly some of there individuals may have physical limitations that make activity extremely difficult， and others are engaged in time-consuming activities that until finished do not permit opportunities for recreation. that make activity extremely difficult是一个定语从句，修饰physical limitations. Be engaged in sth. 意思是be involved in sth.（使从事，使忙于），如： 1）They were engaged in the study of soil conservation.（他们在从事土壤保持的研究。） 2） It is inappropriate for him to engage in this activity.（他从事这一活动是不合适的。） 7.…I'll have no difficulty staying that way. have （no） difficulty doing sth.（做某事有/无困难），也可以用have （no） trouble doing sth.。如： 1）He has no difficulty understanding the Chinese film.（看懂那部中国电影他没有困难。） 2）I had a lot of trouble getting back to sleep after I answered the phone call.（接过电话后，我无法再入睡。） 8.…you may have made a commitment to a physical fitness program that might be rather narrow in scope. make （a） commitment to 意思是make a firm promise（作出），或者involvement（投入）。 Narrow in scope意思是范围很窄，很狭隘。我们接触过在形容词后面加介词in再加名词的机构，如similar in appearance（外表相像）。 9.What could I achieve if I were really in top physical condition？ 本句中用了虚拟语气，从句中用过去时（be动词用were），主句中用could或should / would / might加动词原形，表示的是与现在事实相反的假设，如： 1）If he were on time， we wouldn't have to wait for him.（如果他能准时，我们就不用等他了。） 2） If they had time now， they would come to see us.（如果他们现在有时间，他们就来看我们了。） in top physical condition 意思是“身体很健康”。如： The old man is in top （very good， excellent…） physical condition though he is already 76.（老人虽已七十六岁，但身体非常健康。） 10. In the final analysis， we think that although fitness will not guarantee that you will live longer， it can help you enjoy the years you do live. in the final analysis意思是ultimately（归根结底），如： They realized in the final / last analysis that their job was to tell public the facts.（他们认识到他们的工作归根结底是把事实公诸于众。） guarantee的意思是保证，担保，后面可跟名词；to do或that从句。如： 1） Wealth doesn't guarantee happiness.（财富不能保证快乐。） 2）They guaranteed to finish the work in two hours.（他们保证在两个小时内完成这项工作。） 3）I guarantee that they will win the game.（我保证他们会赢这场比赛）。 do在句中起强调作用。 本课主要短语（phrases and expressions） 1.set aside 2.a misuse of 3.no better than 4.prepare for / make preparations for 5.be physically fit 6.be seen as 7.rather than 8.pro or con 9.involvement in / be/become/get involved in 10. in pursuit of 11. be engaged in 12. have （no）difficulty doing sth. 13. get support from 14. make commitment to 15. narrow in scope 16. approach to 17. in top physical condition 18. be capable of 19. keep in mind 20. in the final analysis Text B people and colors 短语表达 1. in general In general， girls do better on test about vocabulary than boys. In general， there are two different ideas about where to go. 2. remind sb. of sth. The way he walks reminds me of his father. The picture reminds me of the days I spent in the countryside. 3. associate with People usually associate the underground with something evil. They like to associate with people from all walks of life. 4. react to I cannot imagine how the audience will react to his speech. Young children react to the color of an object before they react to its shape.
我也是读英语自考的，现在只剩法语这一科，准备明年四月份考。怎么会呢？我同学考过的都说不是很难啊？我现在复习法语，主要是以课本为主，你只要好好的复习第一册就可以了
栤菊粅雨 3人参与回答 2024-09-23 一、词汇学习 自考英语二是有词汇要求的，3800个单词和750个词组，但是大家也要清楚一点，并不是说只要背下单词和词组就行了的，光有这些肯定是不够的。词汇的学习
雨田里得麦圈 2人参与回答 2024-09-23 【免费定制学历提升方案和复习资料： 】高等教育自学考试英语二是必考科目，很多人报考英语二都觉得有难度，下面小编为大家整理自考《英语二》必考高频词汇及短语整理，供
赵13先生 2人参与回答 2024-09-23 自考本科英语二非常重要的考试科目，学习英语最重要的是背单词，背语法。下位小编为大家整理了50个自考英语二的高频知识点，考生可以参考。自考英语二语法知识点整理一、
梦叶草2011 2人参与回答 2024-09-23 【免费定制学历提升方案和复习资料： 】高等教育自学考试英语二是必考科目，很多人报考英语二都觉得有难度，下面小编为大家整理自考《英语二》必考高频词汇及短语整理，供
神仙姐姐S 2人参与回答 2024-09-23 