全国2009年4月高等教育自学考试 英语国家概况试题 课程代码：00522 I. Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (50 points, 1 point for each) 1. Strictly speaking, “the British Isles” refers to_______. A. Great Britain B. Ireland C. the United Kingdom D. Great Britain and Ireland 2. Which of the following kings was responsible for the complete establishment of the feudal system in England? A. Edward I B. Henry II C. Alfred the Great D. William the Conqueror 3. The spirit of the Great Charter was ______. A. a limitation of the powers of the king B. a guarantee of the freedom of the serfs C. a limitation of the powers of the Church D. a declaration of equality among all people 4. Which of the following is NOT true about the result of the Black Death? A. Much land was left untended. B. There was a terrible shortage of labour. C. The surviving peasants had lost their power of bargaining. D. Landowners tended to change from arable to sheep-farming. 5. The War of Roses that took place from 1455 to 1485 was fought between ______. A. Britain and France B. the Parliament and the Crown C. the working people and the aristocrats D. two branches of the Plantagenet family 6. The English Renaissance was largely literary, and it achieved its finest expression in the so-called ______. A. Romantic poetry B. Romantic fiction C. Elizabethan poetry D. Elizabethan drama 7. British constitutional monarchy is a system under which the powers of the ______ are limited by Parliament or the constitution. A. church B. king or queen C. government ministers D. Bishop’s court 8. The Tories in Britain were the forerunners of ______, which still bears this nickname today. A. the Labor Party B. the Liberal Party C. the Conservative Party D. the Social Democratic Party 9. Which of the following was NOT included in the six-point demand of the Chartist Movement? A. Equal electoral districts B. Voting by secret ballot C. The vote for all adult males D. The vote for all adult females 10. During the First World War, Britain was allied with ______. A. Turkey B. the Central Powers C. France and Russia D. Germany and Austria-Hungary 11. Who was the man that led Britain in the crisis of the Second World War? A. George VI B. Theodore Roosevelt C. Neville Chamberlain D. Sir Winston Churchill 12. The new policies adopted by Mrs. Thatcher and Conservative Government after the 1979 election was known as ______. A. Thatcherism B. the New Deal C. New Frontier D. Keynesianism 13. Over the past one thousand years, the British ______ has been broken only once between 1649 and 1660. A. Cabinet B. Parliament C. Monarchy D. Privy Council 14. Who has the power to appoint the Prime Minister in Britain? A. The Queen B. The Parliament C. The House of Lords D. The Church of England 15. In Britain, a full meeting of ______ is called only when a Sovereign dies or announces his or her intention to marry. A. the Privy Council B. the Parliament C. the House of Commons D. the House of Lords 16. Which of the following is NOT involved in the British judicial responsibilities? A. Attorney General B. Ministry of Justice C. The Lord Chancellor D. The Home Secretary 17. Bank holidays in Britain refer to ______. A. official public holidays B. holidays for the banks only C. public holidays except for the banks D. holidays for the financial institutions only 18. Which statement about the British universities is NOT true? A. They enjoy academic freedom. B. They cannot appoint their own staff. C. They are governed by royal charters. D. They provide their own courses and award their own degrees. 19. ______, the most popular sport in England as well as in Europe, has its traditional home in England where it was developed in the 19th century. A. Basketball B. Tennis C. Football D. Baseball 20. London’s Metropolitan Police Force is directly under the control of _______. A. the Prime Minister B. the Lord Chancellor C. the Home Secretary D. the Attorney General 21. Which statement about the Puritans is NOT true? A. The Puritans did not allow religious dissent. B. The Puritans were poor artisans and unskilled peasants. C. They were dissatisfied with the political corruption in England. D. They went to the United States to establish what they considered the true church. 22. The largest racial and ethnic minority in the U.S. is the ______, which accounts over 12.1% of the population. A. blacks B. Asians C. Indians D. Hispanics 23. The three well-known authors who penned the Federalist Papers are ______. A. Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and John Jay B. George Washington, James Madison and John Jay C. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay D. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Adams 24. When Abraham Lincoln was elected president, the southern states broke away and formed a new nation called ______. A. the Southern States of America B. the Federalist States of America C. the Confederate States of America D. the Anti-confederate States of America 25. With the development of industry and extension of railroad network in the early 20th century in the U.S.A., there appeared ______. A. a rapid growth of cities B. an influx of foreign goods C. an increase of urban ghettos D. a great increase in the number of farms 26. In the early 19th century, ______ actively used the Sherman Antitrust Act to stop monopolistic business mergers in the United States. A. J.P. Morgan B. Woodrow Wilson C. Henry Rockefeller D. Theodore Roosevelt 27. The Red Scare in 1919 and 1920 was a typical example of American ______. A. religious intolerance B. intolerant nationalism C. Progressive Movement D. deregulation of big trusts 28. In the early 1930s, the American foreign policy was isolationist, but the ______ suddenly changed the whole situation, which propelled the U.S. into the Second World War. A. Pearl Harbor attack B. bombing of Guam island C. seizing of American merchant ships D. sinking of American passenger ships 29. In 1962, President ______ finally decided on the use of naval force to prevent military material and arms from entering Cuba and demanded Soviet removal of the missiles there. A. Nixon B. Truman C. Johnson D. Kennedy 30. In 1853, in the ______, another 30,000 square miles of Mexican land were added to the territory of the U.S.A. A. Atlantic Purchase B. Mexican Purchase C. Gadsden Purchase D. Louisiana Purchase 31. The four problems that face the economy of the United States are______. A. unemployment, inflation, financial crisis and trade deficit B. unemployment, inflation, financial deficit and trade deficit C. mortgage losses, inflation, financial deficit and trade deficit D. unemployment, market failures, financial deficit and trade deficit 32. Which statement about the U.S. Constitution is NOT true? A. It is the supreme law of the land. B. It is the oldest written constitution in the world. C. It was adopted in 1781 at the Second Continental Congress. D. It provides the basis for political stability, economic growth and social progress. 33. The American President usually takes an oath of office, administered by the ______ of the United States in January. A. Chief Justice B. House Speaker C. Secretary of State D. Senate Majority Leader 34. The U.S. Constitution provides that the ______ shall be President of the Senate. A. Vice President B. Secretary of State C. Senate Majority Leader D. Senate Minority Leader 35. Which one of the following is NOT government-run at the U.S. federal level? A. Motor vehicle B. The road system C. National defense D. The postal service 36. It is generally agreed that U.S. higher education began with the______. A. Civil War B. Independence War C. founding of Harvard College D. founding of Princeton University 37. Formal education in the United States consists of ______. A. kindergarten, junior and senior education B. junior, elementary and secondary education C. elementary, secondary and higher education D. kindergarten, secondary and higher education 38. In his Old Man and the Sea, Ernest Hemingway ______. A. expresses the idea of facing defeat courageously B. shows the basic goodness and wisdom of ordinary people C. praises the ideas of equality and democracy and the joy of common people D. describes the sharp contrast of wealth and poverty in Chicago and New York 39. In the early part of the 19th century, ______ was the center of American writing. A. Boston B. Detroit C. New York City D. Philadelphia 40. The most important patriotic holiday in the U.S. is ______. A. Halloween B. Veterans’ Day C. Thanksgiving Day D. Independence Day 41. The capital city of Ireland is ______. A. Cork B. Dublin C. Galway D. Waterford 42. Historically, Ireland has been free of ethnic conflicts because of its ______. A. racial unity B. racial homogeneity C. multi-culturalism D. high rate of emigration 43. Ireland has the following demographic features EXCEPT ______. A. a late marriage age B. an excess of females in the population C. a high proportion of bachelors and spinsters of all ages D. a low birthrate compounded by a century of emigration 44. Which of the following is a typical bilingual city in Canada? A. Ottawa B. Calgary C. Toronto D. Vancouver 45. Which of the following statements about immigration in Canada is NOT true? A. It is estimated that one-third of Canadians were born in other countries. B. Immigration has always been an important source of its population growth. C. Immigration has played an important role in the development of its economy. D. in the past Britain and Western Europe were the principal sources of Canadian immigration. 46. In terms of land area, Canada is the ______ largest country in the world. A. second B. third C. fourth D. fifth 47. The head of state of Australia is ______. A. the Governor B. the President C. the Prime Minister D. the Queen of England 48. ______ is the only city on the western coast of Australia with a population of over one million. A. Perth B. Sydney C. Brisbane D. Melbourne 49. A ______, where two parts of the earth’s crust meet, runs the length of New Zealand. A. fault line B. built area C. dormant volcano D. geothermal area 50. The Treaty of Waitangi in 1840 was an agreement between ______. A. the Maori whalers and the British Crown B. the Maori people and the British missionaries C. the Maori traders and the British missionaries D. the chiefs of the Maori people and the British Crown II. Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (30 points, 3 points for each) 51. What are the main functions of the British Parliament? 52. What were the two countries Elizabeth I successfully played off against each other for nearly 30 years? 53. What was the outcome of the English Civil War? 54. What are the three main Christian festivals in the U.K.? 55. What were the three cornerstones of American postwar economic boom? 56. What was the most important document produced between China and the United States when President Nixon visited China in 1972? 57. What is the most central function of the U.S. Congress? 58. What are the two major parties that dominate American politics at the federal, state and local levels? 59. What are the two official languages used in Ireland? 60. Who are the native people living in Australia? III. Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet in around 40 words. (20 points, 5 points for each) 61. Open University 62. The Speaker (of the House of Commons in Britain) 63. Muckrakers 64. The stock market crash of 1929
2022年10月考期英语(二)试题答案仅供参考第一部分:阅读判断（每题1分）1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5. B6.A 7.C 8.A 9.B 10. A第二部分:阅读选择（每题2分）11. C 12. A 13.D 14.D 15. B第三部分:概括段落大意和补全句子（每题1分）16.D 17. C 18. E 19. B 20. F21. A 22. D 23. F 24.E 25. C第四部分:填句补文（每题2分）26.E 27.C 28. D 29.F 30.B第五部分:填词补文（每题1.5分）31.G 32. F 33. A 34.I 35. C 36. E37.B 38. K 39. H 40.L第六部分:完形补文（每题1.5分）41 .shown/showed 42. greater 43. playmates 44. morally 45. social 46. controlling 47. ability 48. affects 49. performances 50. necessity第七部分:短文写作（每题30分）参考范文:我们作文库原题上述内容来源网络，不是最终答案，仅供参考祝同学们10月考试必过！自考/成考有疑问、不知道自考/成考考点内容、不清楚当地自考/成考政策，点击底部咨询官网老师，免费领取复习资料：
教育在线上的历年所有科目自考试题年7月全国自考《英语翻译》试题及答案全国2008年7月高等教育自学考试课程代码：0087请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上I. Multiple Choice Questions (30 points, 2 points for each)A. Directions: This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is the closest equivalent of the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness.1. The image of a sudden wall of dark water carrying the man and his car away in an instant is still imprinted on my mind.A. 突然浑浊的雨水像一面墙一样压了下来，一下子就连人带车都冲走了。这情景直到现在还印在我的脑海里。B. 突然浑浊的雨水像一面墙一样压了下来，一下子就连人带车都冲走了的情景直到现在还印在我的脑海里。C. 突然浑浊的雨水像一面墙一下子就连人带车都冲走了。这情景直到现在还印在我的脑海里。D. 突然浑浊的雨水像一面墙一下子就连人带车都冲走了的情景直到现在还印在我的脑海里。2. He occasionally gave a smart nod, as if in confirmation of some opinion, though he was not thinking of anything in particular.A. 待一会儿他就轻快地把头一点，好象是对某一个意见表示赞成似的，其实他心里头可并没。B. 待一会儿他就轻快地把头一点，好象是对某一个意见表示赞成似的，其实他心里头可并没想什么特别的事儿。C. 待一会儿他就轻快地把头一点，好象是肯定了某一个意见，其实他心里头可并没。D. 待一会儿他就轻快地把头一点，好象是肯定了某一个意见，其实他心里头可并没想什么特别的事儿。3. In the winter of wet years the streams ran full-freshet, and they swelled the river until sometimes it raged and boiled, bank full, and then it was a destroyer.A. 在多雨的年份，冬天水流充沛，引起河面暴涨，直到有时候汹涌翻腾，泛滥两岸，它就成了祸害。B. 在多雨的年份，冬天水流充沛，引起河面暴涨，直到有时候汹涌翻腾，泛滥两岸，就成了祸害。C. 在多雨的年份，冬天水流充沛，引起河面暴涨，有时候汹涌翻腾，泛滥两岸，就成了祸害。D. 在多雨的年份，冬天水流充沛，引起河面暴涨，河有时候汹涌翻腾，泛滥两岸，就成了祸害。4. When the whale is killed, the blubber is stripped off and boiled down, either on board ship or on shore.A. 鲸鱼被杀死之后，鲸脂被剥下来熬油，这项工作有的是在船上进行，有的是在岸上进行的。B. 鲸鱼杀死之后，鲸脂剥下来被熬油，这项工作有的是在船上进行，有的是在岸上进行的。C. 鲸鱼杀死之后，把鲸脂剥下来熬油，这项工作有的是在船上进行，有的是在岸上进行的。D. 鲸鱼被杀死之后，把鲸脂剥下来熬油，这项工作有的是在船上进行，有的是在岸上进行的。5. While we cannot close the gulf between us, we can try to bridge it so that we may be able to talk across it.A. 虽然我们不能缩短双方之间的鸿沟，我们却能够设法搭一座桥，以便我们能够越过它进行会谈。B. 在我们不能弥合双方之间的鸿沟的同时，我们能够设法搭一座桥，以便我们能够越过它进行会谈。C. 既然我们不能弥合双方之间的鸿沟，我们就能够设法搭一座桥，以便我们能够越过它进行会谈。D. 虽然我们不能弥合双方之间的鸿沟，我们却能够设法搭一座桥，以便我们能够越过它进行会谈。6. 我最恨那些欺名盗世、欺骗读者的谎言。A. That I hate most are those glory-seeking writers who deceive the public with their lies.B. Whatever I hate most are those glory-seeking writers who deceive the public with their lies.C. What I hate most are those glory-seeking writers they deceive the public with their lies.D. What I hate most are those glory-seeking writers who deceive the public with their lies.7. 虽然还没有中国共产党，但是已经有了大批的赞成俄国革命的具有初步共产主义思想的知识分子。A. Although the Communist Party of China had not yet come into existence, but there were already large numbers of intellectuals who approved of the Russian Revolution and had the rudiments of communist ideology.B. Although the Communist Party of China had not yet come into existence, there were already large numbers of intellectuals who approved of the Russian Revolution and had the rudiments of communist ideology.C. Although the Communist Party of China had not yet come into existence, there were already large numbers of intellectuals they approved of the Russian Revolution and had the rudiments of communist ideology.D. Although the Communist Party of China had not yet come into existence, there were already large numbers of intellectuals whom approved of the Russian Revolution and had the rudiments of communist ideology.8. 北海公园原是历代封建帝王的“御花园”，总面积共有68.2公顷。A. Bei Hai (North Lake) Park, covers an area of 68.2 hectares, was the imperial garden in the feudal dynasties.B. Bei Hai (North Lake) Park, covers an area of 68.2 hectares, being the imperial garden in the feudal dynasties.C. Bei Hai (North Lake) Park, covering an area of 68.2 hectares, which was the imperial garden in the feudal dynasties.D. Bei Hai (North Lake) Park, covering an area of 68.2 hectares, was the imperial garden in the feudal dynasties.9. 中国山区面积占国土总面积的70%。A. Mountainous areas account for 70 percent of China’s total territory.B. Mountainous areas account of 70 percent of China’s total territory.C. Mountainous areas count for 70 percent of China’s total territory.D. Mountainous areas count of 70 percent of China’s total territory.10. 鼓励合营企业向中国境外销售产品。A. An equity joint venture shall encourage to market its products outside China.B. An equity joint venture shall encourage its products sold outside China.C. An equity joint venture shall be encouraged to market its products outside China.D. An equity joint venture shall be encouraged to market its products over China.B. Directions: This part consists of five unfinished statements, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes each statement.11. 著名的“信、达、雅”翻译标准是我国近代翻译家______提出来的。A. 林纾B. 周煦良C. 钱钟书D. 严复12. 关于语序的论述，下列说法中正确的是______。A. 英语有时态，可以通过动词的变化显出动作发生的先后顺序，而且英语大量使用分词和从句；而汉语叙事多靠并列结构，依靠各成分之间的顺序，尤其是时间顺序和逻辑顺序。B. 英语叙事多靠并列结构，依靠各成分之间的顺序，尤其是时间顺序和逻辑顺序；而汉语有时态，可以通过动词的变化显出动作发生的先后顺序，而且英语大量使用分词和从句。C. 英语有时态，可以通过时间顺序和逻辑顺序显出动作发生的先后顺序，而且英语大量使用分词和从句；而汉语叙事多靠并列结构，依靠各成分之间的顺序，尤其是动词的使用。D. 英语有时态，可以通过并列结构，依靠各成分之间的顺序，尤其是动词的使用显出动作发生的先后顺序，而且英语大量使用分词和从句；而汉语叙事多靠时间顺序和逻辑顺序。13. 傅雷的翻译主张是______。A. 重形似不重神似B. 既重形似也重神似C. 重神似不重形似D. 既不重形似也不重神似 14. 下面关于Saint Jerome的翻译观点，正确的是______。A. I have always aimed at translating sense, not words.B. I have always aimed at translating words, not sense.C. I have always aimed at translating both sense and words.D. I have always aimed at translating neither sense nor words. 15. 原文：“I have seventy-two grandchildren, and if I were sad each time I parted from one of them, I should have a dismal existence!” “Madre snaturale,” he replied.译文：“我的孙子孙女有七十二个，要是每离开一个都要难过，我的生活可就太痛苦了。”听了这话，老先生竟说，“这个做母亲的真怪呀！”本句中画线部分运用的主要翻译方法是：______.A. 反译B. 减词C. 增词D. 省略II. Words and phrases translation（20 points，1 point for each）A. Directions: Put the following words and phrases into Chinese.16. VIP17. arteries of communication 18. annual flood 19. global economy 20. maternal grandmother 21. Gone with the Wind 22. in one’s early teens 23. the Arctic Ocean 24. to enact legislation 25. magnificent dinner B. Directions: Put the following words and phrases into English.26. 大思想家 27. 第一次世界大战 28. 文物 29. 宜农荒地 30. 儿童文学 31. 初冬 32. 中国大戏院 33. 可持续发展战略 34. 平等互利原则 35. 归根到底 III. Translation Revision（20 points，2 points for each）A. Directions: Each of the following translated sentences is inadequate. Revise the given versions.Example:原文：Adelaide enjoys a Mediterranean climate.译文：阿德莱德享有地中海气候。改译：阿德莱德属地中海气候。36. 原文：The school education at the time could only dull an inventive mind.译文：当时的学校教育只能让创造的心灵愚钝。 37. 原文： On behalf of all of your American guests, I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality.译文：代表你们的所有美国客人，我向你们表示感谢，感谢你们的无可比拟的盛情款待。38. 原文：When he had climbed the hill above the field he looked back. He could see the white shapes of the girls dancing on the grass.译文：只要他爬上小山，就回头向下看。似乎能看到姑娘们的白色身影在草地上舞动。39. 原文：The liver oil is given to those people who need certain vitamins.译文：鱼肝油是给那些缺乏维生素的人服用的。40. 原文：More than eight years have passed since Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping and I joined hands to establish full diplomatic relations between our two nations.译文：自从邓小平副总理和我共同建立我们两国之间的圆满外交关系以来，已经八年多了。B. Directions: Each of the following translated sentences is inadequate. Revise the given versions.Example:原文：中国在任何情况之下决不首先使用核武器。译文：At no time China will be the first to use nuclear weapons.改译：At no time will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.41. 原文：孟母靠织布来维持生计。译文：Meng’s mother lived on weaving.42. 原文：祈年殿于1545年改建为一座镏金宝顶的三重檐圆殿。译文：The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest was rebuilt into round-shaped hall with triple eaves and gilded ball on the top in 1545.43. 原文：我坐在宫门台阶上，欣赏宫门口那一座大花坛，花坛里栽的是红、黄、白、紫四色分明的盛开的郁金香。译文：I sat on the steps at the entrance of the palace, enjoying the big flower beds near the gate filled with blooming tulips of distinctive red, yellow, white and purple.44. 原文：我从头到脚淋成个落汤鸡了。译文：I was drenched from head to foot like a wet chick.45. 原文：合营企业的一切活动应遵守中华人民共和国法律，法令和有关条例规定。译文：All activities of a joint venture should comply with the provisions of the laws, decrees and pertinent regulations of the People’s Republic of China. IV. Paragraph Translation (30 points)A. Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. (15 points)46.President Clinton realized — as all of us must — that today’s economy is global. We live in an era in which information, goods and capital speed around the globe, every hour of every day. Whether we like it or not, all of our fortunes are tied together. We are truly interdependent.America supports international trade because we believe fundamentally that trade will enrich those nations who embrace its discipline. The great promise of trade is its potential to promote mutual prosperity — and to strengthen the bonds between sovereign nations.The U. S. and China both demonstrate the potential of trade to improve the lives of our people. You know better than I the great achievements of the Chinese economy over the past two decades.B. Directions: Translate the following passage into English. (15 points)47.生命中不是只有快乐，也不是只有痛苦，快乐和痛苦是相生相成，互相衬托的。快乐是一抹微云，痛苦是压城的乌云，这不同的云彩，在你生命的天边重叠着，在“夕阳无限好”的时候，就给你造成一个美丽的黄昏。一个生命到了“只是近黄昏”的时节，落霞也许会使人留恋，惆怅。但人类的生命是永不止息的。地球不停地绕着太阳自转。
教育在线上的历年所有科目自考试题年7月全国自考《英语翻译》试题及答案全国2008年7月高等教育自学考试课程代码：0087请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上I. Multiple Choice Questions (30 points, 2 points for each)A. Directions: This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is the closest equivalent of the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness.1. The image of a sudden wall of dark water carrying the man and his car away in an instant is still imprinted on my mind.A. 突然浑浊的雨水像一面墙一样压了下来，一下子就连人带车都冲走了。这情景直到现在还印在我的脑海里。B. 突然浑浊的雨水像一面墙一样压了下来，一下子就连人带车都冲走了的情景直到现在还印在我的脑海里。C. 突然浑浊的雨水像一面墙一下子就连人带车都冲走了。这情景直到现在还印在我的脑海里。D. 突然浑浊的雨水像一面墙一下子就连人带车都冲走了的情景直到现在还印在我的脑海里。2. He occasionally gave a smart nod, as if in confirmation of some opinion, though he was not thinking of anything in particular.A. 待一会儿他就轻快地把头一点，好象是对某一个意见表示赞成似的，其实他心里头可并没。B. 待一会儿他就轻快地把头一点，好象是对某一个意见表示赞成似的，其实他心里头可并没想什么特别的事儿。C. 待一会儿他就轻快地把头一点，好象是肯定了某一个意见，其实他心里头可并没。D. 待一会儿他就轻快地把头一点，好象是肯定了某一个意见，其实他心里头可并没想什么特别的事儿。3. In the winter of wet years the streams ran full-freshet, and they swelled the river until sometimes it raged and boiled, bank full, and then it was a destroyer.A. 在多雨的年份，冬天水流充沛，引起河面暴涨，直到有时候汹涌翻腾，泛滥两岸，它就成了祸害。B. 在多雨的年份，冬天水流充沛，引起河面暴涨，直到有时候汹涌翻腾，泛滥两岸，就成了祸害。C. 在多雨的年份，冬天水流充沛，引起河面暴涨，有时候汹涌翻腾，泛滥两岸，就成了祸害。D. 在多雨的年份，冬天水流充沛，引起河面暴涨，河有时候汹涌翻腾，泛滥两岸，就成了祸害。4. When the whale is killed, the blubber is stripped off and boiled down, either on board ship or on shore.A. 鲸鱼被杀死之后，鲸脂被剥下来熬油，这项工作有的是在船上进行，有的是在岸上进行的。B. 鲸鱼杀死之后，鲸脂剥下来被熬油，这项工作有的是在船上进行，有的是在岸上进行的。C. 鲸鱼杀死之后，把鲸脂剥下来熬油，这项工作有的是在船上进行，有的是在岸上进行的。D. 鲸鱼被杀死之后，把鲸脂剥下来熬油，这项工作有的是在船上进行，有的是在岸上进行的。5. While we cannot close the gulf between us, we can try to bridge it so that we may be able to talk across it.A. 虽然我们不能缩短双方之间的鸿沟，我们却能够设法搭一座桥，以便我们能够越过它进行会谈。B. 在我们不能弥合双方之间的鸿沟的同时，我们能够设法搭一座桥，以便我们能够越过它进行会谈。C. 既然我们不能弥合双方之间的鸿沟，我们就能够设法搭一座桥，以便我们能够越过它进行会谈。D. 虽然我们不能弥合双方之间的鸿沟，我们却能够设法搭一座桥，以便我们能够越过它进行会谈。6. 我最恨那些欺名盗世、欺骗读者的谎言。A. That I hate most are those glory-seeking writers who deceive the public with their lies.B. Whatever I hate most are those glory-seeking writers who deceive the public with their lies.C. What I hate most are those glory-seeking writers they deceive the public with their lies.D. What I hate most are those glory-seeking writers who deceive the public with their lies.7. 虽然还没有中国共产党，但是已经有了大批的赞成俄国革命的具有初步共产主义思想的知识分子。A. Although the Communist Party of China had not yet come into existence, but there were already large numbers of intellectuals who approved of the Russian Revolution and had the rudiments of communist ideology.B. Although the Communist Party of China had not yet come into existence, there were already large numbers of intellectuals who approved of the Russian Revolution and had the rudiments of communist ideology.C. Although the Communist Party of China had not yet come into existence, there were already large numbers of intellectuals they approved of the Russian Revolution and had the rudiments of communist ideology.D. Although the Communist Party of China had not yet come into existence, there were already large numbers of intellectuals whom approved of the Russian Revolution and had the rudiments of communist ideology.8. 北海公园原是历代封建帝王的“御花园”，总面积共有68.2公顷。A. Bei Hai (North Lake) Park, covers an area of 68.2 hectares, was the imperial garden in the feudal dynasties.B. Bei Hai (North Lake) Park, covers an area of 68.2 hectares, being the imperial garden in the feudal dynasties.C. Bei Hai (North Lake) Park, covering an area of 68.2 hectares, which was the imperial garden in the feudal dynasties.D. Bei Hai (North Lake) Park, covering an area of 68.2 hectares, was the imperial garden in the feudal dynasties.9. 中国山区面积占国土总面积的70%。A. Mountainous areas account for 70 percent of China’s total territory.B. Mountainous areas account of 70 percent of China’s total territory.C. Mountainous areas count for 70 percent of China’s total territory.D. Mountainous areas count of 70 percent of China’s total territory.10. 鼓励合营企业向中国境外销售产品。A. An equity joint venture shall encourage to market its products outside China.B. An equity joint venture shall encourage its products sold outside China.C. An equity joint venture shall be encouraged to market its products outside China.D. An equity joint venture shall be encouraged to market its products over China.B. Directions: This part consists of five unfinished statements, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes each statement.11. 著名的“信、达、雅”翻译标准是我国近代翻译家______提出来的。A. 林纾B. 周煦良C. 钱钟书D. 严复12. 关于语序的论述，下列说法中正确的是______。A. 英语有时态，可以通过动词的变化显出动作发生的先后顺序，而且英语大量使用分词和从句；而汉语叙事多靠并列结构，依靠各成分之间的顺序，尤其是时间顺序和逻辑顺序。B. 英语叙事多靠并列结构，依靠各成分之间的顺序，尤其是时间顺序和逻辑顺序；而汉语有时态，可以通过动词的变化显出动作发生的先后顺序，而且英语大量使用分词和从句。C. 英语有时态，可以通过时间顺序和逻辑顺序显出动作发生的先后顺序，而且英语大量使用分词和从句；而汉语叙事多靠并列结构，依靠各成分之间的顺序，尤其是动词的使用。D. 英语有时态，可以通过并列结构，依靠各成分之间的顺序，尤其是动词的使用显出动作发生的先后顺序，而且英语大量使用分词和从句；而汉语叙事多靠时间顺序和逻辑顺序。13. 傅雷的翻译主张是______。A. 重形似不重神似B. 既重形似也重神似C. 重神似不重形似D. 既不重形似也不重神似 14. 下面关于Saint Jerome的翻译观点，正确的是______。A. I have always aimed at translating sense, not words.B. I have always aimed at translating words, not sense.C. I have always aimed at translating both sense and words.D. I have always aimed at translating neither sense nor words. 15. 原文：“I have seventy-two grandchildren, and if I were sad each time I parted from one of them, I should have a dismal existence!” “Madre snaturale,” he replied.译文：“我的孙子孙女有七十二个，要是每离开一个都要难过，我的生活可就太痛苦了。”听了这话，老先生竟说，“这个做母亲的真怪呀！”本句中画线部分运用的主要翻译方法是：______.A. 反译B. 减词C. 增词D. 省略II. Words and phrases translation（20 points，1 point for each）A. Directions: Put the following words and phrases into Chinese.16. VIP17. arteries of communication 18. annual flood 19. global economy 20. maternal grandmother 21. Gone with the Wind 22. in one’s early teens 23. the Arctic Ocean 24. to enact legislation 25. magnificent dinner B. Directions: Put the following words and phrases into English.26. 大思想家 27. 第一次世界大战 28. 文物 29. 宜农荒地 30. 儿童文学 31. 初冬 32. 中国大戏院 33. 可持续发展战略 34. 平等互利原则 35. 归根到底 III. Translation Revision（20 points，2 points for each）A. Directions: Each of the following translated sentences is inadequate. Revise the given versions.Example:原文：Adelaide enjoys a Mediterranean climate.译文：阿德莱德享有地中海气候。改译：阿德莱德属地中海气候。36. 原文：The school education at the time could only dull an inventive mind.译文：当时的学校教育只能让创造的心灵愚钝。 37. 原文： On behalf of all of your American guests, I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality.译文：代表你们的所有美国客人，我向你们表示感谢，感谢你们的无可比拟的盛情款待。38. 原文：When he had climbed the hill above the field he looked back. He could see the white shapes of the girls dancing on the grass.译文：只要他爬上小山，就回头向下看。似乎能看到姑娘们的白色身影在草地上舞动。39. 原文：The liver oil is given to those people who need certain vitamins.译文：鱼肝油是给那些缺乏维生素的人服用的。40. 原文：More than eight years have passed since Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping and I joined hands to establish full diplomatic relations between our two nations.译文：自从邓小平副总理和我共同建立我们两国之间的圆满外交关系以来，已经八年多了。B. Directions: Each of the following translated sentences is inadequate. Revise the given versions.Example:原文：中国在任何情况之下决不首先使用核武器。译文：At no time China will be the first to use nuclear weapons.改译：At no time will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.41. 原文：孟母靠织布来维持生计。译文：Meng’s mother lived on weaving.42. 原文：祈年殿于1545年改建为一座镏金宝顶的三重檐圆殿。译文：The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest was rebuilt into round-shaped hall with triple eaves and gilded ball on the top in 1545.43. 原文：我坐在宫门台阶上，欣赏宫门口那一座大花坛，花坛里栽的是红、黄、白、紫四色分明的盛开的郁金香。译文：I sat on the steps at the entrance of the palace, enjoying the big flower beds near the gate filled with blooming tulips of distinctive red, yellow, white and purple.44. 原文：我从头到脚淋成个落汤鸡了。译文：I was drenched from head to foot like a wet chick.45. 原文：合营企业的一切活动应遵守中华人民共和国法律，法令和有关条例规定。译文：All activities of a joint venture should comply with the provisions of the laws, decrees and pertinent regulations of the People’s Republic of China. IV. Paragraph Translation (30 points)A. Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. (15 points)46.President Clinton realized — as all of us must — that today’s economy is global. We live in an era in which information, goods and capital speed around the globe, every hour of every day. Whether we like it or not, all of our fortunes are tied together. We are truly interdependent.America supports international trade because we believe fundamentally that trade will enrich those nations who embrace its discipline. The great promise of trade is its potential to promote mutual prosperity — and to strengthen the bonds between sovereign nations.The U. S. and China both demonstrate the potential of trade to improve the lives of our people. You know better than I the great achievements of the Chinese economy over the past two decades.B. Directions: Translate the following passage into English. (15 points)47.生命中不是只有快乐，也不是只有痛苦，快乐和痛苦是相生相成，互相衬托的。快乐是一抹微云，痛苦是压城的乌云，这不同的云彩，在你生命的天边重叠着，在“夕阳无限好”的时候，就给你造成一个美丽的黄昏。一个生命到了“只是近黄昏”的时节，落霞也许会使人留恋，惆怅。但人类的生命是永不止息的。地球不停地绕着太阳自转。
全国2009年4月高等教育自学考试 英语国家概况试题 课程代码：00522 I. Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (50 points, 1 point for each) 1. Strictly speaking, “the British Isles” refers to_______. A. Great Britain B. Ireland C. the United Kingdom D. Great Britain and Ireland 2. Which of the following kings was responsible for the complete establishment of the feudal system in England? A. Edward I B. Henry II C. Alfred the Great D. William the Conqueror 3. The spirit of the Great Charter was ______. A. a limitation of the powers of the king B. a guarantee of the freedom of the serfs C. a limitation of the powers of the Church D. a declaration of equality among all people 4. Which of the following is NOT true about the result of the Black Death? A. Much land was left untended. B. There was a terrible shortage of labour. C. The surviving peasants had lost their power of bargaining. D. Landowners tended to change from arable to sheep-farming. 5. The War of Roses that took place from 1455 to 1485 was fought between ______. A. Britain and France B. the Parliament and the Crown C. the working people and the aristocrats D. two branches of the Plantagenet family 6. The English Renaissance was largely literary, and it achieved its finest expression in the so-called ______. A. Romantic poetry B. Romantic fiction C. Elizabethan poetry D. Elizabethan drama 7. British constitutional monarchy is a system under which the powers of the ______ are limited by Parliament or the constitution. A. church B. king or queen C. government ministers D. Bishop’s court 8. The Tories in Britain were the forerunners of ______, which still bears this nickname today. A. the Labor Party B. the Liberal Party C. the Conservative Party D. the Social Democratic Party 9. Which of the following was NOT included in the six-point demand of the Chartist Movement? A. Equal electoral districts B. Voting by secret ballot C. The vote for all adult males D. The vote for all adult females 10. During the First World War, Britain was allied with ______. A. Turkey B. the Central Powers C. France and Russia D. Germany and Austria-Hungary 11. Who was the man that led Britain in the crisis of the Second World War? A. George VI B. Theodore Roosevelt C. Neville Chamberlain D. Sir Winston Churchill 12. The new policies adopted by Mrs. Thatcher and Conservative Government after the 1979 election was known as ______. A. Thatcherism B. the New Deal C. New Frontier D. Keynesianism 13. Over the past one thousand years, the British ______ has been broken only once between 1649 and 1660. A. Cabinet B. Parliament C. Monarchy D. Privy Council 14. Who has the power to appoint the Prime Minister in Britain? A. The Queen B. The Parliament C. The House of Lords D. The Church of England 15. In Britain, a full meeting of ______ is called only when a Sovereign dies or announces his or her intention to marry. A. the Privy Council B. the Parliament C. the House of Commons D. the House of Lords 16. Which of the following is NOT involved in the British judicial responsibilities? A. Attorney General B. Ministry of Justice C. The Lord Chancellor D. The Home Secretary 17. Bank holidays in Britain refer to ______. A. official public holidays B. holidays for the banks only C. public holidays except for the banks D. holidays for the financial institutions only 18. Which statement about the British universities is NOT true? A. They enjoy academic freedom. B. They cannot appoint their own staff. C. They are governed by royal charters. D. They provide their own courses and award their own degrees. 19. ______, the most popular sport in England as well as in Europe, has its traditional home in England where it was developed in the 19th century. A. Basketball B. Tennis C. Football D. Baseball 20. London’s Metropolitan Police Force is directly under the control of _______. A. the Prime Minister B. the Lord Chancellor C. the Home Secretary D. the Attorney General 21. Which statement about the Puritans is NOT true? A. The Puritans did not allow religious dissent. B. The Puritans were poor artisans and unskilled peasants. C. They were dissatisfied with the political corruption in England. D. They went to the United States to establish what they considered the true church. 22. The largest racial and ethnic minority in the U.S. is the ______, which accounts over 12.1% of the population. A. blacks B. Asians C. Indians D. Hispanics 23. The three well-known authors who penned the Federalist Papers are ______. A. Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and John Jay B. George Washington, James Madison and John Jay C. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay D. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Adams 24. When Abraham Lincoln was elected president, the southern states broke away and formed a new nation called ______. A. the Southern States of America B. the Federalist States of America C. the Confederate States of America D. the Anti-confederate States of America 25. With the development of industry and extension of railroad network in the early 20th century in the U.S.A., there appeared ______. A. a rapid growth of cities B. an influx of foreign goods C. an increase of urban ghettos D. a great increase in the number of farms 26. In the early 19th century, ______ actively used the Sherman Antitrust Act to stop monopolistic business mergers in the United States. A. J.P. Morgan B. Woodrow Wilson C. Henry Rockefeller D. Theodore Roosevelt 27. The Red Scare in 1919 and 1920 was a typical example of American ______. A. religious intolerance B. intolerant nationalism C. Progressive Movement D. deregulation of big trusts 28. In the early 1930s, the American foreign policy was isolationist, but the ______ suddenly changed the whole situation, which propelled the U.S. into the Second World War. A. Pearl Harbor attack B. bombing of Guam island C. seizing of American merchant ships D. sinking of American passenger ships 29. In 1962, President ______ finally decided on the use of naval force to prevent military material and arms from entering Cuba and demanded Soviet removal of the missiles there. A. Nixon B. Truman C. Johnson D. Kennedy 30. In 1853, in the ______, another 30,000 square miles of Mexican land were added to the territory of the U.S.A. A. Atlantic Purchase B. Mexican Purchase C. Gadsden Purchase D. Louisiana Purchase 31. The four problems that face the economy of the United States are______. A. unemployment, inflation, financial crisis and trade deficit B. unemployment, inflation, financial deficit and trade deficit C. mortgage losses, inflation, financial deficit and trade deficit D. unemployment, market failures, financial deficit and trade deficit 32. Which statement about the U.S. Constitution is NOT true? A. It is the supreme law of the land. B. It is the oldest written constitution in the world. C. It was adopted in 1781 at the Second Continental Congress. D. It provides the basis for political stability, economic growth and social progress. 33. The American President usually takes an oath of office, administered by the ______ of the United States in January. A. Chief Justice B. House Speaker C. Secretary of State D. Senate Majority Leader 34. The U.S. Constitution provides that the ______ shall be President of the Senate. A. Vice President B. Secretary of State C. Senate Majority Leader D. Senate Minority Leader 35. Which one of the following is NOT government-run at the U.S. federal level? A. Motor vehicle B. The road system C. National defense D. The postal service 36. It is generally agreed that U.S. higher education began with the______. A. Civil War B. Independence War C. founding of Harvard College D. founding of Princeton University 37. Formal education in the United States consists of ______. A. kindergarten, junior and senior education B. junior, elementary and secondary education C. elementary, secondary and higher education D. kindergarten, secondary and higher education 38. In his Old Man and the Sea, Ernest Hemingway ______. A. expresses the idea of facing defeat courageously B. shows the basic goodness and wisdom of ordinary people C. praises the ideas of equality and democracy and the joy of common people D. describes the sharp contrast of wealth and poverty in Chicago and New York 39. In the early part of the 19th century, ______ was the center of American writing. A. Boston B. Detroit C. New York City D. Philadelphia 40. The most important patriotic holiday in the U.S. is ______. A. Halloween B. Veterans’ Day C. Thanksgiving Day D. Independence Day 41. The capital city of Ireland is ______. A. Cork B. Dublin C. Galway D. Waterford 42. Historically, Ireland has been free of ethnic conflicts because of its ______. A. racial unity B. racial homogeneity C. multi-culturalism D. high rate of emigration 43. Ireland has the following demographic features EXCEPT ______. A. a late marriage age B. an excess of females in the population C. a high proportion of bachelors and spinsters of all ages D. a low birthrate compounded by a century of emigration 44. Which of the following is a typical bilingual city in Canada? A. Ottawa B. Calgary C. Toronto D. Vancouver 45. Which of the following statements about immigration in Canada is NOT true? A. It is estimated that one-third of Canadians were born in other countries. B. Immigration has always been an important source of its population growth. C. Immigration has played an important role in the development of its economy. D. in the past Britain and Western Europe were the principal sources of Canadian immigration. 46. In terms of land area, Canada is the ______ largest country in the world. A. second B. third C. fourth D. fifth 47. The head of state of Australia is ______. A. the Governor B. the President C. the Prime Minister D. the Queen of England 48. ______ is the only city on the western coast of Australia with a population of over one million. A. Perth B. Sydney C. Brisbane D. Melbourne 49. A ______, where two parts of the earth’s crust meet, runs the length of New Zealand. A. fault line B. built area C. dormant volcano D. geothermal area 50. The Treaty of Waitangi in 1840 was an agreement between ______. A. the Maori whalers and the British Crown B. the Maori people and the British missionaries C. the Maori traders and the British missionaries D. the chiefs of the Maori people and the British Crown II. Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (30 points, 3 points for each) 51. What are the main functions of the British Parliament? 52. What were the two countries Elizabeth I successfully played off against each other for nearly 30 years? 53. What was the outcome of the English Civil War? 54. What are the three main Christian festivals in the U.K.? 55. What were the three cornerstones of American postwar economic boom? 56. What was the most important document produced between China and the United States when President Nixon visited China in 1972? 57. What is the most central function of the U.S. Congress? 58. What are the two major parties that dominate American politics at the federal, state and local levels? 59. What are the two official languages used in Ireland? 60. Who are the native people living in Australia? III. Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet in around 40 words. (20 points, 5 points for each) 61. Open University 62. The Speaker (of the House of Commons in Britain) 63. Muckrakers 64. The stock market crash of 1929
你要考英语二吗，朋友 如果要考加下我吧
全国2009年4月高等教育自学考试 英语国家概况试题 课程代码：00522 I. Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (50 points, 1 point for each) 1. Strictly speaking, “the British Isles” refers to_______. A. Great Britain B. Ireland C. the United Kingdom D. Great Britain and Ireland 2. Which of the following kings was responsible for the complete establishment of the feudal system in England? A. Edward I B. Henry II C. Alfred the Great D. William the Conqueror 3. The spirit of the Great Charter was ______. A. a limitation of the powers of the king B. a guarantee of the freedom of the serfs C. a limitation of the powers of the Church D. a declaration of equality among all people 4. Which of the following is NOT true about the result of the Black Death? A. Much land was left untended. B. There was a terrible shortage of labour. C. The surviving peasants had lost their power of bargaining. D. Landowners tended to change from arable to sheep-farming. 5. The War of Roses that took place from 1455 to 1485 was fought between ______. A. Britain and France B. the Parliament and the Crown C. the working people and the aristocrats D. two branches of the Plantagenet family 6. The English Renaissance was largely literary, and it achieved its finest expression in the so-called ______. A. Romantic poetry B. Romantic fiction C. Elizabethan poetry D. Elizabethan drama 7. British constitutional monarchy is a system under which the powers of the ______ are limited by Parliament or the constitution. A. church B. king or queen C. government ministers D. Bishop’s court 8. The Tories in Britain were the forerunners of ______, which still bears this nickname today. A. the Labor Party B. the Liberal Party C. the Conservative Party D. the Social Democratic Party 9. Which of the following was NOT included in the six-point demand of the Chartist Movement? A. Equal electoral districts B. Voting by secret ballot C. The vote for all adult males D. The vote for all adult females 10. During the First World War, Britain was allied with ______. A. Turkey B. the Central Powers C. France and Russia D. Germany and Austria-Hungary 11. Who was the man that led Britain in the crisis of the Second World War? A. George VI B. Theodore Roosevelt C. Neville Chamberlain D. Sir Winston Churchill 12. The new policies adopted by Mrs. Thatcher and Conservative Government after the 1979 election was known as ______. A. Thatcherism B. the New Deal C. New Frontier D. Keynesianism 13. Over the past one thousand years, the British ______ has been broken only once between 1649 and 1660. A. Cabinet B. Parliament C. Monarchy D. Privy Council 14. Who has the power to appoint the Prime Minister in Britain? A. The Queen B. The Parliament C. The House of Lords D. The Church of England 15. In Britain, a full meeting of ______ is called only when a Sovereign dies or announces his or her intention to marry. A. the Privy Council B. the Parliament C. the House of Commons D. the House of Lords 16. Which of the following is NOT involved in the British judicial responsibilities? A. Attorney General B. Ministry of Justice C. The Lord Chancellor D. The Home Secretary 17. Bank holidays in Britain refer to ______. A. official public holidays B. holidays for the banks only C. public holidays except for the banks D. holidays for the financial institutions only 18. Which statement about the British universities is NOT true? A. They enjoy academic freedom. B. They cannot appoint their own staff. C. They are governed by royal charters. D. They provide their own courses and award their own degrees. 19. ______, the most popular sport in England as well as in Europe, has its traditional home in England where it was developed in the 19th century. A. Basketball B. Tennis C. Football D. Baseball 20. London’s Metropolitan Police Force is directly under the control of _______. A. the Prime Minister B. the Lord Chancellor C. the Home Secretary D. the Attorney General 21. Which statement about the Puritans is NOT true? A. The Puritans did not allow religious dissent. B. The Puritans were poor artisans and unskilled peasants. C. They were dissatisfied with the political corruption in England. D. They went to the United States to establish what they considered the true church. 22. The largest racial and ethnic minority in the U.S. is the ______, which accounts over 12.1% of the population. A. blacks B. Asians C. Indians D. Hispanics 23. The three well-known authors who penned the Federalist Papers are ______. A. Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and John Jay B. George Washington, James Madison and John Jay C. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay D. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Adams 24. When Abraham Lincoln was elected president, the southern states broke away and formed a new nation called ______. A. the Southern States of America B. the Federalist States of America C. the Confederate States of America D. the Anti-confederate States of America 25. With the development of industry and extension of railroad network in the early 20th century in the U.S.A., there appeared ______. A. a rapid growth of cities B. an influx of foreign goods C. an increase of urban ghettos D. a great increase in the number of farms 26. In the early 19th century, ______ actively used the Sherman Antitrust Act to stop monopolistic business mergers in the United States. A. J.P. Morgan B. Woodrow Wilson C. Henry Rockefeller D. Theodore Roosevelt 27. The Red Scare in 1919 and 1920 was a typical example of American ______. A. religious intolerance B. intolerant nationalism C. Progressive Movement D. deregulation of big trusts 28. In the early 1930s, the American foreign policy was isolationist, but the ______ suddenly changed the whole situation, which propelled the U.S. into the Second World War. A. Pearl Harbor attack B. bombing of Guam island C. seizing of American merchant ships D. sinking of American passenger ships 29. In 1962, President ______ finally decided on the use of naval force to prevent military material and arms from entering Cuba and demanded Soviet removal of the missiles there. A. Nixon B. Truman C. Johnson D. Kennedy 30. In 1853, in the ______, another 30,000 square miles of Mexican land were added to the territory of the U.S.A. A. Atlantic Purchase B. Mexican Purchase C. Gadsden Purchase D. Louisiana Purchase 31. The four problems that face the economy of the United States are______. A. unemployment, inflation, financial crisis and trade deficit B. unemployment, inflation, financial deficit and trade deficit C. mortgage losses, inflation, financial deficit and trade deficit D. unemployment, market failures, financial deficit and trade deficit 32. Which statement about the U.S. Constitution is NOT true? A. It is the supreme law of the land. B. It is the oldest written constitution in the world. C. It was adopted in 1781 at the Second Continental Congress. D. It provides the basis for political stability, economic growth and social progress. 33. The American President usually takes an oath of office, administered by the ______ of the United States in January. A. Chief Justice B. House Speaker C. Secretary of State D. Senate Majority Leader 34. The U.S. Constitution provides that the ______ shall be President of the Senate. A. Vice President B. Secretary of State C. Senate Majority Leader D. Senate Minority Leader 35. Which one of the following is NOT government-run at the U.S. federal level? A. Motor vehicle B. The road system C. National defense D. The postal service 36. It is generally agreed that U.S. higher education began with the______. A. Civil War B. Independence War C. founding of Harvard College D. founding of Princeton University 37. Formal education in the United States consists of ______. A. kindergarten, junior and senior education B. junior, elementary and secondary education C. elementary, secondary and higher education D. kindergarten, secondary and higher education 38. In his Old Man and the Sea, Ernest Hemingway ______. A. expresses the idea of facing defeat courageously B. shows the basic goodness and wisdom of ordinary people C. praises the ideas of equality and democracy and the joy of common people D. describes the sharp contrast of wealth and poverty in Chicago and New York 39. In the early part of the 19th century, ______ was the center of American writing. A. Boston B. Detroit C. New York City D. Philadelphia 40. The most important patriotic holiday in the U.S. is ______. A. Halloween B. Veterans’ Day C. Thanksgiving Day D. Independence Day 41. The capital city of Ireland is ______. A. Cork B. Dublin C. Galway D. Waterford 42. Historically, Ireland has been free of ethnic conflicts because of its ______. A. racial unity B. racial homogeneity C. multi-culturalism D. high rate of emigration 43. Ireland has the following demographic features EXCEPT ______. A. a late marriage age B. an excess of females in the population C. a high proportion of bachelors and spinsters of all ages D. a low birthrate compounded by a century of emigration 44. Which of the following is a typical bilingual city in Canada? A. Ottawa B. Calgary C. Toronto D. Vancouver 45. Which of the following statements about immigration in Canada is NOT true? A. It is estimated that one-third of Canadians were born in other countries. B. Immigration has always been an important source of its population growth. C. Immigration has played an important role in the development of its economy. D. in the past Britain and Western Europe were the principal sources of Canadian immigration. 46. In terms of land area, Canada is the ______ largest country in the world. A. second B. third C. fourth D. fifth 47. The head of state of Australia is ______. A. the Governor B. the President C. the Prime Minister D. the Queen of England 48. ______ is the only city on the western coast of Australia with a population of over one million. A. Perth B. Sydney C. Brisbane D. Melbourne 49. A ______, where two parts of the earth’s crust meet, runs the length of New Zealand. A. fault line B. built area C. dormant volcano D. geothermal area 50. The Treaty of Waitangi in 1840 was an agreement between ______. A. the Maori whalers and the British Crown B. the Maori people and the British missionaries C. the Maori traders and the British missionaries D. the chiefs of the Maori people and the British Crown II. Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (30 points, 3 points for each) 51. What are the main functions of the British Parliament? 52. What were the two countries Elizabeth I successfully played off against each other for nearly 30 years? 53. What was the outcome of the English Civil War? 54. What are the three main Christian festivals in the U.K.? 55. What were the three cornerstones of American postwar economic boom? 56. What was the most important document produced between China and the United States when President Nixon visited China in 1972? 57. What is the most central function of the U.S. Congress? 58. What are the two major parties that dominate American politics at the federal, state and local levels? 59. What are the two official languages used in Ireland? 60. Who are the native people living in Australia? III. Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet in around 40 words. (20 points, 5 points for each) 61. Open University 62. The Speaker (of the House of Commons in Britain) 63. Muckrakers 64. The stock market crash of 1929
2005年4月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试卷＋答案 (课程代码 0832) 第一部分 选择题 I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers．Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket．(30％) 1． There are two approaches to the study of polysemy．Theyare______. A．primary and secondary B．central and peripheral C．diachronic and synchronic D．formal and functional [ ] 2． Which of the following is NOT a stylistic feature of idioms? A．Colloquial B．Slang C．Negative D．Literary [ ] 3． Synonyms can be classified into two major groups，that is：_____. A．absolute and relative B．absolute and complete C．relative and near D．complete and identical [ ] 4． In the early period of Middle English，English，____existed side by side， A．Celtic and Danish B．Danish and French C．Latin and Celtic D．French and Latin [ ] 5． Amonomorphemic word is a word that consists of a single_______morpheme． A．formal B．concrete C．free D．bound [ ] 6． Whch of the following groups of words is NOT onomatopoeically motivated? A，croak，drum B．squeak，bleat C．buzz，neigh D．bang，trumpet [ ] 7．LDCE is distinctive for its____. A．Clear grammar codes B．usage notes C．language notes D．all of the above [ ] 8． From the historical point of view,English is more closely related to A．German B．French C．Scotttish D．Irish [ ] 9． Which of the following is NOT an acronym? A．TOEFL B．ODYSSEY C．BASIC D．CCTV [ ] 10. In the course book，the author lists____types of context clues for inferring word meaning． A．eight B．six C．seven D．five [ ] 11．Sources of homonyms include____. A．changes in sound and spelling B．borrowing C．shortening D．all of the above [ ] 12．The written form of English is a(an)________representation of the spoken form． A．selective B．adequate C．imperfect D．natural [ ] 13．Structurally a____is the smallest meaningful unit of a language． A．molpheme B．stem C．word D．compound [ ] 14．Unlike affixes，____are often free morphemes． A．sufrixes B．prefixes C．inflectional morphemes D．roots [ ] 15．The four major foreign contributors to the English vocabulary in earlier times were French. Latin，____. A．Scandinavian and Italian B．Greek and Scandinavian C．Celtic and Greek D．Italian and Spanish [ ] 第二部分 非选择题 Ⅱ．Complete the rollowing staternents with proper words or expressions according to the course book． 16．The name given to the widening of meaning which some words undergo is____. 17．Longman lexicon of Contemporary English is a____dictionary． 18．When a new word appears for the first time，the author usually manages to give hints or ____in the context to help the readers． 19．Radiation and____are the two coinages which the development of word meaning follows from monosemy to polysemy． 20．Middle English refers to the language spoken from 1150 to____. Ⅲ．Match the words or explessions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1)word Origin，2)word formation. and 3)types of Synonyms or antonyms． A B ( )21．skill A．back—formation ( )22．babysit B．blendlng ( )23．telequiz C．French origin ( )24．composition／compounding D．SCandinavianorigin ( )25．government E．clipping ( )26．same／different F. relative synonyms ( )27．gent G. Germanic ( )28．English H．absolute synonyms ( )29．change／alter I. contradictory terms ( )30．big／small J．contrary terms IV．Smdy the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of bound morphemes underlined, 2) types of meanings,3)processes of meaning development，and 4) forlnation of eompounds． 31．neck→primary meaning：that part of man joining the head tO the body； a secondary meaning：the narrowest part of anything．( ) 32．contradict ( ) 33．mother：love，care ( ) 34．upcoming ( ) 35．window shopping ( ) 36．radlos ( ) 37．property developer ( ) 38．Candidate→earlier meaning：white-robed； later meaning：a person proposed for a place，award etc． ( )overcoat 39．handsomo-tyoewhter ( )man 40．northward ( ) V. Define the following terms. 41.encyclopendia 42.borrcwed 43.blending 44.extension 45.phrasal verb VI. Answer the following questing questions. Your answers should be Clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. 46.what is the difference prefixation and suffixation? Explain with two examples. 47.what is extra-linguistic context? 48.what is polysemy? Illustrate your points. VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. 49. Study the following sentence and try to guess the meaning of the word in italics. Then what contextual help you to work out the meaning. Carnivores are very dangerous. Not long ago, a tiger escaped from the zoo and killed a dog in The street and ate it. 50.Connotative meaning is not stable. Comment on this statement with one example. 英语词汇学答案 (课程代码 0832)I．Each Of the smtements below is followed by four alternative answers．Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket． 1.C 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.A 9.B 10.A 11.D 12.C 13.A 14.D 15.B II Complete the following statements with proper words Or expressions according to the course book． 16．extension 或generalization 17．specialized 18．clues 19．concatenation 20．1500 III.Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according tO 1) word origin，2)word formation，and 3)types of synonyms or antonyms． 21．D 22．A 23．B 24．H 25．C 26．I 27．E 28．G 29．F 30．J IV．Study the following words or expressions and identify 1)types of bound morphemes underlined，2)types of meanings，3)processes of meaning development，and 4)formation of compounds． 31．radiation 32．bound root 33．connotative meaning 34．adv+v-ing 35．n+v-ing 36．inflectional affix／inflectional morpheme 37．n+v-er 3.concatenation 39．collocative meaning 40．suffix／derivational affix V．Definethefollowingterms． 41．An encyclopedia provides encyclopedic information concerning each headword；it is not concerned with the language per se. 42．Borrowed words,also，known，as loan words，are words taken over from foreign languages． 43．It refers to the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word with a part of another word． 44．Extension is a process by which a word which originally had a specialized meaning has now become generalized． 45.idiom composed of a verb plus a preposition and／or a particle． VI.Answer the following questions．Your answers should be clear and short．Write your answers in the space given below． 46．Prefixation does not generally change the word-class of the stem；it only modifies its meaning. e.g．treat--maltreat Suffixation，On，the other hand，changes the word-class instead of its meaning.e.g．employ—— employer 47.(1)Known as non-linguistic context or context of situation． (2)components a.participants(addresser and addressee) writer and reader speaker and listener／hearer b.time and place c.cultural background 48.要点：1)a common feature peculiar to all natural languages． 2)have more than one sense． 3)The problem of polesemy Can be dealt with from two angles：diachronic approach and synchronic approach． VII．Analyze and comment on the following．Write your answers in the space given below． 49(1)tiger is a hyponym，of carnivore (2)carnivore is a superordinate of tiger (3)tiger feeds on meat as known by all (4)carnivore may feed on meat (5)therefore，a carnivore is a meat-eating animal 50.(1)connotative meaning，known as connotation，refers to the overtones or associations suggested by the conceptual meaning． (2)connotative meanings are not given in the dictionary．but associated with the word in actual context to particular readers or speakers．Thus they are unstable.varying considerably according to culture，historical period and the experience of the individual． (3)For example，home may remind one child of warmth，safety or love，while to another child who is often scolded or beaten at home,it may mean indifference，hatred，or even hell．
你的改译部分是指翻译句子吗因为这科我是两年前考过的 没有改译 只有翻译句子
3292___52867~~~自 考
全国2001年10月高等教育自学考试 人力资源管理(一)试题参考答案 一、单项选择题(每小题1分，共30分) 1.B 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.D 6.D 7.C 8.A 9.A 10.A 11.A 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.B 16.A 17.C 18.B 19.C 20.B 21.D 22.B 23.C 24.B 25.B 26.C 27.D 28.C 29.B 30.A二、多项选择题(每小题2分，共10分) 31.ABCDE 32.ABCDE 33.ABC 34.ABCD 35.ABCDE三、名词解释(每小题3分，共12分) 36.人力资源开发就是把人的智慧、知识、经验、技术、创造性、积极性当作一种资源加以发掘、培养、发展和利用的一系列活动，是一个复杂的系统工程。 37.委任制是由有任免权的机关按照干部管理权限直接指定下属工作人员的干部任用制度。 38.劳动定员是企业劳动管理的一个重要组成部分。劳动定员是企业根据生产方向、生产规模和产品方案，根据劳动定额和定员标准以及企业经营管理层次和机构设置等编制的。它规定一定时期内、一定技术要求下企业各部门应当占有的人力资源数量。 39.模拟教学法是事先设计制造一种情景，由受训人扮演模拟环境中的角色，从事指定的活动，训练学员在复杂情况下处理问题的能力，以达到一定培训辅导目的的方法。四、简答题(每小题4分，共20分) 40.不是任何失业者都能享受失业保险待遇，必须具备一定的要求和资格： (1)失业者必须处于劳动年龄阶段，即处于法定最低劳动年龄与退休年龄之间。 (2)失业者必须是非自愿失业，而不是自愿失业。 (3)失业前必须工作过一定时日，或者投保过一定的时日。 (4)失业后必须立即到政府指定的劳动就业介绍机构，一般是职业介绍所去登记，表明自己已经失业，门槛寻求新的工作岗位；同时必须表示，愿意接受职业介绍机构提供的新的、适当的工作，服从分配，愿意接受职业介绍机构提供的再就业培训辅导，以便到新岗位上能胜任。 41.“金无足赤， 人无完人”。人各有优缺点、长短处。我们选才用才要坚持用人之长原则，主要看人的长处和优点，看他的资格要求是否符合空缺岗位的资格门槛，注重人的现有能力的有效利用和潜在能力的发掘。 42.在组织内部形成一种宽松的环境，使成员能够畅所欲言，提出批评和建议。有恰当的渠道发泄不满，有“出气孔”可以随时“减压”。 43.人员保护的任务包括： (1)保证安全生产。 (2)实现劳逸结合。 (3)实行女工保护。 (4)组织工伤救护。 (5)做好职业中毒和职业病的预防工作和救治工作。 44.对于员工的考核不能只看一时一事，应全面、历史地来看。阶段性考核是员工平时考核的各项评价指标数据的积累。考核的连续性门槛对历次积累的数据进行综合分析，以求得出全面和准确的结论。 五、论述题(每小题14分，共28分) 45.人员报酬是组织对自己员工为组织所付出的劳动的一种直接的回报。 组织在制订人员报酬时应遵循下列原则： (1)成本补偿原则。这一原则门槛：①报酬要能够维持员工劳动力的再生产；②报酬要能够补偿劳动能力形成过程中的经济消耗。 (2)效率优先和兼顾公平相结合原则。要在坚持以员工的生产效率为主确定报酬的前提下，防止员工之间的劳动收入过分悬殊。 (3)短期利益与长远利益相结合的原则。门槛组织在利润率较高时为维持长期优势应首先加大利润留存水平，而不是首先增加员工工资；在经营发生困难时应尽量维持员工的实际报酬水平。 (4)工资增长与劳动生产率增长相协调的原则。报酬的增长水平一般应低于劳动生产率的增长水平。 (5)货币工资与实际工资相符的原则。实际工资是指一定时期内用货币工资可以交换得到的商品和服务量。货币工资和实际工资本相符的原则。门槛：①员工得到的应是货币形式的工资；②员工的本期实际工资水平应等于或大于前期的实际工资水平。 46.人力资源和自然资源一样不仅是社会财富的源泉，而且人力资源在社会财富的创造过程中，起着决定性作用。 ①人力资源是自然资源转换为社会财富的决定因素。社会财富是由对人类的物质和文化生活具有使用价值的产品构成。自然资源并不具有这种有用性，人们只有通过劳动即人力资源的消耗来引起、调整和控制人与自然之间的物质变换过程，使自然资源变成为财富。 ②人力资源是社会财富多寡的决定性因素。人力资源量等于劳动者人数和它的能力水平的乘积。当劳动者的劳动能力一定时，投入社会财富创造过程的人数多，则“变换”出来的财富就多，反之，就少；当劳动者人数一定时，劳动者劳动能力提高，则“变换”出的财富就多，反之，就少。 ③人力资源是社会财富多样化的决定性因素。人们丰富多彩的生活，需要丰富多彩的使用价值即有用物来保证。而多种多样的有用物是靠拥有多种多样劳动能力的劳动者在生产过程中创造出来。 ④人力资源是社会财富增值的决定性因素。一旦财富转化为商品，财富就不仅表现为有用物，而且表现为价值，即无差别的人类社会劳动的凝结。复杂劳动是倍加的简单劳动。提高劳动者的劳动技术，从而提高劳动的复杂程度，是增加商品价值的决定性因素。
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00795 综合英语(二) 全程班|历年真题|阶段测评|复习资料|B-青春英语SD|A-精讲班（视频只看到一个人）|A-精讲班（视频有板书）|A-串讲班|课程用书.jpg|音频|视频|目录.txt|讲义（PPT版）.ppt|串讲考情分析-综合英语（二）.ppt|一、课程介绍.flv
2005年4月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试卷＋答案 (课程代码 0832) 第一部分 选择题 I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers．Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket．(30％) 1． There are two approaches to the study of polysemy．Theyare______. A．primary and secondary B．central and peripheral C．diachronic and synchronic D．formal and functional [ ] 2． Which of the following is NOT a stylistic feature of idioms? A．Colloquial B．Slang C．Negative D．Literary [ ] 3． Synonyms can be classified into two major groups，that is：_____. A．absolute and relative B．absolute and complete C．relative and near D．complete and identical [ ] 4． In the early period of Middle English，English，____existed side by side， A．Celtic and Danish B．Danish and French C．Latin and Celtic D．French and Latin [ ] 5． Amonomorphemic word is a word that consists of a single_______morpheme． A．formal B．concrete C．free D．bound [ ] 6． Whch of the following groups of words is NOT onomatopoeically motivated? A，croak，drum B．squeak，bleat C．buzz，neigh D．bang，trumpet [ ] 7．LDCE is distinctive for its____. A．Clear grammar codes B．usage notes C．language notes D．all of the above [ ] 8． From the historical point of view,English is more closely related to A．German B．French C．Scotttish D．Irish [ ] 9． Which of the following is NOT an acronym? A．TOEFL B．ODYSSEY C．BASIC D．CCTV [ ] 10. In the course book，the author lists____types of context clues for inferring word meaning． A．eight B．six C．seven D．five [ ] 11．Sources of homonyms include____. A．changes in sound and spelling B．borrowing C．shortening D．all of the above [ ] 12．The written form of English is a(an)________representation of the spoken form． A．selective B．adequate C．imperfect D．natural [ ] 13．Structurally a____is the smallest meaningful unit of a language． A．molpheme B．stem C．word D．compound [ ] 14．Unlike affixes，____are often free morphemes． A．sufrixes B．prefixes C．inflectional morphemes D．roots [ ] 15．The four major foreign contributors to the English vocabulary in earlier times were French. Latin，____. A．Scandinavian and Italian B．Greek and Scandinavian C．Celtic and Greek D．Italian and Spanish [ ] 第二部分 非选择题 Ⅱ．Complete the rollowing staternents with proper words or expressions according to the course book． 16．The name given to the widening of meaning which some words undergo is____. 17．Longman lexicon of Contemporary English is a____dictionary． 18．When a new word appears for the first time，the author usually manages to give hints or ____in the context to help the readers． 19．Radiation and____are the two coinages which the development of word meaning follows from monosemy to polysemy． 20．Middle English refers to the language spoken from 1150 to____. Ⅲ．Match the words or explessions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1)word Origin，2)word formation. and 3)types of Synonyms or antonyms． A B ( )21．skill A．back—formation ( )22．babysit B．blendlng ( )23．telequiz C．French origin ( )24．composition／compounding D．SCandinavianorigin ( )25．government E．clipping ( )26．same／different F. relative synonyms ( )27．gent G. Germanic ( )28．English H．absolute synonyms ( )29．change／alter I. contradictory terms ( )30．big／small J．contrary terms IV．Smdy the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of bound morphemes underlined, 2) types of meanings,3)processes of meaning development，and 4) forlnation of eompounds． 31．neck→primary meaning：that part of man joining the head tO the body； a secondary meaning：the narrowest part of anything．( ) 32．contradict ( ) 33．mother：love，care ( ) 34．upcoming ( ) 35．window shopping ( ) 36．radlos ( ) 37．property developer ( ) 38．Candidate→earlier meaning：white-robed； later meaning：a person proposed for a place，award etc． ( )overcoat 39．handsomo-tyoewhter ( )man 40．northward ( ) V. Define the following terms. 41.encyclopendia 42.borrcwed 43.blending 44.extension 45.phrasal verb VI. Answer the following questing questions. Your answers should be Clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. 46.what is the difference prefixation and suffixation? Explain with two examples. 47.what is extra-linguistic context? 48.what is polysemy? Illustrate your points. VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. 49. Study the following sentence and try to guess the meaning of the word in italics. Then what contextual help you to work out the meaning. Carnivores are very dangerous. Not long ago, a tiger escaped from the zoo and killed a dog in The street and ate it. 50.Connotative meaning is not stable. Comment on this statement with one example. 英语词汇学答案 (课程代码 0832)I．Each Of the smtements below is followed by four alternative answers．Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket． 1.C 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.A 9.B 10.A 11.D 12.C 13.A 14.D 15.B II Complete the following statements with proper words Or expressions according to the course book． 16．extension 或generalization 17．specialized 18．clues 19．concatenation 20．1500 III.Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according tO 1) word origin，2)word formation，and 3)types of synonyms or antonyms． 21．D 22．A 23．B 24．H 25．C 26．I 27．E 28．G 29．F 30．J IV．Study the following words or expressions and identify 1)types of bound morphemes underlined，2)types of meanings，3)processes of meaning development，and 4)formation of compounds． 31．radiation 32．bound root 33．connotative meaning 34．adv+v-ing 35．n+v-ing 36．inflectional affix／inflectional morpheme 37．n+v-er 3.concatenation 39．collocative meaning 40．suffix／derivational affix V．Definethefollowingterms． 41．An encyclopedia provides encyclopedic information concerning each headword；it is not concerned with the language per se. 42．Borrowed words,also，known，as loan words，are words taken over from foreign languages． 43．It refers to the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word with a part of another word． 44．Extension is a process by which a word which originally had a specialized meaning has now become generalized． 45.idiom composed of a verb plus a preposition and／or a particle． VI.Answer the following questions．Your answers should be clear and short．Write your answers in the space given below． 46．Prefixation does not generally change the word-class of the stem；it only modifies its meaning. e.g．treat--maltreat Suffixation，On，the other hand，changes the word-class instead of its meaning.e.g．employ—— employer 47.(1)Known as non-linguistic context or context of situation． (2)components a.participants(addresser and addressee) writer and reader speaker and listener／hearer b.time and place c.cultural background 48.要点：1)a common feature peculiar to all natural languages． 2)have more than one sense． 3)The problem of polesemy Can be dealt with from two angles：diachronic approach and synchronic approach． VII．Analyze and comment on the following．Write your answers in the space given below． 49(1)tiger is a hyponym，of carnivore (2)carnivore is a superordinate of tiger (3)tiger feeds on meat as known by all (4)carnivore may feed on meat (5)therefore，a carnivore is a meat-eating animal 50.(1)connotative meaning，known as connotation，refers to the overtones or associations suggested by the conceptual meaning． (2)connotative meanings are not given in the dictionary．but associated with the word in actual context to particular readers or speakers．Thus they are unstable.varying considerably according to culture，historical period and the experience of the individual． (3)For example，home may remind one child of warmth，safety or love，while to another child who is often scolded or beaten at home,it may mean indifference，hatred，or even hell．
教育在线上的历年所有科目自考试题年7月全国自考《英语翻译》试题及答案全国2008年7月高等教育自学考试课程代码：0087请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上I. Multiple Choice Questions (30 points, 2 points for each)A. Directions: This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is the closest equivalent of the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness.1. The image of a sudden wall of dark water carrying the man and his car away in an instant is still imprinted on my mind.A. 突然浑浊的雨水像一面墙一样压了下来，一下子就连人带车都冲走了。这情景直到现在还印在我的脑海里。B. 突然浑浊的雨水像一面墙一样压了下来，一下子就连人带车都冲走了的情景直到现在还印在我的脑海里。C. 突然浑浊的雨水像一面墙一下子就连人带车都冲走了。这情景直到现在还印在我的脑海里。D. 突然浑浊的雨水像一面墙一下子就连人带车都冲走了的情景直到现在还印在我的脑海里。2. He occasionally gave a smart nod, as if in confirmation of some opinion, though he was not thinking of anything in particular.A. 待一会儿他就轻快地把头一点，好象是对某一个意见表示赞成似的，其实他心里头可并没。B. 待一会儿他就轻快地把头一点，好象是对某一个意见表示赞成似的，其实他心里头可并没想什么特别的事儿。C. 待一会儿他就轻快地把头一点，好象是肯定了某一个意见，其实他心里头可并没。D. 待一会儿他就轻快地把头一点，好象是肯定了某一个意见，其实他心里头可并没想什么特别的事儿。3. In the winter of wet years the streams ran full-freshet, and they swelled the river until sometimes it raged and boiled, bank full, and then it was a destroyer.A. 在多雨的年份，冬天水流充沛，引起河面暴涨，直到有时候汹涌翻腾，泛滥两岸，它就成了祸害。B. 在多雨的年份，冬天水流充沛，引起河面暴涨，直到有时候汹涌翻腾，泛滥两岸，就成了祸害。C. 在多雨的年份，冬天水流充沛，引起河面暴涨，有时候汹涌翻腾，泛滥两岸，就成了祸害。D. 在多雨的年份，冬天水流充沛，引起河面暴涨，河有时候汹涌翻腾，泛滥两岸，就成了祸害。4. When the whale is killed, the blubber is stripped off and boiled down, either on board ship or on shore.A. 鲸鱼被杀死之后，鲸脂被剥下来熬油，这项工作有的是在船上进行，有的是在岸上进行的。B. 鲸鱼杀死之后，鲸脂剥下来被熬油，这项工作有的是在船上进行，有的是在岸上进行的。C. 鲸鱼杀死之后，把鲸脂剥下来熬油，这项工作有的是在船上进行，有的是在岸上进行的。D. 鲸鱼被杀死之后，把鲸脂剥下来熬油，这项工作有的是在船上进行，有的是在岸上进行的。5. While we cannot close the gulf between us, we can try to bridge it so that we may be able to talk across it.A. 虽然我们不能缩短双方之间的鸿沟，我们却能够设法搭一座桥，以便我们能够越过它进行会谈。B. 在我们不能弥合双方之间的鸿沟的同时，我们能够设法搭一座桥，以便我们能够越过它进行会谈。C. 既然我们不能弥合双方之间的鸿沟，我们就能够设法搭一座桥，以便我们能够越过它进行会谈。D. 虽然我们不能弥合双方之间的鸿沟，我们却能够设法搭一座桥，以便我们能够越过它进行会谈。6. 我最恨那些欺名盗世、欺骗读者的谎言。A. That I hate most are those glory-seeking writers who deceive the public with their lies.B. Whatever I hate most are those glory-seeking writers who deceive the public with their lies.C. What I hate most are those glory-seeking writers they deceive the public with their lies.D. What I hate most are those glory-seeking writers who deceive the public with their lies.7. 虽然还没有中国共产党，但是已经有了大批的赞成俄国革命的具有初步共产主义思想的知识分子。A. Although the Communist Party of China had not yet come into existence, but there were already large numbers of intellectuals who approved of the Russian Revolution and had the rudiments of communist ideology.B. Although the Communist Party of China had not yet come into existence, there were already large numbers of intellectuals who approved of the Russian Revolution and had the rudiments of communist ideology.C. Although the Communist Party of China had not yet come into existence, there were already large numbers of intellectuals they approved of the Russian Revolution and had the rudiments of communist ideology.D. Although the Communist Party of China had not yet come into existence, there were already large numbers of intellectuals whom approved of the Russian Revolution and had the rudiments of communist ideology.8. 北海公园原是历代封建帝王的“御花园”，总面积共有68.2公顷。A. Bei Hai (North Lake) Park, covers an area of 68.2 hectares, was the imperial garden in the feudal dynasties.B. Bei Hai (North Lake) Park, covers an area of 68.2 hectares, being the imperial garden in the feudal dynasties.C. Bei Hai (North Lake) Park, covering an area of 68.2 hectares, which was the imperial garden in the feudal dynasties.D. Bei Hai (North Lake) Park, covering an area of 68.2 hectares, was the imperial garden in the feudal dynasties.9. 中国山区面积占国土总面积的70%。A. Mountainous areas account for 70 percent of China’s total territory.B. Mountainous areas account of 70 percent of China’s total territory.C. Mountainous areas count for 70 percent of China’s total territory.D. Mountainous areas count of 70 percent of China’s total territory.10. 鼓励合营企业向中国境外销售产品。A. An equity joint venture shall encourage to market its products outside China.B. An equity joint venture shall encourage its products sold outside China.C. An equity joint venture shall be encouraged to market its products outside China.D. An equity joint venture shall be encouraged to market its products over China.B. Directions: This part consists of five unfinished statements, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes each statement.11. 著名的“信、达、雅”翻译标准是我国近代翻译家______提出来的。A. 林纾B. 周煦良C. 钱钟书D. 严复12. 关于语序的论述，下列说法中正确的是______。A. 英语有时态，可以通过动词的变化显出动作发生的先后顺序，而且英语大量使用分词和从句；而汉语叙事多靠并列结构，依靠各成分之间的顺序，尤其是时间顺序和逻辑顺序。B. 英语叙事多靠并列结构，依靠各成分之间的顺序，尤其是时间顺序和逻辑顺序；而汉语有时态，可以通过动词的变化显出动作发生的先后顺序，而且英语大量使用分词和从句。C. 英语有时态，可以通过时间顺序和逻辑顺序显出动作发生的先后顺序，而且英语大量使用分词和从句；而汉语叙事多靠并列结构，依靠各成分之间的顺序，尤其是动词的使用。D. 英语有时态，可以通过并列结构，依靠各成分之间的顺序，尤其是动词的使用显出动作发生的先后顺序，而且英语大量使用分词和从句；而汉语叙事多靠时间顺序和逻辑顺序。13. 傅雷的翻译主张是______。A. 重形似不重神似B. 既重形似也重神似C. 重神似不重形似D. 既不重形似也不重神似 14. 下面关于Saint Jerome的翻译观点，正确的是______。A. I have always aimed at translating sense, not words.B. I have always aimed at translating words, not sense.C. I have always aimed at translating both sense and words.D. I have always aimed at translating neither sense nor words. 15. 原文：“I have seventy-two grandchildren, and if I were sad each time I parted from one of them, I should have a dismal existence!” “Madre snaturale,” he replied.译文：“我的孙子孙女有七十二个，要是每离开一个都要难过，我的生活可就太痛苦了。”听了这话，老先生竟说，“这个做母亲的真怪呀！”本句中画线部分运用的主要翻译方法是：______.A. 反译B. 减词C. 增词D. 省略II. Words and phrases translation（20 points，1 point for each）A. Directions: Put the following words and phrases into Chinese.16. VIP17. arteries of communication 18. annual flood 19. global economy 20. maternal grandmother 21. Gone with the Wind 22. in one’s early teens 23. the Arctic Ocean 24. to enact legislation 25. magnificent dinner B. Directions: Put the following words and phrases into English.26. 大思想家 27. 第一次世界大战 28. 文物 29. 宜农荒地 30. 儿童文学 31. 初冬 32. 中国大戏院 33. 可持续发展战略 34. 平等互利原则 35. 归根到底 III. Translation Revision（20 points，2 points for each）A. Directions: Each of the following translated sentences is inadequate. Revise the given versions.Example:原文：Adelaide enjoys a Mediterranean climate.译文：阿德莱德享有地中海气候。改译：阿德莱德属地中海气候。36. 原文：The school education at the time could only dull an inventive mind.译文：当时的学校教育只能让创造的心灵愚钝。 37. 原文： On behalf of all of your American guests, I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality.译文：代表你们的所有美国客人，我向你们表示感谢，感谢你们的无可比拟的盛情款待。38. 原文：When he had climbed the hill above the field he looked back. He could see the white shapes of the girls dancing on the grass.译文：只要他爬上小山，就回头向下看。似乎能看到姑娘们的白色身影在草地上舞动。39. 原文：The liver oil is given to those people who need certain vitamins.译文：鱼肝油是给那些缺乏维生素的人服用的。40. 原文：More than eight years have passed since Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping and I joined hands to establish full diplomatic relations between our two nations.译文：自从邓小平副总理和我共同建立我们两国之间的圆满外交关系以来，已经八年多了。B. Directions: Each of the following translated sentences is inadequate. Revise the given versions.Example:原文：中国在任何情况之下决不首先使用核武器。译文：At no time China will be the first to use nuclear weapons.改译：At no time will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.41. 原文：孟母靠织布来维持生计。译文：Meng’s mother lived on weaving.42. 原文：祈年殿于1545年改建为一座镏金宝顶的三重檐圆殿。译文：The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest was rebuilt into round-shaped hall with triple eaves and gilded ball on the top in 1545.43. 原文：我坐在宫门台阶上，欣赏宫门口那一座大花坛，花坛里栽的是红、黄、白、紫四色分明的盛开的郁金香。译文：I sat on the steps at the entrance of the palace, enjoying the big flower beds near the gate filled with blooming tulips of distinctive red, yellow, white and purple.44. 原文：我从头到脚淋成个落汤鸡了。译文：I was drenched from head to foot like a wet chick.45. 原文：合营企业的一切活动应遵守中华人民共和国法律，法令和有关条例规定。译文：All activities of a joint venture should comply with the provisions of the laws, decrees and pertinent regulations of the People’s Republic of China. IV. Paragraph Translation (30 points)A. Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. (15 points)46.President Clinton realized — as all of us must — that today’s economy is global. We live in an era in which information, goods and capital speed around the globe, every hour of every day. Whether we like it or not, all of our fortunes are tied together. We are truly interdependent.America supports international trade because we believe fundamentally that trade will enrich those nations who embrace its discipline. The great promise of trade is its potential to promote mutual prosperity — and to strengthen the bonds between sovereign nations.The U. S. and China both demonstrate the potential of trade to improve the lives of our people. You know better than I the great achievements of the Chinese economy over the past two decades.B. Directions: Translate the following passage into English. (15 points)47.生命中不是只有快乐，也不是只有痛苦，快乐和痛苦是相生相成，互相衬托的。快乐是一抹微云，痛苦是压城的乌云，这不同的云彩，在你生命的天边重叠着，在“夕阳无限好”的时候，就给你造成一个美丽的黄昏。一个生命到了“只是近黄昏”的时节，落霞也许会使人留恋，惆怅。但人类的生命是永不止息的。地球不停地绕着太阳自转。
你也是自考英语的，以后可以聊聊1205042765QQ
全国2009年4月高等教育自学考试 英语国家概况试题 课程代码：00522 I. Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (50 points, 1 point for each) 1. Strictly speaking, “the British Isles” refers to_______. A. Great Britain B. Ireland C. the United Kingdom D. Great Britain and Ireland 2. Which of the following kings was responsible for the complete establishment of the feudal system in England? A. Edward I B. Henry II C. Alfred the Great D. William the Conqueror 3. The spirit of the Great Charter was ______. A. a limitation of the powers of the king B. a guarantee of the freedom of the serfs C. a limitation of the powers of the Church D. a declaration of equality among all people 4. Which of the following is NOT true about the result of the Black Death? A. Much land was left untended. B. There was a terrible shortage of labour. C. The surviving peasants had lost their power of bargaining. D. Landowners tended to change from arable to sheep-farming. 5. The War of Roses that took place from 1455 to 1485 was fought between ______. A. Britain and France B. the Parliament and the Crown C. the working people and the aristocrats D. two branches of the Plantagenet family 6. The English Renaissance was largely literary, and it achieved its finest expression in the so-called ______. A. Romantic poetry B. Romantic fiction C. Elizabethan poetry D. Elizabethan drama 7. British constitutional monarchy is a system under which the powers of the ______ are limited by Parliament or the constitution. A. church B. king or queen C. government ministers D. Bishop’s court 8. The Tories in Britain were the forerunners of ______, which still bears this nickname today. A. the Labor Party B. the Liberal Party C. the Conservative Party D. the Social Democratic Party 9. Which of the following was NOT included in the six-point demand of the Chartist Movement? A. Equal electoral districts B. Voting by secret ballot C. The vote for all adult males D. The vote for all adult females 10. During the First World War, Britain was allied with ______. A. Turkey B. the Central Powers C. France and Russia D. Germany and Austria-Hungary 11. Who was the man that led Britain in the crisis of the Second World War? A. George VI B. Theodore Roosevelt C. Neville Chamberlain D. Sir Winston Churchill 12. The new policies adopted by Mrs. Thatcher and Conservative Government after the 1979 election was known as ______. A. Thatcherism B. the New Deal C. New Frontier D. Keynesianism 13. Over the past one thousand years, the British ______ has been broken only once between 1649 and 1660. A. Cabinet B. Parliament C. Monarchy D. Privy Council 14. Who has the power to appoint the Prime Minister in Britain? A. The Queen B. The Parliament C. The House of Lords D. The Church of England 15. In Britain, a full meeting of ______ is called only when a Sovereign dies or announces his or her intention to marry. A. the Privy Council B. the Parliament C. the House of Commons D. the House of Lords 16. Which of the following is NOT involved in the British judicial responsibilities? A. Attorney General B. Ministry of Justice C. The Lord Chancellor D. The Home Secretary 17. Bank holidays in Britain refer to ______. A. official public holidays B. holidays for the banks only C. public holidays except for the banks D. holidays for the financial institutions only 18. Which statement about the British universities is NOT true? A. They enjoy academic freedom. B. They cannot appoint their own staff. C. They are governed by royal charters. D. They provide their own courses and award their own degrees. 19. ______, the most popular sport in England as well as in Europe, has its traditional home in England where it was developed in the 19th century. A. Basketball B. Tennis C. Football D. Baseball 20. London’s Metropolitan Police Force is directly under the control of _______. A. the Prime Minister B. the Lord Chancellor C. the Home Secretary D. the Attorney General 21. Which statement about the Puritans is NOT true? A. The Puritans did not allow religious dissent. B. The Puritans were poor artisans and unskilled peasants. C. They were dissatisfied with the political corruption in England. D. They went to the United States to establish what they considered the true church. 22. The largest racial and ethnic minority in the U.S. is the ______, which accounts over 12.1% of the population. A. blacks B. Asians C. Indians D. Hispanics 23. The three well-known authors who penned the Federalist Papers are ______. A. Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and John Jay B. George Washington, James Madison and John Jay C. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay D. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Adams 24. When Abraham Lincoln was elected president, the southern states broke away and formed a new nation called ______. A. the Southern States of America B. the Federalist States of America C. the Confederate States of America D. the Anti-confederate States of America 25. With the development of industry and extension of railroad network in the early 20th century in the U.S.A., there appeared ______. A. a rapid growth of cities B. an influx of foreign goods C. an increase of urban ghettos D. a great increase in the number of farms 26. In the early 19th century, ______ actively used the Sherman Antitrust Act to stop monopolistic business mergers in the United States. A. J.P. Morgan B. Woodrow Wilson C. Henry Rockefeller D. Theodore Roosevelt 27. The Red Scare in 1919 and 1920 was a typical example of American ______. A. religious intolerance B. intolerant nationalism C. Progressive Movement D. deregulation of big trusts 28. In the early 1930s, the American foreign policy was isolationist, but the ______ suddenly changed the whole situation, which propelled the U.S. into the Second World War. A. Pearl Harbor attack B. bombing of Guam island C. seizing of American merchant ships D. sinking of American passenger ships 29. In 1962, President ______ finally decided on the use of naval force to prevent military material and arms from entering Cuba and demanded Soviet removal of the missiles there. A. Nixon B. Truman C. Johnson D. Kennedy 30. In 1853, in the ______, another 30,000 square miles of Mexican land were added to the territory of the U.S.A. A. Atlantic Purchase B. Mexican Purchase C. Gadsden Purchase D. Louisiana Purchase 31. The four problems that face the economy of the United States are______. A. unemployment, inflation, financial crisis and trade deficit B. unemployment, inflation, financial deficit and trade deficit C. mortgage losses, inflation, financial deficit and trade deficit D. unemployment, market failures, financial deficit and trade deficit 32. Which statement about the U.S. Constitution is NOT true? A. It is the supreme law of the land. B. It is the oldest written constitution in the world. C. It was adopted in 1781 at the Second Continental Congress. D. It provides the basis for political stability, economic growth and social progress. 33. The American President usually takes an oath of office, administered by the ______ of the United States in January. A. Chief Justice B. House Speaker C. Secretary of State D. Senate Majority Leader 34. The U.S. Constitution provides that the ______ shall be President of the Senate. A. Vice President B. Secretary of State C. Senate Majority Leader D. Senate Minority Leader 35. Which one of the following is NOT government-run at the U.S. federal level? A. Motor vehicle B. The road system C. National defense D. The postal service 36. It is generally agreed that U.S. higher education began with the______. A. Civil War B. Independence War C. founding of Harvard College D. founding of Princeton University 37. Formal education in the United States consists of ______. A. kindergarten, junior and senior education B. junior, elementary and secondary education C. elementary, secondary and higher education D. kindergarten, secondary and higher education 38. In his Old Man and the Sea, Ernest Hemingway ______. A. expresses the idea of facing defeat courageously B. shows the basic goodness and wisdom of ordinary people C. praises the ideas of equality and democracy and the joy of common people D. describes the sharp contrast of wealth and poverty in Chicago and New York 39. In the early part of the 19th century, ______ was the center of American writing. A. Boston B. Detroit C. New York City D. Philadelphia 40. The most important patriotic holiday in the U.S. is ______. A. Halloween B. Veterans’ Day C. Thanksgiving Day D. Independence Day 41. The capital city of Ireland is ______. A. Cork B. Dublin C. Galway D. Waterford 42. Historically, Ireland has been free of ethnic conflicts because of its ______. A. racial unity B. racial homogeneity C. multi-culturalism D. high rate of emigration 43. Ireland has the following demographic features EXCEPT ______. A. a late marriage age B. an excess of females in the population C. a high proportion of bachelors and spinsters of all ages D. a low birthrate compounded by a century of emigration 44. Which of the following is a typical bilingual city in Canada? A. Ottawa B. Calgary C. Toronto D. Vancouver 45. Which of the following statements about immigration in Canada is NOT true? A. It is estimated that one-third of Canadians were born in other countries. B. Immigration has always been an important source of its population growth. C. Immigration has played an important role in the development of its economy. D. in the past Britain and Western Europe were the principal sources of Canadian immigration. 46. In terms of land area, Canada is the ______ largest country in the world. A. second B. third C. fourth D. fifth 47. The head of state of Australia is ______. A. the Governor B. the President C. the Prime Minister D. the Queen of England 48. ______ is the only city on the western coast of Australia with a population of over one million. A. Perth B. Sydney C. Brisbane D. Melbourne 49. A ______, where two parts of the earth’s crust meet, runs the length of New Zealand. A. fault line B. built area C. dormant volcano D. geothermal area 50. The Treaty of Waitangi in 1840 was an agreement between ______. A. the Maori whalers and the British Crown B. the Maori people and the British missionaries C. the Maori traders and the British missionaries D. the chiefs of the Maori people and the British Crown II. Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (30 points, 3 points for each) 51. What are the main functions of the British Parliament? 52. What were the two countries Elizabeth I successfully played off against each other for nearly 30 years? 53. What was the outcome of the English Civil War? 54. What are the three main Christian festivals in the U.K.? 55. What were the three cornerstones of American postwar economic boom? 56. What was the most important document produced between China and the United States when President Nixon visited China in 1972? 57. What is the most central function of the U.S. Congress? 58. What are the two major parties that dominate American politics at the federal, state and local levels? 59. What are the two official languages used in Ireland? 60. Who are the native people living in Australia? III. Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet in around 40 words. (20 points, 5 points for each) 61. Open University 62. The Speaker (of the House of Commons in Britain) 63. Muckrakers 64. The stock market crash of 1929