第1段：员工有必要接受“再培训”。1、"Reskilling" is something 【 that sounds like a buzzword】 but is actually a requirement { if we plan to have a future 【 in which a lot of would-be workers do not get left behind】} 。在培训听上去是一个流行语，但如果我们希望未来的员工不被时代抛弃的话，这实际上是一个必要条件 。——“再培训”是员工进步的必要条件 2、 We know（that） {【we are moving into a period 】（where the jobs in demand will change rapidly）, as will the requirements of the jobs 【that remain】.}我们知道人们正在进入一个工作需求将发生迅速变化的时期，剩余岗位的需求也会很快改变。 —— 工作需求正发生迅速变化。 as引导方式状语，“就像”，后面倒装。正常语序是the requirements of the jobs that remain will （change rapidly） 3、 ⭐ Research by the World Economic Forum finds that on average 42 per cent of the"core skills" within job roles will change by 2022. That is a very short timeline. 世界经济论坛发现42%的核心技能，赋予的工作角色将要被改变。在2022年世界经济论坛的研究发现，到2020年工作岗位中平均有42%的核心技能将发生改变。剩下的时间不多了。 ——通过世界经济论坛佐证，“员工需要新的工作技能” 第2段：谁来为员工“再培训”买单？ 1、The question of who should pay for reskilling is a thorny one. 这个问题谁来买单这个重塑技能是一个棘手的问题。 2、 ⭐ For individual companies, the temptation is always to let go of workers 【whose skills are no longer in demand 】and replace them with those 【whose skills are.（省略 in demand） 】 对于个别公司来说，他们喜欢的做法总是抛弃那些技能不再有用的员工，取而代之的是那些具备符合要求技能的员工。 3、（转折句）That does not always happen. 这也不经常发生。 4、 ⭐ AT&T is often given as the gold standard of a company 【 that decided to do a massive reskilling program rather than go with a fire-and-hire strategy. 】 有的公司决定进行大规模再培训项目，而非采取解雇和雇佣的策略。美国电话电报公司就经常被视作这类公司的典范。我们找到第2题关键词，但是这个例子本身。例证题是要去找的外面去找第三句是转折句，所以我们找第二句，第二句是跟第四句的反义。 5、Other companies had also pledged to create their own plans. 其他公司也承诺会制定自己的计划。 6、When the skills mismatch is in the broader economy, though（转折） ,the focus usually turns to government to handle.然而当技能不匹配的现象出现在更广泛的经济领域时，焦点常常会转向政府，并由其处理。 7、 ⭐ Efforts in Canada and elsewhere have been arguably languid at best, and have given us a situation 【where we frequently hear of employers （begging for workers）】,even at times and in regions【 where unemployment is high】.可以这么说。加拿大和其他地方付出的努力，充其量还是不够。含这也使我们经常听到雇主央求招聘员工的情况发生，即使在失业率高的时期和地区也是如此。 languid表示“慵懒，慢悠悠”即努力不够，这词一般不认识考上下文。 and have givenus asituation，and 说明与上句并列意思基本一致，说明解决问题的努力（efforts）还不够，要不怎会出现招工难？ 第3段：高失业率下依然存在劳动力短缺现象 1、With the pandemic,unemployment is very high indeed. 随着流行疾病失业的人确实越来越高却确实非常高 2、In February,at 3.5 percent and 5.5 percent respectively,unemployment rates in Canada and United States were at generational lows and worker shortages were everywhere. 二月加拿大和美国的失业率分别为3.5%和5.5降到了代际低点，劳动力短缺的现象随处可见。 3、As of May, those rates had spiked up to 13.3 per cent and 13.7 per cent,and although many worker shortages had disappeared, not all had done so. 截至五月，两国失业率已经分别飙升到13%和13.7%，尽管许多工作的短缺情况消失了，但也并非所有行业都解决了这一问题。 4、 ⭐ In the medical field, to take an obvious example,the pandemic meant that there were still clear shortages of doctors, nurses and other medical personnel. 一个明显的例子，就是在医疗领域，疫情的爆发意味着医生护士和其他医务人员仍存在着大量短缺。 第4段：开展再培训的必要性 1、Of course,it is not like you can take and unemployed waiter and train him to be a doctor in a few weeks. 当然这并不是说你能在几周之内把一个失业的服务员培训他们成为一名医生 2、But even if you cannot close that gap,may be you can close others,and doing so would be to the benefit of all concerned. 但即便不能填补这个空缺，也许还在其他方面，可以有所突破。这样对所有的相关人员，都有好处。 3、 ⭐ That seems to be the case in Sweden: 【When forced to furlough 90 per cent of their cabin staff】 , Scandinavian Airlines decided to start up a short retraining program 【 that reskilled the laid-off workers to support hospital staff.】 瑞典似乎就有这样的情况，90%的空乘人员被迫休假后，北欧航空决定启动一项再培训的项目，重新培训这些失业的员工以支援医院的工作。 4、The effort was a collective one and involved other companies as well as a Swedish university. 这是一次集体的行动，其他公司和一所瑞典的大学都参与到了其中。21.Research by the World Economic Forum Suggests _____.世界经济论坛的研究 表明 了？ [A] an urgent demand for new job skills （“既然42%要变” ，那么对新的工作技能迫切的需求） [B] an increase in full-time employment 无中生有 [C] a steady growth of job opportunities 无中生有 [D]a controversy about the"core skills" 原文是 will change，并没有说“争议” 答案∶ A 22. AT&T is cited to show_____.【例证题找例外】文章引用at and t是为了证明？ [A] The characteristics of reskilling in programs 在培训的项目特点 无中生有 [B] The importance of staff appraisal standards 员工评价标准的重要性 无中生有 [C] An immediate need for government support 干扰项出自第6句，though转折了，故与A无关 [D]An alternative to the five-and-hire standards 解雇和雇佣策略之外的另一种选择 good 答案∶D 23.Efforts to resolve the skills mismatch in Canada___. 细节题（稍难） 在加拿大解决技能不匹配问题 努力 [A] have appeared to be insufficient 似乎还不够 注意题目问的是对“努力”的评价 [B] have driven labour costs up 抬高劳动力成本 无中生有 [C] have proved ti be inconsistent 被证明是矛盾的 无中生有 [D] have met with fierce opposition 遭到激烈反对 无中生有 答案∶A 24. We can learn from Paragraph 3 that there was_____.细节题（简） [A] a sign of economic recovery 暗示经济复苏 无中生有 [B] a call for policy adjustment 一种对政策调整的呼吁 无中生有 [C] a change in hiring practices 一种招聘方式的改变 无中生有 [D] a lack of medical workers 答案∶D 25.Scandinavian Airlines decided to_____.细节题（易） [A] create job vacancies for the unemployed 为失业者创造职位空缺。空缺不对，原文是给失业员工创造新的工作机会 [B] retrain their cabin staff for better services 前半句重新培训对，后半句无中生有 [C] prepare their laid-off workers for other jobs 让失业员工为其他工作做好准备 [D] finance their staffs' college education 为员工的大学教育提供资助 干扰项最后一句，原文是有一所大学参与这个项目，不是资助员工读大学 答案∶Cforum论坛 let go of 释放 放弃 massive 巨大 pledge 保证 arguably 按理 languid 慵懒 at best 最多充其量 Pendemic 流行病 spike 迅速增长 concerned 有关的 furlough 临时解雇 collective 集体的
Part B Directions: Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph(41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) [A] Stay calm [B] Stay humble [C] Don't make judgments [D] Be realistic about the risks [E] Decide whether to wait [F] Ask permission to disagree [G] Identify a shared goal How to Disagree with Someone More Powerful than You Your boss proposes a new initiative you think won't work.Your senior colleague outlines a project timeline you think is unrealistic.What do you say when you disagree with someone who has more power than you do? How do you decide whether it's worth speaking up? And if you do, what exactly should you say? Here's how to disagree with someone more powerful than you. You may decide it's best to hold of on voicing your opinion.Maybe you haven't finished thinking the problem through, the whole discussion was a surprise to you,or you want to get a clearer sense of what the group thinks.If you think other people are going to disagree too,you might want to gather your army first. People can contribute experience or information to your thinking— all the things that would make the disagreement stronger or more valid. It's also a good idea to delay the conversation if you're in a meeting or other public space.Discussing the issue in private will make the powerful person feel less threatened. 42.________________ Before you share your thoughts,think about what the powerful person cares about — it may be"the credibility"of their team or getting a project done on time.You're more likely to be heard if you can connect your disagreement to a higher purpose. When you do speak up, don't assume the link will be clear. You'll want to state it overtly, contextualizing your statements so that you're seen not as a disagreeable underling but as a colleague who's trying to advance a shared goal.The discussion will then become more like a chess game than a boxing match. 43.________________ This step may sound overly deferential, but, it's a smart way to give the powerful person psychological safety and control You can say something like,"I know we seem to be moving toward a fist-quarter commitment here.I have reasons to think that won't work.I'd like to lay out my reasoning. Would that be OK?"This gives the person a choice,allowing them to verbally opt in.And,assuming they say yes it ill make you feel more confident about voicing your disagreement. 44.________________ You might feel your heart racing or your face turning red,but do whatever you can to remain neutral in both your words and actions. When your body language communicates reluctance oranxiety,it undercuts the message.It sends a mixed message,and your counterpart gets to choose what to read. Deep breaths can help,as can speaking more slowly and deliberately. When we feel panicky we tend to talk louder and faster. Simply slowing the pace and talking in an even tone helps calm the other person down and does the same for you. It also makes you seem confident, even if you aren't. 45.________________ Emphasize that you're offering your opinion, not gospel truth.It may be a well-informed well-researched opinion,but it's still an opinion,my talk tentatively and slightly understate your confidence.Instead of saying something like,"If we set an end-of-quarter deadline, we'll never make it,"say,"This is just my opinion,but I don't see how we will make that deadline."Having asserted your position ((as a position,not as a fact), demonstrate equal curiosity about other views.Remind the person that this is your point of view,and then invite critique.Be genuinely open to hearing other opinions. 答案∶
网上这些是没有的，主管部门也不公布的，我也找了很久，也咨询过很多人，得出结论就是：自己看书吧，好好努力考试！祝你好运！自考的孩子伤不起啊！！！
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建设和谐校园的关键在于让每个学生都能积极参加进来。 The key to constructing a harmonious campus lies in the fact that every student will be able to participate actively. 86 Practice should go hand in hand with theory. 实践应该与理论紧密结合。 87 Closely related to our daily life are goods prices. 商品价格与我们的日常生活密切相关。 88 One who makes no investigation has no right to speak. 没有调查，就没有发言权。 89 Individual freedom does not in any way mean that you can do what you like at your freewill. 个人自由绝不意为着你能够为所欲为。 90 When it came to his amazing achievements,the famous scientist put an emphasis on the importance of creating rather than waiting for opportunities. 当谈到惊人成就时，这位著名的科学家更强调创造的重要性而不是等待机遇。 考前冲刺预测试卷（二）参考答案及解析 Part 五 81 时间是世界上最容易浪费，也是最难把握的东西。 Time is the easiest thing in the world and the most difficult thing to control. 82 多数人已经开始认识到，如果要确保未来在矿物，食物，林木等方面的供应，我们必须节约资源。 Most people have come to realized that we must conserve resources if we want to ensure the supply of minerals,food,forests,etc. for the future. 83 如果他被迫去做他不乐意的事，他不可能高兴。 If he is compelled to do what he does not enjoy doing,he cannot be happy. 84 学生应该重视学习中的困难，而不要逃避它们。 Student should confront/face difficulties in their studies instead of escaping from them. 85 今天他起得很早，以免开会迟到。 He rose early this morning so as not to/in order that he would not be late for the conference. 86 They，not surprisingly,did not respond at all. 他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇的。 87 The new policy represents a complete departure from their previous position. 新政策表明他们已彻底背离原先的立场。 88 I didn’t go to town yesterday both because of the nasty weather and the fact that I was not feeling myself. 我昨天没有进城，一来是因为天气不好，二来是我不舒服。 89 All citizens who have reached the age of eighteen have the right to vote and to stand for election. 年满18岁的公民，都有选举权和被选举权。 90 The economic growth of our country must rely on rational utilization of available resources. 我们必须合理利用现有资源促进我国的经济发展。 考前冲刺预测试卷（三）参考答案及解析 Part 五 81 电脑在我们的日常生活中起着非常重要的作用。 Computers play a very important role in our daily life. 82 由你决定邀请谁来参加下周的聚会。 It is up to you who will be invited to the party next week. 83 这部电影使我回想起了在北京所看到的情景。 The movie reminds me of what I have seen in Beijing. 84 直到天黑了，他才意识到太晚了而无法回家。 He didn’t realize it was too late to go home until it was dark. 85 萨姆（Sam）买不起他极想要的那种照相机，因为那种相机太贵了。 Sam could not afford (to buy) the camera he longed for because it was too expensive. 86 Each day we make choices that affect our lives and sometimes the lives of others. 我们每天遇事都得拿主意，主意拿的对不对，会影响我们的生活，有时也影响别人的生活。 87 Americans have a great range of customs and habits that at first may seem puzzling to visitors. 美国人有许多风俗习惯在陌生人看来是颇为费解的。 88 The advertising campaign didn’t have much effect on sales. 这次广告宣传并没有起到多大的促销作用。 89 The secret of life is not to do what one likes,but to try to like what one has to do. 生活的秘诀不在于做自己喜欢做的，而在于喜欢自己不得不做的。 90 The main street looks more beautiful than ever with all the lights on. 路边所有的灯都亮了，这条大街看起来从来没有这么漂亮过。 2016年武汉纺织大学普通专升本考试《英语》真题参考答案及解析 Part 五 Section A 1 只要明天天气好，我们就和同学一起去游泳。 As long as it is fine tomorrow,we will go swimming with my classmates. 2 有这么多人的关心，在国外的最初几个月里，她感到非常幸福。 With so many people caring about her,she feels very happy in the first few months abroad. 3 新图书馆比以前的大两倍。（或者译为“新图书馆是以前的三倍大”。） The new library is three times as large as the old one. 4 这张图片让我想起了在上海度过的快乐时光。 This photo reminds me of the happy time(that)I spent in Shanghai. 5 地震中，许多房屋受损严重，成千上万的人无家可归。 A lot of houses were seriously damaged in the earthquake,so that thousands of people were left homeless. Section B 1 Professional hair-care products indicates that consumers are paying as much attention to their hair as to skin. 专业护发产品（的出现）表明消费者即重视护肤，又重视护发。 2 Women would double their risk of suffering from lung cancer if they were exposed to 40 or more years of household tobacco smoke. 如果妇女在吸烟的环境中生活40年或更长时间，那么患肺癌的风险就会加倍。 3 Though technically quite advanced today,the Internet is far from being popular with average household users in some developing countries. 尽管互联网技术现在已经十分先进，但是在一些发展中国家互联网在普通用户中还远远没有普及。 4 Your products wouldn’t have sold so well but for a lot of advertisements we put on the television. 要不是我们在电视上打了那么多广告，你们的产品不会卖的那么好。 5 The regulations make it safer for you to use your credit card for shopping on the Internet or over the phone. 这些规章制度使得你用信用卡网购或电话购物时更安全。 2017年武汉纺织大学普通专升本考试《英语》真题参考答案及解析 Part 五 1 不要以貌取人。 Don’t judge a person by his/her appearance. 2 我一听到这首歌就感到愉快。 I felt happy the moment I heard this song. 3 只要你准时归还就可以用这本书 As long as you return it on time,you can use this book. 4 他的工作就是照看老人。 His work is looking/to look after the old. 5 上大学是我人生重要的转折点 Going to college is an important turning point in my life. 6 No matter how little money you have,you should deposit some money in the bank regularly. 不管你有多少钱，你都应该定期在银行存一些钱。 7 This style of architecture originated with the ancient Greek. 这种建筑风格起源于希腊。 8 With the development of economy,travelling is becoming more and more popular in China now. 随着经济的发展，旅游在中国越来越受人们的欢迎。 9 This school puts emphasis on students’ability to solve problems independently. 这所学校注重学生独立解决问题的能力。 10 It is unfair to think that goods from abroad must be better than those made at home. 认为外国的商品一定比国内生产的好，这是不公平的。 2018荆楚理工学院普通专升本考试《英语》真题参考答案及解析 Part IV 1 我们已决定提前完成这项工作。 We have determined to get the work done ahead of schedule. 2 你走了这么远的路，一定很累。 You must be tired after your long journey. 3 除了继续前进，我们没有别的选择余地。 We have no alternative but to forge ahead. 4 老师在等我，我得走了。 The teacher is waiting for me,so I must go now. 5 一看到那颗大树，我便会想起童年的情景。 The sight of the big tree always reminds me of my childhood. 6 We must awaken people to the importance of environment protection now. 我们现在必须唤醒人们对环保重要性的认识。 7 By the time you arrived in London,we had stayed there for two weeks. 当你到达伦敦时，我们已经在哪里待了两个星期了。 8 Either the players or the coach is responsible for the defeat. 不是运动员就是教练应该对这次比赛的失利负责。 9 We shall let you know the details soon in order that you can make your arrangements. 我们将尽快让你们知道详情，以便你们能够做出安排。 10 The young,on the one hand,often think of the old conservative.On the other hand, the old always consider the young inexperience. 一方面，青年人常认为老年人保守；另一方面，老年人总是认为青年人没有经验。 2018年湖北中医药大学普通专升本考试《英语》真题参考答案及解析 Part III 1 在餐馆迟的食物所含的脂肪，糖和盐的成分都很高。 The food that you take in restaurants are high in fat,sugar and salt. 2 这个男孩儿昨天晚上表现挺好。 The boy behaved very well last night. 3 校长的日程表安排得满满的。 The principal has a very tight schedule. 4 我父亲把诚实看得比什么都重要。 My father values honesty beyond all things. 5 要不是当初得到你的帮助，我真的不知道自己会做出什么样的事情。 Had it not been for your help,I really don’t know what I’d have done. 6 There is no smoke without fire. 无风不起浪 7 Once you gain confidence in yourself,you can judge truth and error with you own mind. 一旦你获得了自信，就能用自己的头脑去判断真理和错误。 8 Some of the stories were really more than could be believed. 有些故事实在不能令人相信。 9 His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery. 他没有遵守安全规则，结果机器出了故障。 10 Language is learned in small bits. 学语言是日积月累的过程。 2018年武汉轻工大学普通专升本考试《英语》真题参考答案及解析 Part IV 1 He had fallen in love with her picture even before he met her.His wife had a great influence on Twain’s later books. 甚至在没有见到她之前，他已经爱上了她的照片。马克吐温的妻子对他后来的写作有着极大的影响。 2 His travels around the country giving talks on different kinds of subjects helped make him famous and increased the sale of his books. 他在国内游历的同时做出了不同话题的演讲，这也使得他出名并增加了书的销量。 2019年湖北省普通专升本考试《英语》真题汇编（一）参考答案及解析 Part IV 81 这本书是我看过的最有趣的一本。 This book is the most interesting book(that) I have ever read. 82 他带学生去参观工厂 He took his students to the factory for a visit. 83 给我足够的时间，我也能做好。 Given enough time,I can do it well too. 84 谢谢你给我们帮了这么多的忙。 Thank you for giving us so much help. 85 昨天我是在街道上遇到他的。 It was in the street that I met him yesterday. 86 As is known to us all,light runs faster than sound. 众所周知，光速比声速快。 87 He feels it his duty to help others. 他觉得帮助别人是他的责任。 88 Nothing has happened since we parted. 自我们分别后没发生什么事情。 89 He cannot be operated upon as he is very weak. 他身体很弱，不能动手术。 90 It should be understood that to err is human. 应该理解犯错是人之常情。 2019年湖北省普通专升本考试《英语》真题汇编（二）参考答案及解析 Part IV 81 即时短信是如此便捷以至于现在大家都用它 Instant message is so convenient that everyone uses it now. 82 我们对人生应该有积极的态度。 We should have a positive attitude to/towards life. 83 毫无疑问，她是我们班上学习最好的同学之一。 There is no doubt that she is one of the best students in our class. 84 整个团队的未来都取决于他的决定 The future of the whole team depends/relies on his decision. 85 我们必须仔细观察市场的变化。 We must observe the changes in the market carefully. 86 If you were to exert your influence on him,he might change his mind. 如果你对他施加影响，他可能会改变主意。 87 Although she was new,she got a promotion three months later for her diligence and intelligence. 尽管她还是个新人，因为她的勤奋和智慧，三个月后她升职了。 88 When choosing a job,you should find out what you enjoy doing instead of just applying for any job. 当（你）选择职业时，你应该找到自己喜欢的工作而不仅仅只是申请一份工作。 89 He spoke on behalf of all staffs of the company. 他代表公司所有员工发言。 90 The more exercise you take,the less likely you are to catch a cold. 你进行的锻炼越多，就越不可能感冒。自考/成考有疑问、不知道自考/成考考点内容、不清楚当地自考/成考政策，点击底部咨询官网老师，免费领取复习资料：
今天教务老师给大家收集整理了自考教材解读答案2022，英语，二自考教材答案的相关问题解答，还有免费的自考历年真题及自考复习重点资料下载哦，以下是全国我们为自考生们整理的一些回答，希望对你考试有帮助！2022年10月自考真题答案什么出2022年10月自考真题答案依教育部规定出。根据查询相关公开信息显示自考真题根据教育部规定来出，所以2022年10月自考真题答案依教育部规定出。中华人民共和国教育部是中华人民共和国国务院主管教育事业和语言文字工作的国务院组成部门。2022年4月自考英语二答案什么时候出来4月16日-17日。2022年4月自考于4月16日-17日举行，考试后发布2022年4月自学考试英语二真题及答案。自考英语二是自考本科的公共课程，课程代码是00015，课程学分为14分，自考英语二也是自考本科所有科目里学分最高的科目，使用的是全国版教材。你又教材完全解读英语上册的答案吗王后雄的《教材完全解读》系列属于同步类教辅。既然说是“系列”，肯定就不止一本。而“同步类”的意思就是和你所使用的教材课程一一对应的，所以这个系列按年级、科目分册。而因为各地使用的教材不同，所以在年级、科目相同的情况下，又分为配不同的版本，就是封面上的拼音缩写标注。所以，你所谓的“上册”，肯定是初中的，但不知道是七年级？八年级？还是九年级？也不知道是哪个版本的英语，人教？外研？译林？别人自然没办法给你答案！自考/成考有疑问、不知道自考/成考考点内容、不清楚当地自考/成考政策，点击底部咨询官网老师，免费领取复习资料：
本文论述了：目标设定与其产生的负面影响之间的关系。作者首先指出，目标设定无法兼顾所有相关因素，往往顾此失彼。然后通过公交车和航空公司的案例加以论证，并给出解释：目标设定会造成预料之外的负面影响。最后作者，提出了设立合理目标的诀窍。 It's not difficult to set targets for staff . It is much harder, however ,to understand their negative consequences. Most work-related behaviors have multiple components. Emphasizes one and the others become distorted. 给员工设定目标并不难..然而要理解其造成的负面影响则困难得多.大多数与工作相关的行为都由多个组成部分.强调其中一个就无法被兼顾其他的. Travel on a London bus and you'll quickly see how this works with drivers. Watch people get on and show their tickets. Are they carefully inspected? Never. Do people get on without paying? Of course ! Are there inspectors to check that people have paid? Possibly, but very few. And people who run for the bus? They are ignored How about jumping lights? Buses do so almost as frequently as cyclists. 乘坐伦敦公交车你会很快发现这一规律在司机身上是如何体现的看看人们会不会出示他们的车票然而他们会检查仔细的检查吗？有人不付钱就坐车吗当然有还有检查员去检查人们去付钱了吗也许有但很少。那追赶公交车的人呢司机对其视而不见闯红灯的行为有吗？公交车司机这样做的次数和骑车人几乎一样多。 为什么会出现这样的情景呢？因为设定的工作目标是准时守时的。人们抱怨公交车晚点且班次又少。因此，公交车和专用道已经增加了。司机的奖惩机制也以路上花费的时间为标准。司机完成了目标，但途中也会撞倒骑行者。如果目标改为收益，你就会看见更多的检察员和更为敏感的车票定价。 如果以安全行车为标准，就会有更加谨慎遵守交通法规的司机。但这两个标准，都以牺牲时间为代价。 There is another problem : people became immensely inventive in hitting targets 。 Have you noticed that you can leave on a flight an hour late but still arrive on time? Tailwinds? Of course not! Airlines have simply changed the time a trip is meant to take. A one-hour fight is now ballad as a two-hour flight. 还有一个问题：人们为达到目标会变得极具创造性。你是否注意到：乘坐的飞机延误一小时起飞，但仍然能准时到达？因为顺风，当然不是。航空公司只是改变了飞行所需要的时间，一个小时的航班就被宣称要两个小时。 The background of the story is simple. Most jobs are multidimensional, with multiple criteria. Choose one criterion and you may well sacrifice others. Everything Can be done faster and made cheaper, but there is a cost . Setting targets can and does have unforeseen negative consequences. 对这种现象的解释也很简单。大多数工作是多维度的，有着多重标准。选择了一种标准，你很可能就放弃其他的标准所有的事情都可以做得更快，成本更低，但这是有代价的。设定目标可能会，也确实会造成预料之外的负面影响。 This is not an argument against target-setting. But it is an argument for exploring consequences first. All good targets should have multiple criteria relating to critical factors such as time, money, quality and customer feedback. The trick is not only to specify just one or even two dimensions of the objective, but also to understand how to help people better achieve the objective. 这并不是反对设立目标的理由而是一种要优先探讨后果的论证。所有合理的目标都应该有多个，与时间金钱质量以及客户反馈等关键因素相关的标准。其中的诀窍，不仅是明确目标的一两个方面，还要了解如何帮人们更好地实现这一目标。 选项迷惑词： moreover 此外 assess评估 identify 确认 mock 嘲笑 hospitality 好客的 punctuality 准时 innovation 创新 besides 此外 hire 雇用 rather 相当 once 一旦 revenue 收入 diligent 勤奋的 reveal 揭露 transfer 换乘 departure 出发 form 形式 interpret 解释 calling for 号召 leading to 导致 specify 明确规定 restore 恢复 modify 改变 present 呈现
第1段：员工有必要接受“再培训”。1、"Reskilling" is something 【 that sounds like a buzzword】 but is actually a requirement { if we plan to have a future 【 in which a lot of would-be workers do not get left behind】} 。在培训听上去是一个流行语，但如果我们希望未来的员工不被时代抛弃的话，这实际上是一个必要条件 。——“再培训”是员工进步的必要条件 2、 We know（that） {【we are moving into a period 】（where the jobs in demand will change rapidly）, as will the requirements of the jobs 【that remain】.}我们知道人们正在进入一个工作需求将发生迅速变化的时期，剩余岗位的需求也会很快改变。 —— 工作需求正发生迅速变化。 as引导方式状语，“就像”，后面倒装。正常语序是the requirements of the jobs that remain will （change rapidly） 3、 ⭐ Research by the World Economic Forum finds that on average 42 per cent of the"core skills" within job roles will change by 2022. That is a very short timeline. 世界经济论坛发现42%的核心技能，赋予的工作角色将要被改变。在2022年世界经济论坛的研究发现，到2020年工作岗位中平均有42%的核心技能将发生改变。剩下的时间不多了。 ——通过世界经济论坛佐证，“员工需要新的工作技能” 第2段：谁来为员工“再培训”买单？ 1、The question of who should pay for reskilling is a thorny one. 这个问题谁来买单这个重塑技能是一个棘手的问题。 2、 ⭐ For individual companies, the temptation is always to let go of workers 【whose skills are no longer in demand 】and replace them with those 【whose skills are.（省略 in demand） 】 对于个别公司来说，他们喜欢的做法总是抛弃那些技能不再有用的员工，取而代之的是那些具备符合要求技能的员工。 3、（转折句）That does not always happen. 这也不经常发生。 4、 ⭐ AT&T is often given as the gold standard of a company 【 that decided to do a massive reskilling program rather than go with a fire-and-hire strategy. 】 有的公司决定进行大规模再培训项目，而非采取解雇和雇佣的策略。美国电话电报公司就经常被视作这类公司的典范。我们找到第2题关键词，但是这个例子本身。例证题是要去找的外面去找第三句是转折句，所以我们找第二句，第二句是跟第四句的反义。 5、Other companies had also pledged to create their own plans. 其他公司也承诺会制定自己的计划。 6、When the skills mismatch is in the broader economy, though（转折） ,the focus usually turns to government to handle.然而当技能不匹配的现象出现在更广泛的经济领域时，焦点常常会转向政府，并由其处理。 7、 ⭐ Efforts in Canada and elsewhere have been arguably languid at best, and have given us a situation 【where we frequently hear of employers （begging for workers）】,even at times and in regions【 where unemployment is high】.可以这么说。加拿大和其他地方付出的努力，充其量还是不够。含这也使我们经常听到雇主央求招聘员工的情况发生，即使在失业率高的时期和地区也是如此。 languid表示“慵懒，慢悠悠”即努力不够，这词一般不认识考上下文。 and have givenus asituation，and 说明与上句并列意思基本一致，说明解决问题的努力（efforts）还不够，要不怎会出现招工难？ 第3段：高失业率下依然存在劳动力短缺现象 1、With the pandemic,unemployment is very high indeed. 随着流行疾病失业的人确实越来越高却确实非常高 2、In February,at 3.5 percent and 5.5 percent respectively,unemployment rates in Canada and United States were at generational lows and worker shortages were everywhere. 二月加拿大和美国的失业率分别为3.5%和5.5降到了代际低点，劳动力短缺的现象随处可见。 3、As of May, those rates had spiked up to 13.3 per cent and 13.7 per cent,and although many worker shortages had disappeared, not all had done so. 截至五月，两国失业率已经分别飙升到13%和13.7%，尽管许多工作的短缺情况消失了，但也并非所有行业都解决了这一问题。 4、 ⭐ In the medical field, to take an obvious example,the pandemic meant that there were still clear shortages of doctors, nurses and other medical personnel. 一个明显的例子，就是在医疗领域，疫情的爆发意味着医生护士和其他医务人员仍存在着大量短缺。 第4段：开展再培训的必要性 1、Of course,it is not like you can take and unemployed waiter and train him to be a doctor in a few weeks. 当然这并不是说你能在几周之内把一个失业的服务员培训他们成为一名医生 2、But even if you cannot close that gap,may be you can close others,and doing so would be to the benefit of all concerned. 但即便不能填补这个空缺，也许还在其他方面，可以有所突破。这样对所有的相关人员，都有好处。 3、 ⭐ That seems to be the case in Sweden: 【When forced to furlough 90 per cent of their cabin staff】 , Scandinavian Airlines decided to start up a short retraining program 【 that reskilled the laid-off workers to support hospital staff.】 瑞典似乎就有这样的情况，90%的空乘人员被迫休假后，北欧航空决定启动一项再培训的项目，重新培训这些失业的员工以支援医院的工作。 4、The effort was a collective one and involved other companies as well as a Swedish university. 这是一次集体的行动，其他公司和一所瑞典的大学都参与到了其中。21.Research by the World Economic Forum Suggests _____.世界经济论坛的研究 表明 了？ [A] an urgent demand for new job skills （“既然42%要变” ，那么对新的工作技能迫切的需求） [B] an increase in full-time employment 无中生有 [C] a steady growth of job opportunities 无中生有 [D]a controversy about the"core skills" 原文是 will change，并没有说“争议” 答案∶ A 22. AT&T is cited to show_____.【例证题找例外】文章引用at and t是为了证明？ [A] The characteristics of reskilling in programs 在培训的项目特点 无中生有 [B] The importance of staff appraisal standards 员工评价标准的重要性 无中生有 [C] An immediate need for government support 干扰项出自第6句，though转折了，故与A无关 [D]An alternative to the five-and-hire standards 解雇和雇佣策略之外的另一种选择 good 答案∶D 23.Efforts to resolve the skills mismatch in Canada___. 细节题（稍难） 在加拿大解决技能不匹配问题 努力 [A] have appeared to be insufficient 似乎还不够 注意题目问的是对“努力”的评价 [B] have driven labour costs up 抬高劳动力成本 无中生有 [C] have proved ti be inconsistent 被证明是矛盾的 无中生有 [D] have met with fierce opposition 遭到激烈反对 无中生有 答案∶A 24. We can learn from Paragraph 3 that there was_____.细节题（简） [A] a sign of economic recovery 暗示经济复苏 无中生有 [B] a call for policy adjustment 一种对政策调整的呼吁 无中生有 [C] a change in hiring practices 一种招聘方式的改变 无中生有 [D] a lack of medical workers 答案∶D 25.Scandinavian Airlines decided to_____.细节题（易） [A] create job vacancies for the unemployed 为失业者创造职位空缺。空缺不对，原文是给失业员工创造新的工作机会 [B] retrain their cabin staff for better services 前半句重新培训对，后半句无中生有 [C] prepare their laid-off workers for other jobs 让失业员工为其他工作做好准备 [D] finance their staffs' college education 为员工的大学教育提供资助 干扰项最后一句，原文是有一所大学参与这个项目，不是资助员工读大学 答案∶Cforum论坛 let go of 释放 放弃 massive 巨大 pledge 保证 arguably 按理 languid 慵懒 at best 最多充其量 Pendemic 流行病 spike 迅速增长 concerned 有关的 furlough 临时解雇 collective 集体的
我的百度空间有公共课历年真题汇总，英语的正在更新中……
Part B Directions: Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph(41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) [A] Stay calm [B] Stay humble [C] Don't make judgments [D] Be realistic about the risks [E] Decide whether to wait [F] Ask permission to disagree [G] Identify a shared goal How to Disagree with Someone More Powerful than You Your boss proposes a new initiative you think won't work.Your senior colleague outlines a project timeline you think is unrealistic.What do you say when you disagree with someone who has more power than you do? How do you decide whether it's worth speaking up? And if you do, what exactly should you say? Here's how to disagree with someone more powerful than you. You may decide it's best to hold of on voicing your opinion.Maybe you haven't finished thinking the problem through, the whole discussion was a surprise to you,or you want to get a clearer sense of what the group thinks.If you think other people are going to disagree too,you might want to gather your army first. People can contribute experience or information to your thinking— all the things that would make the disagreement stronger or more valid. It's also a good idea to delay the conversation if you're in a meeting or other public space.Discussing the issue in private will make the powerful person feel less threatened. 42.________________ Before you share your thoughts,think about what the powerful person cares about — it may be"the credibility"of their team or getting a project done on time.You're more likely to be heard if you can connect your disagreement to a higher purpose. When you do speak up, don't assume the link will be clear. You'll want to state it overtly, contextualizing your statements so that you're seen not as a disagreeable underling but as a colleague who's trying to advance a shared goal.The discussion will then become more like a chess game than a boxing match. 43.________________ This step may sound overly deferential, but, it's a smart way to give the powerful person psychological safety and control You can say something like,"I know we seem to be moving toward a fist-quarter commitment here.I have reasons to think that won't work.I'd like to lay out my reasoning. Would that be OK?"This gives the person a choice,allowing them to verbally opt in.And,assuming they say yes it ill make you feel more confident about voicing your disagreement. 44.________________ You might feel your heart racing or your face turning red,but do whatever you can to remain neutral in both your words and actions. When your body language communicates reluctance oranxiety,it undercuts the message.It sends a mixed message,and your counterpart gets to choose what to read. Deep breaths can help,as can speaking more slowly and deliberately. When we feel panicky we tend to talk louder and faster. Simply slowing the pace and talking in an even tone helps calm the other person down and does the same for you. It also makes you seem confident, even if you aren't. 45.________________ Emphasize that you're offering your opinion, not gospel truth.It may be a well-informed well-researched opinion,but it's still an opinion,my talk tentatively and slightly understate your confidence.Instead of saying something like,"If we set an end-of-quarter deadline, we'll never make it,"say,"This is just my opinion,but I don't see how we will make that deadline."Having asserted your position ((as a position,not as a fact), demonstrate equal curiosity about other views.Remind the person that this is your point of view,and then invite critique.Be genuinely open to hearing other opinions. 答案∶
今天教务老师给大家收集整理了自考英语阅读二教材答案，自考英语阅读一的经验的相关问题解答，还有免费的自考历年真题及自考复习重点资料下载哦，以下是全国我们为自考生们整理的一些回答，希望对你考试有帮助！2008年1月全国自学考试英语阅读(二)答案你确定是2008年1月的？2008年1月英语试题答案1-5：BDDAB6-10：ADDCA11-15：CACDA16-20：DCCBC21-25：BABDB26-30：BCDDC31-35：BADCB36、zone37、worthy38、virtue39、undertake40、transparent41、sustain42、purposeful43、random44、outcome45、oxygen46、monopolize47、lightning48、judge49、intend50、habitual51、geometry52、friendly53、exhibition54、drama55、shelter56、repeating57、tohavebeentranslated58、worse59、helping60、todo61、occasionally62、used63、himself64、politician65、winner66、Theauthorofthebooklearnedalotfromthereaders’criticism67、Thedifferentmanagershavethedifferentmethodstowardsthesameproblem.68、Thesamplewillbeimmediatelysentoutasperrequest.69、Familyisthefundamentalunitofthesociety.一个人可以有两种方式拥有书籍。一种是攒钱买它，就像我们买衣服和家具。但这样的购买只是拥有书籍的初步阶段。另外一种是完全拥有，这来源于你认真读它并做笔记。一个说明图表就可以使问题很清楚。你买了牛排并把它从肉铺的冰柜变成你自己的。直到你吃了它。才使它真正意义上属于你。我建议书籍也应该真正的吸收到你的血液中，才能给你带来好处。本回答由网友推荐各位谁有2010.10全国自考英语试卷及答案啊？谢谢！3．读书与做练习的关系。每章节后都配有思考题和练习，并附有答案，以便复习和巩固所学的内容。为了帮助自学人员学习，全国高等自学考试委员会还组织由笔者主持编写了《英语词汇学辅导》，2000年由外语教学与研究出版社出版。《辅导》以汉语形式把教材译写出来，每章补充了练习，并给思考题提供了参考答案。此外，社会上也出现了一些所谓的“配套”读本。这里要提醒大家的是，读书指的是学教材，语言基础差一点的同学可以把《辅导》结合起来看。对教材一定要反复读，读懂弄清楚。对每章所配的练习要认真独立地去做，只有在做完后再查看参考答案，因为做练习最能检测学习结果。思考题是供学习思考的，提供的参考答案只是答案的一种表达形式，绝对不能逐字逐词地去死背。尤其要注意的是千万不要本末倒置，把大量的精力放在能弄到手的各种参考书上，更不要去搞题海战术，走入歧途。4．词汇学与语言学的关系。词汇学是语言学的一个分支，属于语言学的范畴。英语词汇学所介绍和涉及的一些内容与语言学上的某些章节交叉和重叠。如自考科目《现代语言学》上的第三章“形态学”和第五章“语义学”中的“词的意义”部分都是词汇学讨论的内容，因此可以联系起来学习。应该说学了语言学有助于学习词汇学，反之亦然。四、应考问题自考是以自学的形式通过国家规定的相关考试，最后取得国家承认的学历或学位。所以通过考试是自学人员的现实目标。把教材读懂搞清楚了不一定就能考出最理想的成绩，还有一个应考的问题。只有熟悉考试的形式、内容和方式方法才能取得最佳效果。1．题型与能力层次。题型在《考纲》中有明确规定。《考纲》列了12种题型，但在全国英语词汇学题库设计时做了一定的改动。现在的全国英语词汇学的标准试卷由七大题组成，每题一种题型。它们分别是：I单项选择，II教材内容填空，III匹配题，IV判断填空，V术语解释，VI简答题，VII分析题。减去了《考纲》中的第二、七、十二题；把第三、八题统称为判断填空题。题型与能力层次非一一对等，同一题型可涉及不同能力层次，如单项选择、匹配题、判断填空三种题型。2．试卷设计与分值配置。按题库设计标准，根据各章节的内容和知识点，每份试卷对各章都有一定的分值要求。其分值配置为：第一、二章占15%；第三、四章占20%；第五、六章占25%；第七、八章各占10%；第九章占15%；第十章占5%.分值的配置基本上能显示各章节的分量。前面已说过，每章都重要。这一点从分值的分配可以看出。当然，这种分值配置只是理想化的设计，具体操作上很难做到如此准确。一套试卷由7大题50小题组成。匹配题和判断题各10小题，每题1分；简答题3小题，每题4分；综合运用题2小题，每小题9分；其它每小题均为2分。3．读书与做题。如前所述，要想学好词汇学，必须要有恒心和拼劲，下大气力学习教材，无捷径可走。但要提高考试成绩还是有方法的。譬如匹配题和判断题，如果不熟悉其形式和思路，尽管对考题所涉及的内容很熟悉，也不一定能做好题。现以2002年上半年全国自学英语词汇学试卷其中的两题为例：MatchthewordsinColumnAwiththoseinColumnBaccordingto①rhetoricalfeaturesofidioms;②senserelations;③assimilationdegree;④characteristicsofthebasicwordstock;⑤motivationABreiterationAhighandlowrepetitionBpickandchoosejuxtapositionCfacetofaceperfecthomonymDFailureisthemotherofsuccesspersonificationEhissStudythefollowingwordsandexpressionsandidentify①typesofcontext;②typesofwordformation;③typesofsenserelationsandmeaningchange④rhetoricalfeaturesofidioms1makingarestatementofanewwordorconceptinfamiliarwords2sitcom3theusualamenitiessuchasapub,apostofficeandaschool4fromcradletograve5mightandmain这两道题看似简单，做起来却不容易。两道题有一个共同的特点，即涉及到不同章节的内容。前一题包括第九章、第六章、第一章、第五章的内容和知识。要做好题，必须知道英语习语的各种修辞特色；六种语义关系；两种同化程度；基本词汇的五大特征和四种理据。然后将两栏提供的语词进行比较，逐一分析，对号入座。答案是reiteration,repetition,juxtaposition,perfecthomonym,personification。其实，真正与题目有关的只是习语的修辞特色和词义的理据，其它都是干扰项。比较而言，后一道题更难一些。该题要求考生根据所提供的例词和定义写出它们各自属于哪一类中的何种名称。如例1是第一类中的definition，例2是第二类中的blending，例3是第三类中的hyponymy，例4是第四类中的synecdoche，例5是第四类中的alliteration，等等。如果熟悉这些题型，并能模拟做一做，在阅读中能根据题型的要求去思考问题，做到有的放矢，效果肯定会更佳。这就是所谓的“巧干”。4．术语英汉对照表的利用。教材后附有术语英汉对照表，主要目的是为了帮助阅读和理解。知道英语专业名称的汉语意思既可以加深记忆，也可以帮助理解。还有一个更重要的用途，往往不被大家注意。术语英汉对照表基本上囊括了教材中主要知识点。尤其是名词或名词词组，每一个都是一个知识点。学完教材后，不妨把这些专业术语作为一种自测手段。如按照字母顺序逐一复习。对每一个术语都想一想其概念、定义，试着用英语表述，并能回忆一两个例子。如果忘了，再翻书复习。假如能按这种要求把所有的名词术语记住，基本上可以说把教材弄懂搞清楚了。总而言之，英语词汇学是一门理论知识课程，涉及的内容丰富，知识点较多，学起来有一定难度。但只要同学们有决心，有恒心，敢于下工夫，在苦干的同时，加一些巧干，定能收到事半功倍的效果。英语中级口译配套教材中级阅读教程的答案有木有啊？还有有?我有音频的 发你邮箱吧 我也9月考补充：刚刚发给你了 我想问一下 你有没有听力的文本啊 可不可以发给我啊自考英语大专的有网上课堂吗?请问哪里有自自考英语大专的视频教材呀?对。明年一月有招生。全名：北京外国语大学网络教育学院。电话：010－88817912/13010－88811106邮箱：support@如果决定了，就赶快准备吧！自考/成考有疑问、不知道自考/成考考点内容、不清楚当地自考/成考政策，点击底部咨询官网老师，免费领取复习资料：
PART ONE Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point for each item) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。 1. ________ Americans have different views on many issues, they tend to agree on one subject: taxes are too high.� A. Despite B. In spite of C. Because D. Although� 2. These little things aren\'t important ________ themselves, but put together, they can cause troubles. A. by B. in C. for D. at� 3. If there were any inhabitants of the moon, they would see our earth reflecting the light of the sun, again like a huge mirror ________ in the sky.� A. hang B. hanged C. hung D. hangs� 4. When we call a word “learned,” we do not mean that it is used by learned persons alone, ________ simply that its presence in the English vocabulary is due to books and the cultivation of literature rather than to the actual needs of ordinary conversation.� A. so B. since C. but D. for� 5. ________ is accepted as true often is relatively, and not absolutely, true. A. What B. That C. Which D. It� 6. I ________ awake for about two hours last night. A. lie B. lied C. laid D. lay 7. In theory, every person will have ________ to an unlimited amount of information with the development of telecommunication satellites.� A. entry B. access C. entrance D. opening� 8. It is in Iran ________ the family members are involved in the wedding preparations. A. where B. in which C. that D. from which� 9. I have never before met ________ as he is.� A. so an intelligent person B. a so intelligent person C. so intelligent person D. so intelligent a person� 10. The role of the father in the traditional family was to provide ________ his family. � A. for B. with C. up D. over Ⅱ. Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point for each item) �下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。 根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。 Getting plenty of exercise is very important. I enjoy 11 very much. Last Summer, I went to the beach every day. I plan to go there this summer too, 12 I may not be able to. I have a new job. Sometimes I have to work until 13 at night. Though I now work more hours than I used to, I do receive a larger salary. I didn\'t receive much pay on my old job. I like 14 new job, but had I known that it would take up so much of my free time, I 15 it. I prefer swimming to spending money. I have heared that riding a bike is good exercise. Maybe I will be able to 16 enough money to buy a bike. My neighbour, Mrs. Wilson, has a bicycle that I could borrow from her, but I would rather own my own bike. If I used 17 , I would worry about damaging it. Since I 18 more money now, I think that I can afford to buy my own. Getting a bike is really a good idea, because while I am riding to and from work, I will be getting exercise at the same time. It\'s easier to get to the beach by bike too. I might be able to go swimming every day 19 . This new job is great: I\'m very 20 . This will be a summer full of exercise. 11. A. to swim B. swim C. swimming D. the swim 12. A. and B. or C. neither D. but 13. A. lately B. latter C. late D. latest 14. A. some B. any C. my D. its 15. A. would not take B. wouldn\'t have taken� C. won\'t have taken D. had not taken� 16. A. take B. save C. keep D. maintain� 17. A. her B. hers C. its D. theirs� 18. A. make B. spend C. pay D. do� 19. A. at all B. all over C. after all D. all but� 20. A. excited B. exciting C. surprising D. surprised Ⅲ．Reading Comprehension (30 points, 2 points for each item) �从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的答案涂黑。 Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. When Rowland Hill, little more than a hundred years ago, first advocated the introduction of cheap postage in England, he had to face many opponents of the scheme; some said that it would not pay, others that it was unworkable. But Hill, supported by general public opinion, eventually overcame opposition, and late in 1839 the Penny Post was established. From then until the first world war the cost of sending a letter any distance within the United Kingdom remained at one penny. The gloomy prophecies (预言) of the critics were not fulfilled: the profits of the Post Office were maintained and improvements in transport and administration made it possible not only to handle the increased volume of correspondence but also to extend postal facilities. Before this great change took place, the charge for sending a letter varied according to the distance the letter was carried and had to be paid for on delivery by the person to whom it was addressed. The lowest charge was four pence and for long distances as much as eighteen pence. Such high rates, when wages were low, could rarely be afforded by poor people, who were often compelled to refuse letters from their dear ones because they were unable to pay. Under the new scheme, a letter was paid for by the sender, who affixed(贴上) to it an adhesive(粘的) postage stamp, the cost of which was within reach of all. Thus the poor were enabled to exchange news with their relations and friends at a time when many of them had left their homes to seek work elsewhere.� Businessmen also found cheap postage a boom and, since it soon turned out to be a great financial success, the new scheme was, before long, adopted by every civilized country in the world——a final tribute(明证) to the wisdom and vision of its promoter. 21. “Some said that it (i.e. Rowland Hill\'s scheme) would not pay” means ________. A. some said that people would refuse to pay for the scheme� B. some said that the scheme would not be profitable� C. some said that the scheme was not economical� D. some said that they did not have enough money to pay for the scheme� 22. Rowland Hill\'s system is known as the ‘Penny post’ ________.� A. because it undertook the delivery of all inland letters for the charge of one penny� B. since it was established late in 1839� C. because many people who used its facilities were poor� D. as a result of the gloomy prophecies of those who had said scheme would not pay 23. Postal facilities were extended after the introduction of the Penny Post ________. A. because the volume of correspondence increased� B. as a result of improvements in transport and administration� C. until the first world war� D. provided that the cost of sending a letter remained at one penny� 24. Under the old system the poor had frequently been compelled to refuse letters ________.� A. because they could not afford to pay the high postage rates which had to be paid on receipt of a letter� B. unless the charge on them was less than four pence� C. although rates varied according to the distance letters were carried� D. because many of them had left their homes to seek work elsewhere� 25. The new postal scheme was adopted by every civilized country in the world ________. A. because it enabled the poor, as well as the rich, to exchange news� B. as a tribute to the wisdom and vision of its promoter� C. since the scheme, in addition to its convenience, had proved financially successful� D. a hundred years after its adoption by the English Passage Two �Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. �We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money. But most mistakes are about people. “Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen?” “When I got that great job, did Jim really feel good about it, as a friend? Or did he envy my luck?”“And Paul-why didn\'t I pick up that he was friendly just because I had a car?” When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, it\'s too late.� Why do we go wrong about our friends——or our enemies? Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning. And if we don\'t really listen, we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone tells you, “You\'re a lucky dog.” Is he really on your side? If he said, “You\'re a lucky guy” or “You\'re a lucky gal,” that\'s being friendly. But “lucky dog”? There\'s a bit of envy in those words. Maybe he doesn\'t see it himself. But bringing in the “dog” bit puts you down a little. What he may be saying is that he doesn\'t think you deserve your luck.� “Just think of all the things you have to be thankful for” is another noise that says one thing and means another. It could mean that the speaker is trying to get you to see your problem as part of your life as a whole. But is he? Wrapped up in this phrase is the thought that your problem isn\'t important. It\'s telling you to think of all the starving people in the world when you haven\'t got a date for Saturday night.� How can you tell the real meaning behind someone\'s words? One way is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks? Does what he says quare with(符合) the tone of voice? His posture? The look in his eyes? Stop and think. The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake.� 26. In the first paragraph, the writer recalls some things that happened between him and his friends. He ________.� A. feels happy, thinking of how nice his friends were to him� B. feels he may not have “read” his friends\' true feeling correctly� C. is sorry that his friends let him down� D. thinks it was a mistake to have broken up with his girl friends, Helen 27. In the second paragraph, the writer talks about someone saying, “You\'re a lucky dog.” He is saying that ________.� A. the speaker of this sentence is just being friendly� B. this saying means the same as “You\'re a lucky guy” or “You\'re a lucky gal.” C. the word “dog” shouldn\'t be used to apply to people� D. sometimes the words give a clue(线索) to the feeling behind the words� 28. This passage tries to tell you how to ________.� A. avoid mistakes about money and friends� B. “size up” people� C. avoid mistakes in understanding what people tell you� D. keep people friendly without trusting them� 29. In listening to a person the important thing is ________.� A. to notice his tone, his posture, and the look in his eye� B. to listen to how he pronounces his words� C. to check his words against his manner, his tone of voice, and his posture� D. not to believe what he says� 30. The phrase ‘puts you down’ (Para 2, Line 7) can be replaced by another phrase “________”.� A. makes you humble B. reduces you to silence� C. press you down D. makes you sad Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. It is not often realized that women held a high place in southern European societies in the 10th and 11th centuries. As a wife, the woman was protected by the setting up of a dowry or decimum. Admittedly, the purpose of this was to protect her against the risk of desertion(抛弃), but in reality its function in the social and family life of the time was much more important. The decimum was the wife\'s right to receive a tenth of all her husband\'s property. The wife had the right to withhold consent(不同意), in all transactions(交易) the husband would make. And more than just a right: the documents show that she enjoyed a real power of decision, equal to that of her husband. In no case do the documents indicate any degree of difference in the legal status of husband and wife.� The wife shared in the management of her husband\'s personal property, but the opposite was not always true. Women seemed perfectly prepared to defend their own inheritance against husbands who tried to exceed their rights, and on occasion they showed a fine fighting spirit. A case in point is that of Maria Vivas, a Catalan woman of Barcelona(巴塞罗那). Having agreed with her husband Miro to sell a field she had inherited, for the needs of the household, she insisted on co mpensation(补偿). None being offered, she succeeded in dragging her husband to the scribe(法律学家) to have a contract duly drawn up assigning her a piece of land from Miro\'s personal inheritance. The unfortunate husband was obliged to agree, as the contract says, “for the sake of peace.” Either through the dowry or through being hot�tempered, the Catalan wife knew how to win herself, within the context of the family, a powerful economic position. 31. A decimum was ________.� A. the wife\'s inheritance from her father B. a gift of money to the new husband� C. a written contract� D. the wife\'s right to receive one�tenth of her husband\'s property� 32. In the society described in the passage, the legal standing(地位) of the wife in marriage was ________.� A. higher than that of her husband B. lower than that of her husband� C. the same as that of her husband D. higher than that of a single woman� 33. What compensation did Maria Vivas get for the field?� A. Some of the land Miro had inherited B. A tenth of Miro\'s land� C. Money for household expenses D. Money from Miro\'s inheritance� 34. Could a husband sell his wife\'s inheritance?� A. No, under no circumstances. B. Yes, whenever he wished to.� C. Yes, if she agreed. D. Yes, if his father in law agreed.� 35. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an effect of the dowry system?� A. The husband had to share the power of decision in marriage.� B. The wife was protected from desertion.� C. The wife gained a powerful economic position. D. The husband was given control over his wife\'s property. PART TWO Ⅳ. Word Spelling (10 points, 1 point for two items ) �将下列汉语单词译成英语。 作为提示，每个单词的词类、首字母及字母数目均已给出。请将完整的单词写在答题纸上。 36. 交换，调换 n. e __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 37.运输，运输工具 n. t__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 38. 平均的；普通的 a. a __ __ __ __ __ __ 39. 暴力的，猛烈的 a. v __ __ __ __ __ __ 40. 仍然，然而，不过 ad. n __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 41. 有益的，有利的 a. b __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 42. 宣扬，宣传 v. p __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 43. 估计，评价，估价 n./v. e __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 44. 观光，旅游 n. t __ __ __ __ __ __ 45. 指示，指出；代表 v. d __ __ __ __ __ 46. 起初的，新颖的 a. o __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 47. 独立的，自主的 a. i __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 48. 想象，设想 v. v __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 49. 对比 n./v. c __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 50. 压力；强调 n./v. s __ __ __ __ __ 51. 减少，缩小 v. r __ __ __ __ __ 52. 有限的 a. l__ __ __ __ __ __ 53. 使迷惑；迷 n./v. p __ __ __ __ __ 54. 环境，周围状况 n. e__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 55. 容忍的；宽容的 a. t__ __ __ __ __ __ __ Ⅴ．Word Form（10 points， 1 point for each item） �将括号中的各词变为适当的形式填入空白。 答案写在答题纸上。 56. There is no way to escape ________(do) the work today.� 57. We will have a visit to the seaside ________ (provide) the weather remains clear. 58. Had I left a little earlier, I ________ (catch) the train.� 59. The last train ________ (go), we had to walk home.� 60. A few years later she came home only ________ (find) that her hometown had greatly changed.� 61. The more she thought about it, ________ (angry) she grew.� 62. I\'m sure he ________ (leave) Tokyo by this time tomorrow.� 63. We become used to ________ (see) blood on the news on television, or in full color in newspaper and magazines..� 64. It is ________ (interesting) novel I have ever read. 65. I can\'t find the recorder in the room. It must ________ (take) by someone else. Ⅵ．Translation from Chinese into English（15 points， 3 points for each item） �将下列各句译成英语并将答案写在答题纸上。 66. 他走都不会，更不用说跑了。� 67. 不管赞成还是反对，我都将继续下去。� 68. 生产商应该对自己的产品质量负全部责任。� 69. 老人继续说着，根本不顾我在此事上的感情。� 70. 毋庸置疑，很多人受益于心脏手术。 Ⅶ．Translation from English into Chinese（15 points）. �将下列短文译成汉语并将答案写在答题纸上。 Are you able to read these articles in a minute or less? Perhaps right now you should stop a while and remind yourself of some important things that help you to read faster. Check yourself on these points and be sure you are doing the right things. You should always move your eyes from left to right across the page. Always keep moving forward. Do not let your eyes go back over words you have already read. Do not read words separately. Learn to see groups of words. Do not sound out(发响) the words as you read them. And remember that you do not have to read every word. Look for the main nouns and the main verbs. If you want to be sure that you do not lose your place as you read, you can keep your finger under the line. But do not move your finger from left to right with your eyes. Your finger should be under the middle of the line. Keep your eyes moving all the time. Be sure to practice on everything you read. Also remember to exercise your eyes every day. 水气球 参 考 答 案 Ⅰ. Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point for each item ) �1.D 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.A 6.D 7.B 8.A 9.D 10.A� Ⅱ. Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point for each item) �11. C 12.D 13.C 14. C 15. B �16. B 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. A Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension (30 points, 2 points for each item) �21. B 22. A 23. B 24. A 25. B �26. B 27. D 28. C 29. C 30. A �31. D 32. C 33. A 34. C 35. D Ⅳ. Word Spelling (10 points, 1 point for two items ) 36. exchange 37. transportation 38. average 39. violent 40. nevertheless 41. beneficial 42. publicize 43. estimate 44. tourism 45. denote 46. original 47. independent 48. visualize 49. contrast 50. stress 51. reduce 52. limited 53. puzzle 54. environment 55. tolerant Ⅴ. Word Form (10 points, 1 point for each item ) 56. doing 57. provided/providing 58. would have caught 59. gone 60. to find 61. the angrier 62. will have left 63. having taken 64. the most interesting 65. have been taken Ⅵ. Translation from Chinese into English (15 points, 3 points for each item) 66. He can\'t even walk, let alone run.� 67. Pro or con, I shall continue.� 68. The manufacturers should take full responsibility for the quality of their products.� 69. The old man continued speaking, regardless of my feelings on the matter.� 70. There is no doubt that a large number of people benefit from heart surgery. Ⅶ. Translation from English into Chinese (15 points) 你能在一分钟或更短的时间内读完这些短文吗?也许现在你该停一下，提醒自己注意一些能帮你读得更快的重要问题。 检查一下以下几点，以确定你做得正确无误。你当始终自左至右移动目光，始终向前。别再回头看已读过的字句。别把每个词分开来读。要学会看句群。读时别出声。还要牢记你无须每词必读。找到主要的名词和主要的动词。如果想保证自己在读时不至于找不到地方，你可以手指放在行下。但别随目光自左至右移动。你的手指应当放在一行中间的下方。目光要不停地移动。一定要在每次阅读中这样练习。同时，记得每天做做眼部保健。