自考问答 自考本科自考百科
自考问答 > 自考百科 > 自考高级英语重点段落翻译题

自考高级英语重点段落翻译题

发布时间:

自考高级英语重点段落翻译题

发布时间:

自考高级英语重点段落翻译题

给你推荐个网站,那里有:

Lesson Nine The Trouble with Television 电视的毛病 The Trouble with Television 要摆脱电视的影响是困难的。 It is difficult to escape the influence of television. 假如统计的平均数字适用于你的话,那么你到20岁的时候就至少看过2万个小时的电视了,从那以后每生活10年就会增加1万小时。 If you fit the statistical averages, by the age of 20 you will have been exposed to at least 20,000 hours of television. You can add 10,000 hours for each decade you have lived after the age of 20. 笔起看电视,美国人只有在工作和睡眠上花时间更多。 The only things Americans do more than watch television are work and sleep. 稍微计算一下,使用这些时间的一部分能够做些什么。 Calculate for a moment what could be done with even a part of those hours. 听说一个大学生仅用5000小时就可以获得学士学位。 Five thousand hours, I am told, are what a typical college undergraduate spends working on a bachelor's degree. 在1万个小时内你能学成一个天文学家或工程师,流利掌握几门外语。 In 10,000 hours you could have learned enough to become an astronomer or engineer. You could have learned several languages fluently. 如果你感兴趣的话,你可能读希腊原文的荷马史诗或俄文版的陀思妥耶夫斯基的作品;如果对此不感兴趣,那你可以徒步周游世界,撰写一本游记。 If it appealed to you, you could be reading Homer in the original Greek or Dostoyevsky in Russian. If it didn't, you could have walked around the world and written a book about it. 电视的毛病在于它分散了人们的注意力。 The trouble with television is that it discourages concentration. 生活中几乎一切有趣的、能给人以满足的事都需要一定的建设性的、持之以恒的努力。 Almost anything interesting and rewarding in life requires some constructive, consistently applied effort. 即使是我们中间那些最迟钝、最没有天才的人也能做出一些事来,而这些事使那些从来不在任何事情上专心致志的人感到像是奇迹一般。 The dullest, the least gifted of us can achieve things that seem miraculous to those who never concentrate on anything. 但电视鼓励我们不做出任何努力,它向我们兜售即时的满足,它给我们提供娱乐,使我们只想娱乐,让时间在毫无痛苦中消磨掉。 But Television encourages us to apply no effort. It sells us instant gratification. It diverts us only to divert, to make the time pass without pain. 电视节目的多样化成了一种麻醉剂而不是促进思考的因素。 Television's variety becomes a narcotic , nor a stimulus. 它那系列的、多变的画面引着我们跟着它走。 Its serial, kaleidoscopic exposures force us to follow its lead. 观众无休无止地跟着导游游览:参观博物馆30分钟,看大教堂30分钟,喝饮料30分钟,然后上车去下一个参观点,只是电视的特点是时间分配以分秒计算,而所选择的内容却多为车祸和人们的互相残杀。 The viewer is on a perpetual guided tour: 30 minutes at the museum, 30 at the cathedral, 30 for a drink, then back on the bus to the next attraction —-except on television., typically, the spans allotted arc on the order of minutes or seconds, and the chosen delights are more often car crashes and people killing one another. 总之许多电视节目取代了人类最可贵的一种才能,即主动集中自己的注意力,而不是被动地奉送注意力。 In short, a lot of television usurps one of the most precious of all human gifts, the ability to focus your attention yourself, rather than just passively surrender it. 吸引并抓住人们的注意力是大多数电视节目安排的主要目的,它加强了电视是有利可图的广告的载体的作用。 Capturing your attention —and holding it—is the prime motive of most television programming and enhances its role as a profitable advertising vehicle. 节目安排使人生活在无休止的恐惧之中,唯恐抓不住人们的注意力——不管是什么人的注意力都担心。 Programmers live in constant fear of losing anyone's attention—anyone's. 避免造成这一局面的最有把握的办法就是使一切节目都保持简短,不要使任何人的注意力过于集中而受到损害,而要通过多样化、新奇性、动作和行动不断地提供刺激。 The surest way to avoid doing so is to keep everything brief, not to strain the attention of anyone but instead to provide constant stimulation through variety, novelty, action and movement. 很简单,电视的运作原则就是迎合观众的注意力跨度短这一特点。 Quite simply, television operates on the appeal to the short attention span. 这只是最简单的解决办法,但它逐渐被看作是电视这一宣传媒体特定的,内在固有的性质,是必须履行的职责,似乎是司令萨尔诺夫或另一个令人敬畏的电视创始人给我们传下了刻有铭文的石碑,命令电视上出现的一切节目均不得使观众需要片刻以上的注意力。 It is simply the easiest way out. But it has come to be regarded as a given, as inherent in the medium itself; as an imperative, as though General Sarnoff, or one of the other august pioneers of video, had bequeathed to us tablets of stone commanding that nothing in television shall ever require more than a few moments' Concentration. 要是运用得恰当,这倒也无可厚非。 In its place that is fine. 如此出色地把使人忘却现实的娱乐作为大规模推销工具加以包装,谁又能反对这样一种宣传媒介呢? Who can quarrel with a medium that so brilliantly packages escapist entertainment as a mass-marketing tool? 但是我看到了它的价值现已充斥于这个国家及其生活之中。 Rut I see its values now pervading this nation and its life. 认为快速思维和快餐食品一样影响着生活节奏很快、性情急躁的公众,这已成了时髦的看法。 It has become fashionable to think that, like fast food, fast ideas are the way to get to a fast-moving, impatient public. 在新闻方面,我认为这种做法不能进行很好的交流。 In the case of news, this practice, in my view, results in inefficient communication. 我怀疑电视每晚的新闻节目真正能够被人吸收和理解的有多少。 I question how much of television's nightly news effort is really absorbable and understandable. 其中许多被形象地描述为“机关枪不连贯地点射”。 Much of it is what has been aptly described as “machine-gunning with scraps.” 我认为这种技术是与连贯性作对的。 I think the technique fights coherence. 我认为它最终会使事情变得枯燥乏味、无足轻重(除非伴以恐怖的画面),因为任何一件事,如果你对它几乎一无所知,那么它差不多总会是枯燥乏味、使人觉得无足轻重的。 I think it tends to make things ultimately boring and dismissible (unless they are accompanied by horrifying pictures) because almost anything is boring and dismissible if you know almost nothing about it. 我认为,电视迎合观众注意力跨度短的做法不仅会造成交流不畅,而且还会降低文化水平。 I believe that TV's appeal to the short attention span is not only inefficient communication but decivilizing as well. 想一想电视要达到的那些极不慎重的原则吧:必须避免复杂性,用视觉刺激来代替思考,语言的精确早已是不合时宜的要求。 Consider the casual assumptions that television tends to cultivate: that complexity must be avoided, that visual stimulation is a substitute for thought, that verbal precision is an anachronism. 它可能已过时,但我所受的教育告诉我思想就是语言,是按准确的语法规则组织起来的。 It may be old-fashioned, but I was taught that thought is words, arranged in grammatically precise 在美国存在着读写能力的危机。 There is a crisis of literacy in this country. 据一项研究估计,约有3000万美国成年人是“功能性文盲”。他们的读写能力无法回答招聘广告,或读懂药瓶上的说明。 One study estimates that some 30 million adult Americans are “functionally illiterate” and cannot read or write well enough to answer the want ad or understand the instructions on a medicine bottle. 能读写可能算不上是一项不可剥夺的人权,但是我们学识渊博的开国元勋们并不感到它是不合理的或者甚至是达不到的。 Literacy may not be an inalienable human right, but it is one that the highly literate Founding Fathers might not have found unreasonable or even unattainable. 从统计数字上看,我们的国家不仅未达到人人能读写的程度,而且离这一目标越来越远。 We are not only not attaining it as a nation, statistically speaking, but we are falling further and further short of attaining it. 尽管我不会天真到认为电视是造成这一情况的原因,但我却相信它起了一定的作用,是有影响的。 And, white I would not be so simplistic as to suggest that television is the cause, 1 believe it contributes and is an influence. 美国的一切:社会结构、家庭组织形式、经济、在世界上的地位,都变得更为复杂,而不是相反。 Everything about this nation —the structure of the society, its forms of family organization, its economy, its place in the world— has become more complex, not less. 然而其占主导地位的传播媒介,全国联系的主要方式,却在人类存在的问题上推销简单的解决方式,而这些问题通常是没有简单的解决方式的。 Yet its dominating communications instrument, its principal form of national linkage, is one that sells neat resolutions to human problems that usually have no neat resolutions. 在我的心目中,那30秒钟一个的商业广告:一位家庭主妇因选对了牙膏而感到幸福的那小小的戏剧性场面就是这一切的象征。电视已使这极其成功的艺术形式成为我们文化不可缺少的一个部分了。 It is all symbolized in my mind by the hugely successful art form that television has made central to the culture,the 30-second commercial: the tiny drama of the earnest housewife who finds happiness in choosing the right toothpaste. 在人类历,几时曾有这样多的人共同把自己这样多的业余时间奉送给一件玩具,一项大众娱乐? When before in human history has so much humanity collectively surrendered so much of its leisure to one toy, one mass diversion? 几时曾有一个国家使自己整个地置于商品推销媒介的摆布之下? When before has virtually an entire nation surrendered itself whole-sale to a medium for selling? 几年前,耶鲁大学的法学教授小查尔斯?L?布莱克写道:“……被喂食本身并不是件琐碎小事。” Some years ago Yale University law professor Charles L. Black. Jr.,wrote:“…… forced feeding on trivial fare is not itself a trivial matter-” 我认为我们这个社会正在强行被喂食。 I think this society is being forced-fed with trivial fare, 我担心这一做法对我们的思维习惯,对我们的语言、我们努力的极限度及对复杂情况的兴趣等方面所造成的影响,这一点我们还只是极模糊地意识到。 and I fear that the effects on our habits of mind, our language, our tolerance for effort, and our appetite for complexity are only dimly perceived. 就算我的看法不对,用怀疑和批判的眼光来分析这个问题,来考虑如何抵制它,也不会有任何害处。 If I am wrong, we will have done no harm to look at the issue skeptically and critically,to consider how we should be resisting it. I hope you will join with me in doing so.

自考高级英语重点段落翻译

给你推荐个网站,那里有:

工 作 Lesson Thirteen Work 究竟工作是幸福还是痛苦的源泉,这可能是一个难以回答的问题。 Whether work should be placed among the causes of happiness or among the causes of unhappiness may perhaps be regarded as a doubtful question. 毫无疑问有许多工作是非常令人厌烦的,而且过多的工作总是十分痛苦的事。 There is certainly much work which is exceedingly irksome, and an excess of work is always very painful. 然而我认为,只要不过量,对多数人来说即使是最枯燥的工作也比终日无所事事要好些。 I think, however, that, provided work is not excessive in amount, even the dullest work is to most people less painful than idleness. 工作给人的愉快的程度多种多样,从仅仅是消烦解闷到产生巨大的快乐,这会随工作的性质和工作者的能力而异。 There are in work all grades, from mere relief of tedium up to the profoundest delights, according to the nature of the work and the abilities of the worker. 大多数人不得不从事的工作本身大都无乐趣可言,但即使是这样的工作也有一些很大的好处。 Most of the work that most people have to do is not in itself interesting, but even such work has certain great advantages. 首先,工作可将一天的许多时间占满,人们不必再费神来决定应干些什么,大多数人在可以自由地按自己的愿望打发时间时,常常会不知所措,想不起有什么令人愉快的事值得去做。 To begin with, it fills a good many hours of the day without the need of deciding what one shall do. Most people, when they are left free to fill their own time according to their own choice, are at a loss to think of anything sufficiently pleasant to be worth doing. 而他们的决定又总是受到干扰,觉得干别的什么事也许会更令人愉快。 And whatever they decide on, they are troubled by the feeling that something else would have been pleasanter. 能够有意义地利用闲暇时间是文明发展到阶段的结果,而目前很少有人能达到这一层次。 To be able to fill leisure intelligently is the last product of civilization, and at present very few people have reached this level. 何况作出选择本身就是件令人厌烦的事。 Moreover the exercise of choice is in itself tiresome. 除了那些具有非凡主动性的人,其他的人肯定有人乐于被告诉一天中的每时每刻该做什么,当然命令他们做的事不能太令人厌烦。 Except to people with unusual initiative it is positively agreeable to be told what to do at each hour of the day, provided the orders are not too unpleasant. 多数无所事事的阔佬免遭从事单调乏味工作之苦,但代价是莫名其妙的无聊。 Most of the idle rich suffer unspeakable boredom as the price of their freedom from drudgery. 有时他们去非洲猎取巨兽或环绕世界飞行来解闷,但这类刺激的数量有限,尤其到了中年以后更是如此。 At times they may find relief by hunting big game in Africa, or by flying round the world, but the number of such sensations is limited, especially after youth is past. 因此较为明智的阔佬们工作起来几乎像穷人一样卖力,而有钱的女人则大多忙于她们自以为具有震撼世界般重要性的无数琐事。 Accordingly the more intelligent rich men work nearly as hard as if they were poor, while rich women for the most part keep themselves busy with innumerable trifles of whose earthshaking importance they are firmly persuaded. 因此人们愿意工作,首先因为工作可防止产生无聊感。比起终日无所事事而造成的无聊来,人们在干着虽必要但缺乏兴趣的工作时所感到的枯燥无聊就不值一提了。 Work therefore is desirable, first and foremost, as a preventive of boredom, for the boredom that a man feels when he is doing necessary though uninteresting work is as nothing in comparison with the boredom that he feels when he has nothing to do with his days. 与工作的这一好处相关的还有一个好处,那就是假日到来会令人感到更加美妙。只要一个人的工作不至于累得他体力不支,那么他就会从他的闲暇时间里得到无所事事的人绝对得不到的极大乐趣。 With this advantage of work another is associated, namely that it makes holidays much more delicious when they come. Provided a man does not have to work so hard as to impair his vigor, he is likely to find far more zest in his free time than an idle man could possibly find. 多数有报酬的工作和某些没有报酬的工作还有第二个好处,那就是它们提供了成功的机会和实现抱负的可能。 The second advantage of most paid work and of some unpaid work is that it gives chances of success and opportunities for ambition. 在多数工作中,收入的多少是衡量成功与否的标准,当我们这个资本主义社会继续存在时,这是不可避免的。 In most work success is measured by income and while our capitalistic society continues, this is inevitable. 只有在工作的情况下收入才不再被用作当然的衡量标准。 It is only where the best work is concerned that this measure ceases to be the natural one to apply. 人们想增加收入当然是出自钱多了可以获得更多的舒适享受这一愿望,但同样也出自想获得成功的愿望。 The desire that men feel to increase their income is quite as much a desire for success as for the extra comforts that a higher income can procure. 无论工作多么枯燥单调,如果它是能够使人逐渐成名的手段,无论是在世界上出名还是就在自己的圈子里出名,那么这工作就不再难以忍受了。 However dull work may be, it becomes bearable if it is a means of building up a reputation, whether in the world at large or only in one's own circle. 归根结底,幸福的最重要的因素之一是有始终如一的目的。而对多数人来说这样的目的主要来自他们的工作。 Continuity of purpose is one of the most essential ingredients of happiness in the long run, and for most men this comes chiefly through their work. 在这一点上,终日从事家务的妇女便远不如男子幸运,也没有走出家庭参加工作的妇女幸运。 In this respect those women whose lives are occupied with housework are much less fortunate than men, or than women who work outside the home. 家庭妇女没有工资,无法改善自己的状况,她所干的一切在她的丈夫看来都是理所当然的(她的丈夫对此几乎是熟视无睹),丈夫欣赏的不是她干的家务活,而是她的其他品质。 The domesticated wife does not receive wages, has no means of bettering herself, is taken for granted by her hu and (who sees practically nothing of what she does), and is valued by him not for her housework but for quite other qualities. 当然对那些有足够的钱可以把住宅和花园搞得十分漂亮而成为邻居们的羡慕对象的女人来说,情况就不一样,但这样的女人相对来说数量较少,对于大多数妇女,家务带给她们的满足远不如其他工作带给男子或职业妇女的满足。 Of course this does not apply to those women who are sufficiently well-to-do to make beautiful houses and beautiful gardens and become the envy of their neighbors; but such women are comparatively few, and for the great majority housework cannot bring as much satisfaction as work of other kinds brings to men and to professional women. 多数工作都能使人满意地消磨掉时间,而且给人们实现抱负提供某种令人满意的途径,虽然这途径不起眼。一般说来这种满足足以使一个即使工作枯燥无味的人也比无事可做的人感到快乐。但如果从事的是有趣的工作,就能给人带来比仅仅是解闷高级得多的满足。 The satisfaction of killing time and of affording some outlet, however modest, for ambition, belongs to most work, and is sufficient to make even a man whose work is dull happier on the average than a man who has no work at all. But when work is interesting, it is capable of giving satisfaction of a far higher order than mere relief from tedium. 有兴趣的工作可以按其包含乐趣的大小顺序排列,我先谈小有乐趣的工作,最后谈那些值得伟大人物投入全部精力的工作。 The kinds of work in which there is some interest may he arranged in a hierarchy. I shall begin with those which are only mildly interesting and end with those that are worthy to absorb the whole energies of a great man. 两个使工作有趣的主要因素,一是需要运用技巧,二是有建设性。 Two chief elements make work interesting: first, the exercise of skill, and second, construction. 凡是掌握了不同寻常的技巧的人都喜欢运用这种技巧,直至他感到太平常或他再也不能提高时为止。 Every man who has acquired some unusual skill enjoys exercising it until it has become a matter of course, or until he can no longer improve himself. 这种想要自我表现的动机从幼儿时代就开始了:一个能倒立的男孩总是不想用脚站立。 This motive to activity begins in early childhood: a boy who can stand on his head becomes reluctant to stand on his feet. 许多工作同靠技艺取胜的游戏一样给人以快乐。 A great deal of work gives the same pleasure that is to be derived from games of skill. 律师或政治家的工作一定更愉快而且包含着许多和打桥牌同样的快乐。 The work of a lawyer or a politician must contain in a more delectable form a great deal of the same pleasure that is to be derived from playing bridge. 当然这里不仅运用了技巧,而且还在智力较量上胜过了一个本领高超的对手。 Here of course there is not only the exercise of skill but the outwitting of a skilled opponent. 即使在不存在竞争因素的情况下,表演高难的绝技也是件令人惬意的事情。 Even where this competitive element is absent, however, the performance of difficult feats is agreeable. 能驾驶飞机进行特技飞行的人会从中获得极大的快乐,以至为此甘愿冒生命危险。 A man who can do stunts in an aero——plane finds the pleasure so great that for the sake of it he is willing to risk his life. 我想像尽管一个能干的外科医生工作时处在令人痛苦的气氛中,他还是能从精湛的手术中得到满足。 I imagine that an able surgeon, in spite of the painful circumstances in which his work is done, derives satisfaction from the exquisite precision of his operations. 从大量层次较低的工作中也能得到同样的,只是在程度上没有那么强烈的快乐。 The same kind of pleasure, though in a less intense form, is to be derived from a great deal of work of a humbler kind. 只要工作中需要的技巧不是一成不变的,或存在着不断提高的余地,那么一切需要熟练技巧的工作都会是令人愉快的。 All skilled work can be pleasurable, provided the skill required is either variable or capable of indefinite improvement. 但如不具备上述两个条件,在人们掌握的技巧达到顶峰以后,这种工作便不再有兴趣了。 If these conditions are absent, it will cease to be interesting when a man has acquired his maximum skill. 一个从事3英里长跑的运动员到了不能再打破自己纪录的年龄以后,就不会再从这个职业中获得乐趣。 A man who runs three-mile races will cease to find pleasure in this occupation when he passes the age at which he can beat his own previous record. 幸而有相当数量的工作随新的情况出现而需要新的技巧,人们可以不断提高自己的技巧,至少可以一直继续到中年以后。 Fortunately there is a very considerable amount of work in which new circumstances call for new skill and a man can go on improving, at any rate until he has reached middle age. 从事某些技巧性工作的人,比如从政的人,似乎在60岁到70岁之间才达到颠峰状态,原因是在这些职业中,丰富的阅历至关重要。 In some kinds of skilled work, such as politics, for example, it seems that men are at their best between sixty and seventy, the reason being that in such occupations a wide experience of other men is essential. 因此有成就的政治家在70岁时往往会比其他同龄人幸福。 For this reason successful politicians are apt to be happier at the age of seventy than any other men of equal age. 在这一点上惟一能与他们相比的是大公司的首脑人物。 Their only competitors in this respect are the men who are the heads of big businesses. 然而的工作还具有另一因素,作为幸福的源泉它比运用技巧更为重要,这便是建设性。 There is, however, another element possessed by the best work, which is even more important as a source of happiness than is the exercise of skill. This is the element of constructiveness. 有些工作在完成后,结果会像纪念碑一样存在下去,尽管并非多数工作都能如此。 In some work, though by no means in most, something is built up which remains as a monument when the work is completed. 我们可以用下列标准区分是建设还是破坏。 We may distinguish construction from destruction by the following criterion. 如果是建设,则初始阶段事物较为缺少章法,而到最后阶段则体现出某个目标来;如为破坏,则正好相反,初始阶段体现出某个目标,而最后阶段则是缺少章法,也就是说,破坏者惟一的目的是制造出一个不具备某一目标的状态来。 In construction the initial state of affairs is comparatively haphazard, while the final stale of affairs embodies a purpose. In destruction the reverse is the case; the initial stale of affairs embodies a purpose, while the final state of affairs is haphazard, that is to say, all that is intended by the destroyer is to produce a state of affairs which does not embody a certain purpose. 适用这一标准的体最明显的一个例子,就是建造和拆除房屋。 This criterion applies in the most literal and obvious case, namely the construction and destruction of buildings. 在建造房屋时,预先制定好的方案得到实施,而在拆除房屋时没有人明确规定拆毁后残砖烂瓦应如何处置。 In constructing a building a previously made plan is carried out, whereas in destroying it no one decides exactly how the materials are to lie when the demolition is completed. 当然破坏常常是随之而来的建设的必要前提,在这种情况下它便成了整个建设的一部分。 Destruction is of course necessary very often as a preliminary to subsequent construction, in that case it is part of a whole which is constructive. 但有时一个人从事的活动旨在破坏而不是考虑此后可能进行的建设活动,他常常会标榜自己是为了重新建设而扫平一切,但一般说来如果这是个借口,只要问他随后的建设是什么样就会揭穿他。人们会发现在这一问题上他会含糊其词,毫无热情,但对于作为准备工作的破坏他却津津乐道,谈得十分具体。 But not infrequently a man will engage in activities of which the purpose is destructive without regard to any construction that may come after. Frequently he will conceal this from himself by the belief that he is only sweeping sway in order to build afresh, but it is generally possible to unmask this pretense, when it is a pretense, by asking him what the subsequent construction is to he. On this subject it will be found that he will speak vaguely and without enthusiasm, whereas on the preliminary destruction he has spoken precisely and with zest. 不少的革命者、尚武分子及其他暴力的信徒们就是如此。 This applies to not a few revolutionaries and militarists and other apostles of violence. 他们为仇恨所驱使,但自己往往还没意识到这一点……他们的真正目的是毁灭他们所仇恨的事物,相对来说对随后应做什么的问题并不关心。 They are actuated, usually without their own knowledge, by hatred: the destruction of what they hate is their real purpose, and they are comparatively indifferent to the question what is to come after it. 我无法否认从事破坏性工作和从事建设性工作一样也可能有快乐。 Now I cannot deny that in the work of destruction as in the work of construction there may be joy. 这是一种更为狂暴的快乐,也许有时更为强烈,但却不能给人以那种更深的满足,因为从它的结果中几乎找不到什么满足。 It is a fiercer joy, perhaps at moments more intense, but it is less profoundly satisfying, since the result is one in which little satisfaction is to be found. 你杀死了敌人,他死了你的职业就不存在了,你从胜利中得来的满足很快就消失了。 You kill your enemy, and when he is dead your occupation is gone, and the satisfaction that you derive from victory quickly fades. 从另一方面来说,建设性的工作在完成后一回想起来就令人愉快,而且这种永远也不会做到再也无事可做的地步。 The work of construction, on the other hand, when completed, is delightful to contemplate, and moreover is never so fully completed that there is nothing further to do about it. 最令人满意的目标是那些能永远从一个成功通向另一个成功而从不会走进死胡同的目标,在这个方面人们会发现建设比破坏更能带给人幸福。 The most satisfactory purposes are those that lead on indefinitely from one success to another without ever coming to a dead end; and in this respect it will be found that construction is a greater source of happiness than destruction. 也许更准确的说法应该是,在建设中寻求满足的人得到的满足要比热衷破坏建设的人从破坏中得到的满足更大,因为你一旦变得满腔仇恨,就很难从建设中得到别的人从中得到的乐趣。 Perhaps it would be more correct to say that those who find satisfaction in construction find in it greater satisfaction than the lovers of destruction can find in destruction, for if once you have become filled with hate you will not easily derive from construction the pleasure which another man would derive from it.

自考高级英语重点段落翻译真题

教务老师,听见很多自考的同学在问自考高级英语怎么准备(自考高级英语课文)相关问题,那么今天教务老师来告诉同学们这些问题的解答!自考本科英语中的高级英语,该怎么学?先背教材上的精彩文章段落,直到能默写下来的程度,背得越多越好。然后大量的积累单词,单词量需要达到五千以上。英语说白了和汉语差不多,基本的句型记住之后就成往里填单词了,单词也记住了就行了。我自考英语还剩一门高级英语,还有20天时间就考试了,不知道怎么复习,谁考过了,说一下复习方法,谢谢找到或者买高级英语的课本,每天大声朗读并狂背单词200个,其他时间学课本,做习题,做真题,错的改。第二天将学过的200词再复习一遍,然后再学200个新的,如果能坚持练习20天后定能考过。多背吧,买本参考书直接照着复习我英语不好,别指望我了自考高级英语都考什么?要考听力吗?不要考,都是笔试内容自考高级英语,还有一本书没看完,怎么学有感而发,先说点题外话,既然是自考就要坚持下去,有恒心有毅力才行! 本人在学校时,也曾报过自考,但是考了两门就没坚持下去。现在毕业好几年了,想起来都挺后悔当时为什么没有坚持下去。因为能拿下自考来,无论对你以后的深造,还是就业都挺有帮助的。据我所知和我一块报考的同学,也绝大部分没坚持到最后。说这些话,是希望你不要重蹈覆辙哦! 另外,不知你所说的中日交流标准日本语是初级还是中级,不过既然是考试,考点就应该是平均分布的,不会按照上下册来分吧,除非考纲另有标明是考上册还是下册。 再者,就语法和单词的关系问题。个人认为备考时应该是单词优先,兼顾语法。因为单词是基础。语法知道的很多,不明白单词什么意思,你就没法正确选择答案。当然了,这也不是说放下语法不管了。不懂得语法,除了语法考题答不对外,做读解题时也没法正确分析文章的意思。 最后,整张试卷就分值而言,单词占10分左右,语法占的多一点,20分左右吧。我当时自考的日语本科,两门中考了一门日语,印象是这样的。稳妥起见,最好看一下往年的试题,一般自考书店都有卖的。祝你考试成功! 今天去书店时碰巧看到了几份自考日语的模拟真题试卷,感觉上册占的知识点比重大一些,当然下册也不容忽视呦。其实标日上下两册都挺简单的,下册也只达到日语国际能力测试的3级水平;如果你有基础(一点基础没有就另当别论了),上下两册一共48篇文章吧,而且大部分是对话,花两周的时间多看看教材,考60分应该是不成问题的。 如果有时间,2楼的建议可以斟酌一下哦!自考/成考有疑问、不知道自考/成考考点内容、不清楚当地自考/成考政策,点击底部咨询官网老师,免费领取复习资料:

今天教务老师给大家收集整理了英语写作自考本科教材,0603英语写作自考本科真题的相关问题解答,还有免费的自考历年真题及自考复习重点资料下载哦,以下是全国我们为自考生们整理的一些回答,希望对你考试有帮助!自考本科英语专业要考哪些科目?英语自考本科的开考科目因所在省份及主考院校的不同也有所不同,下面为您列出山东大学英语自考本科段的所有课目以及教材,供您参考:英汉翻译教程,外语教学与研究出版社,1999年版,庄绎传。高级英语高级英语,外语教学与研究出版社,2000年版,王家湘,张中载。英语写作,辽宁大学出版社,1999年版,杨俊峰。英美文学选读,《英美文学选读》外语教学与研究出版社,1999年版,张伯香。综合英语综合英语外语教学与研究出版社,2000年版,徐克容。英语语法,《现代英语语法》外语教学与研究出版社,2000年版,李基安。英语词汇学,《英语词汇学》外语教学与研究出版社,1999年版,张维友。中国近现代史纲要,《中国近现代史纲要》2008年版,王顺生,李捷。马克思主义基本原理概论,《马克思主义基本原理概论》,2008年版,卫兴华,赵家祥。拓展内容:自考本科:是高等教育自学考试本科的简称,自考本科是我国基本高等教育制度之一,成绩合格后由主考学校和高等教育自学考试委员会联合颁发大学毕业证书。国家承认学历,学信网可查,符合条件者由主考大学授予学士学位。获得自考本科学历,根据国家教育部1988年15号文件,享受普通高等教育毕业证书相同的法律效力。社会含金量略低于普通高等教育本科毕业证书。参考资料:百度百科词条The following passage is incomplete with one paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph missing paragraph of about 100 words. Make sure that the tone and vocabulary you use are in unity with the passage provided.II. 撰写大纲Write an outline Read the following passage carefully and compose a “sentence outline” for it. Sometimes the passage is from the textbook.III.文章写作Composition 从考察的内容看,考察的核心是英语的篇章结构,无论是补齐段落还是撰写大纲都不是孤立进行的,补齐的段落要和整篇文章衔接,做到整体如一;撰写的大纲是对篇章结构的直接考察,即考察考生从文章中抽象出结构的能力;文章写作考察整篇文章写作的综合能力。从考试形式上看,既考察学生句子,段落写作能力,也考察篇章写作能力。补齐对话考察段落写作,撰写提纲考察句子写作,文章写作考察篇章写作能力。因此,对《英语写作》的学习要牢牢把握一条红线,那就是要熟悉英语文章的篇章结构。具体的解题技巧我们将在课程讲解后给大家做详细的指导。三、《英语写作》课程讲解写作格式要求 有一句话,大家可能都知道,叫“文如其人”,英文是“The style is the man himself”。从一个人的行文就能看出他的品德,品性。整洁的文风不仅是对读者的尊重,更是对自己的尊重。这从一个侧面说明了写作格式的重要性,它是写作的“面子”,马虎不的。一些考生认为,作文注重内容,不注重形式。这是一种误解,干净整洁的文章使人耳目一新,急于阅读,使人对作者产生一种办事认真,思路清晰的第一印象。相反,杂乱无章,急就章式的文字使人觉得作者思维混乱,不知所云。设想一下在阅卷时间紧迫,任务繁重的情况下,给阅卷人留下良好的第一印象是多么的重要啊! 另外,严格的写作格式要求是英语写作不可分割的一部分,学习英语写作就必须遵守英语写作的规范,否则就不成其为英语写作。总体上讲,英语写作格式要给人留下整洁,清晰的印象。具体写作时,要注意以下几点:1. 页边距2. 题目位置:第一行居中。3. 题目中单词的大小写 每个单词的第一个字母要大写,但是下列除外: 冠词,少于四个字母的介词,并列连词如and, or, but, nor, for, to 等。 题目的第一个单词必须大写。4. 题目中的标点题目可以是问句;论文题目,直接引要加引号;书名要用斜体。5. 段落缩进每段第一行要缩进4-5个字母;练习时,隔行写便于教师批阅。考试时,不必要。标点符号后要空格。写作格式要求主要是一个习惯养成问题,考生在写作时要多加注意,养成习惯。撰写大纲的基本要求撰写大纲是英语写作的重要一步,也是英语写作考试重点考察的内容之一。因此,考生应该给以足够的重视。大纲指的是一篇文章的总体结构。撰写大纲能力的高低反应考生总体把握英语篇章能力的强弱。在《英语写作》考试中,它有两种表现形式:一是根据文章写出其大纲;一是根据题目编写大纲,构思文章。前者是考试直接考察的,既考察大纲的形式也考察其内容。后者是间接考察的,即在文章写作一题中,考生在构思时所用的大纲。它是写好一篇文章的前提和基础。这里我们着重讲解撰写大纲的形式要求,而对如何针对文章撰写大纲的考试技巧和写作过程中的大纲撰写将在后面的章节中加以详细论述。撰写英语大纲要遵循以下基本原则1. 部分若含有分项,则分项不能少于两个。即有“1”必有“2”,有“A”必有“B”,依次类推。处于同一地位的分项要具有同样的重要性,安排要合乎逻辑。分项要用相同的语法结构来表达。2. 不要将话题大纲和句子大纲相混淆。英语大纲有两种形式:话题大纲和句子大纲。顾名思义,话题大纲由名词短语,动名词短语,不定式短语等构成。句子大纲由完整的句子构成。两者泾渭分明,不得混用。3. 话题大纲的第一个字母要大写,短语后不必点句号;句子大纲要遵循英语句子的标点规范。但是在序列号中每一个罗马字母,大写字母,阿拉伯数字或是小写字母后要加句号,加了括号后不再加句号。4. 大纲序列号如下:I.罗马字母A.大写字母1.阿拉伯数字a.小写字母1) 带括号的阿拉伯数字a) 带括号的小写字母5.大纲实例话题大纲:I. Kindness to MumA. Warm languageB. Help with houseworkII. Kindness to childrenA. My own experienceB. His talk to my classmateIII. Kindness to our neighboursA. His help of the Wangs1. Quilts2. Dinner3. ConsolidationB. His help of the Changs1. Renting a car for the troubled2. Borrowing money for them句子大纲I. Father loves mother most kindly.A. He never hurts Mom with harsh wordsB. He tries his best to help Mom with the homework.II. Father reasons with us children when we do things wrong.A. He reasoned with me when I took his favorite record of music out to show off and damaged itB. He reasoned with my classmate Hong when we quarreled.III. Father kept helping our neighbors out of trouble.A. He helped the Wangs when their house caught fire.1. He gave them our new quilts.2. He invited them to eat in our home.3. He comforted them.B. He helped the Changs when their baby was terribly ill.1. He stopped a car and went to the hospital with the baby and mother.2. He borrowed money from friends to cover the hospital expenses.看一下这个网站吧,有你想要的资料的.自考英语专科资料导航 :?boardID=2&ID=862&page=1自考英语本科资料导航:?boardID=2&ID=861&page=1参考资料:英语易bbs.yingyuyi.com我也正好在找英语写作方面的资料,觉得这个讲的挺好,给你帖下他那里的第一页。如果你觉得好的话点这个网址看看后面的内容吧。自考《英语写作》开头和结尾万能公式及句型1. 开头万能公式一:名人名言有人问了,“我没有记住名言,怎么办?尤其是英语名言?”,很好办:编!原理:我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的,包括我们欣赏的文章也是,所以尽管编,但是一定要听起来很有道理呦!而且没准将来我们就是名人呢!对吧?经典句型:A proverb says, “ You are only young once.” (适用于已记住的名言)It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. (适用于自编名言)更多经典句型:As everyone knows, No one can deny that…2.开头万能公式二:数字统计原理:要想更有说服力,就应该用实际的数字来说明。原则上在议论文当中不应该出现虚假数字的,可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一,但编无妨,只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型:According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.看起来这个数字文邹邹的,其实都是编造出来的,下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造:Honesty根据最近的一项统计调查显示,大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。Travel by Bike根据最近的一项统计调查显示,85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。Youth根据最近的一项统计调查显示,在某个大学,学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?根据最近的一项统计调查显示,98%的人同意每周五天工作日。更多句型:A recent statistics shows that …你只管做 管它对不对 会打多少分 那是老师的问题.你要做的是准备好.然后自信的迎接考试.我也是读英语的.我现在在学法语.因为我喜欢法国.法语刚刚学起来会很难 但到最后很容易.日语相反.还有如果你只想过二外 其他的不管,那学日语.这科有那么难吗?我都没看书就过了。自考/成考有疑问、不知道自考/成考考点内容、不清楚当地自考/成考政策,点击底部咨询官网老师,免费领取复习资料:

自考高级英语重点段落翻译题型

今天教务老师给大家收集整理了英语二自考教材翻译题型,2015英语二新题型翻译的相关问题解答,还有免费的自考历年真题及自考复习重点资料下载哦,以下是全国我们为自考生们整理的一些回答,希望对你考试有帮助!自考本科中的英语2难吗?有一定难度,自考英语二应该与大专的英语水平相当,比大学英语四级稍微简单一些。英语二是自考本科必考的科目,只有通过英语二才能拿到学位证书。自考需要很好很强大的自学能力和理解能力,需要很强悍的毅力,自考有主考院校,不是像高考一样,主要院校是固定的,是发给你毕业证的学校。考试要求:1、是词汇约3800个(其中中学阶段所学词汇1600个),词组约750个,阅读量为50000余词。2、是对语法的整个体系(词法和句法)有比较清晰的概念,掌握词形变化规则,了解词和词组在句子中的作用、句子和分句的结构和功能并能在阅读和汉译英中实际运用。3、是阅读能力上要求能读懂与所学教材最后一册课文难易程度相当的一般性材料。阅读生词不超过总词数3%的材料,阅读速度要达到70词/分钟,理解正确率在70%以上。4、是能把结构不太复杂的句子译成英语。5、是虽没有听力和写作,但是有专门的语法和词汇题型。考试题型:英语二满分为100分,题型有:阅读判断、阅读选择、概括段落大意及补全句子、填句补文、填词补文、完形补文和短文写作,共七个大题。1、阅读判断阅读判断是试卷的第一题,会给你一个短文,根据文章内容对每个句子做出判断。做这个题目的重点是抓住关键词,根据文章内容作为答题依据。2、阅读选择阅读选择不是简单的判断对错,而是从4个选项中挑选出最佳选项,这种属于细节题。3、概括段落大意及补全句子概括段落大意是根据段落的意思,选择符合句意的词语。其中要非常注意段落的主题,做题时可先快速浏览一下文章,大致清楚文章讲的主旨是什么,再看选项。补全句子是需要从六个选项中选择五个选项填入对应句子,将其补全。这个的考点其实也非常固定化,一般是六种。4、填句补文这个是将六个句子选项填入短文中的五处空白从而让短文恢复原貌。尤其要注意空格前后的信息和关键词。即使读不懂文章,也要能看懂特殊的关联词,搞清楚带有转承关系的句子以及特殊标点的句子。5、填词补文这个题型对大家的词汇量要求比较高,尤其是词性的把握。最好在做题前先分析每一填空所需词汇的词性,到底是名词、动词、形容词还是副词,哪怕你看不懂文章也可以帮你快速排除错误答案。6、完形补文这个很像完形填空,根据上下文,填写单词的正确形式,进而补全文章,这里就涉及到语法知识了,如果语法薄弱的话,需要具体补一补了。7、短文写作作文写作字数一般要求在100词左右。根据指定的话题完成写作任务。要想作文得高分,考前大量作文模版的背诵是必不可少了。2016自考英语二有哪些题型,分值多少?2016自考英语二有以下题型:选择题非选择题。扩展资料:参加全国高等教育自学考试,且选择的是英语专业,简称为自考英语。本专业培养具有扎实的英语语言基础和比较广泛的科学文化知识,能在外事、经贸、文化、新闻出版、教育、科研、旅游等部门从事翻译、研究、教学、管理工作的英语高级专门人才。考生可以到市、县(区)自学考试办公室指定报名报考点报名报考,也可通过互联网或电话报名报考。首次参加自学考试的新生须先办理报名手续,然后才可办理报考手续。旧生在每次考试前只须按规定时间办理报考手续。四川2014年一月自考英语2有哪些题型?四川2014年一月自考英自考英语二,从去年改版后,出现两种版本的全国卷,一种是有单词拼写和英译汉,一种是没有单词拼写但是有作文。原自考英语考试题型:1、单项选择题10题,10分2、阅读理解15题,30分3、完形填空10题,10分4、词形变换20题,10分5、汉译英5题,15分6、英译汉1题,15分2013年10月自考英语题型调整为1、阅读判断10题,10分该项实则为判断题,正确选A,错误选B,没有提及选C,所以永远没有D选项哦2、阅读理解5题,10分该项大家都很熟悉,但较之以往考试,分值大大降低3、概况段落大意和补全句子10题,10分4、填句补文5题,10分5、填词补文10题,15分6、完型补文10题,15分,相当于之前的完形填空7、作文30分山东自考英语二课文翻译打开手机浏览器,输入爱问手机版地址在页面上就可以看见爱问知识人手机版的链接。点击进入后,使用您在爱问知识人的用户名和密码,就可以登录并提交问题和回答了。您也可以在手机浏览器地址栏直接输入进入爱问知识人手机版。自考/成考有疑问、不知道自考/成考考点内容、不清楚当地自考/成考政策,点击底部咨询官网老师,免费领取复习资料:

很多小伙伴问,关于成人自考英语二有哪些题型?成人自考英语题库的相关问题,今天本站编辑就给大家整理了关于成人自考英语二有哪些题型?成人自考英语题库全部问题,希望对你有帮助!成人自考英语二有哪些题型?【免费定制个人学历提升方案和复习资料:tg/?bdlk 】成人自考英语二题型包括七个部分,分别是阅读判断、阅读选择、概括段落大意和补全句子、填句补文、填词补文、完形补文以及短文写作。一、阅读判断。阅读判断一般位于试卷的第一题,给你一段短文,根据短文内容对于每个句子作出判断,一般有10个句子判断选项,正确的选A,错误的选B。需要大家读懂文章大意,才能作出正确选项。二、阅读选择。阅读选择也是一段短文,题目的设置是通过阅读短文,从所给各题的 4 个选项中选出 1 个最佳选项,选项不再是判断对错,而是挖空的形式,属于细节题。三、概括段落大意和补全句子。概括段落大意,简单来说就是根据段落大意,然后根据每个段落的意思,选择一个符合意思的词语。一般有五个选项,而补全句子需要从六个选项中选择五个选项填入对应句子,将其补全。四、填句补文。一般短文会设置 5 处空白,而短文后会设置 6 个句子选项,要求考生根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置,以恢复文章原貌。五、填词补文。除了填句补文以外,还有填词补文。这种题型在英语四级和六级的考试中,也是有的,主要对于考生单词词汇量要求比较高。六、完形补文。或许大家对于完形补文比较陌生,但是完形填空大家一定知道,其实完形补文也差不多,需要考生根据空白括号后的单词提示,根据上下文,正确填写单词形式,进而补全文章。七、短文写作。凡是英语考试,必然会要求写英语作文,就像考语文一定要作文一样,作文写作字数一般要求在100 词左右。根据指定的话题完成写作任务。成人自考英语二下方免费学历提升方案介绍: 2018年04月自考07008采购与仓储管理真题试卷 格式:PDF大小:306.54KB 2020年08月自考07008采购与仓储管理真题试卷 格式:PDF大小:331.78KB自考/成考考试有疑问、不知道自考/成考考点内容、不清楚自考/成考考试当地政策,点击底部咨询猎考网,免费获取个人学历提升方案:tg/?bdlk自考APP软件哪个比较好,做题和搜题都可以的那种?自考搜题软件哪个好用?学姐的这份自考心备考自考的时候大家是不是有很多迷茫的地方,很多的地方有着似懂非懂的感觉,这种感觉其实是正常的,我的一个表姐就是自考提升的学历,今天我就把从她那里取到的经“传授”给你们!首先我们要说的第一件事就是备考的方式,很多的小伙伴可能会选择报一个培训机构,也有极个别的小伙伴会选择孤军奋战,自学备考,无论你的打算是怎样,接下来的几点请你一定要认真看!第一点,报一个班比自己学习要好很多,因为培训机构会有很多更加高效的学习资料给到你们,从头到尾基本上都是会为你负责,基本上就不用操心很多,也不会很影响自己的个人时间。第二点,不要轻信他人,其实很多人都是所谓的“熟人”介绍,但是自己并没有认真考察,所以还是建议大家一定要好好的考察再做决定,毕竟有些机构并不是很负责。第三点,那就是就是平常我们应该怎么样学习和备考了,其实自考是很很需要技巧的,最好还是要制定一下相关的计划,因为是每次考两门,所以只需要在考试前1-3个月开始备考就好,因为提前太多会很容易忘记,还浪费了时间。关于自考的搜题软件表姐只给我推荐了两个,她说有这两个基本上就够了,一个是学习英语的沪江开心词场,另一个就是优题宝。沪江开心词场 对于英语的学习是很有帮助的,里面有一套比较完整的学习体系,还能够制作属于自己的记单词计划,整体来说还是蛮不错的。优题宝 科目真的是很全,所以基本上自考的专业都是可以用的上,备考遇到不会的题目就可以搜答案,答案准确,解析也很详细,很值得入手。自考英语二考试试题(历年真题)?00015英语(二)真题和答案29份:2004年04月,2004年10月,2005年04月,2005年07月2005年10月,2006年04月,2006年07月,2006年10月2007年01月,2007年04月,2007年07月,2007年10月2008年01月,2008年04月,2008年07月,2008年10月2009年01月,2009年04月,2009年07月,2009年10月2010年01月,2010年04月,2010年07月,2010年10月2011年01月,2011年04月,2011年07月,2011年10月2012年01月 我有这些试题及答案专科英语等级考复习软件有什么如今与英语相关的工作岗位都比较吃香,一方面英语专业人才仍是社会稀缺资源 ,另一方面是英语相关的工作岗位薪资待遇好,发展前景也更广阔。因此许多热爱学习英语的考生会选择学习这门专业。自学考试专科英语专业一共需要考试的课程科目有十二科,如果大家每次报考四科并且全部通过的话,是可以在一年半的时间里就能申请毕业的。这是最短的时间,但也是对大家要求最严格的时间,因为需要大家每科的成绩都达到合格线才可以顺利拿到自考英语专科毕业证书。所以无论大家是为了更好找工作,还是为了之后考研等深造的话,都是需要尽快拿到毕业证的。有关如何备考,推荐以下几款英语学习app,助力大家早日通过考试!一、 欧陆词典背单词最棒的词典,词库免费!非常智能的跨平台取词功能以及非常完善的离线词库绝对是两大亮点,除了通常我们常用的词库,这各种专业领域的词库也是一应俱全。很方便知识扩展。自考英语核心词有4400个,词组400个,按照自己的时间分配每天的单词量。个人建议20-30个就可以。另外,背单词还是要运用艾宾浩斯的遗忘曲线来,也就是说今天背20个单词,明天背第二批20个,也要同时先复习第一天的20个单词,相当于第二天就是旧20个+新20个。不要害怕遗忘,也不需要强迫自己一定一次性背完。先背最重要的单词,最常用的,边看边写边背。二 、每日英语听力一款用于提高英语听力的应用软件,用真实语境的例句,来深入了解从而掌握英语的学习语言环境。每日英语听力拥有每天更新的海量听力库,并独家提供智能语音高亮跟随功能。与拥有海量词库的《欧路词典》无缝集成,查词典、背单词轻松搞定。要注意的是,听听力集中注意力非常重要,在做听力题时一定要保证自己的注意力高度集中。有一些同学会奇怪,自己的词汇量不少,基础也不差,为什么还是在练习听力的时候,感觉困难重重。明明知道的单词,却听不出来。对于这种情况的同学,很有可能是因为在背记单词的过程中,没有掌握正确的单词读音,或者忽略了连读,因为有时候两个单词连在一起读的时候,会省略th的发音,或者是其他清辅音的发音。建议在练习中用下面这几种方法解决:重新复习音标,修正自己单词发音,并且大声朗读这些单词注意重读音节部分进行听力材料跟读,提高自己的语感和读音的准确性注意连读部分,进行归纳总结三、希赛自考题库自考英语刷题工具,这个app有含历年真题、模拟考卷、章节练成人自考本科学位英语题型?【免费定制个人学历提升方案和复习资料:tg/?bdlk 】成人自考本科学位英语题型题型一:阅读理解阅读理解部分主要考查自考生对材料的主旨的掌握,能够理解字面意思并能 根据所读材料进行一定的判断和推论;一般有三篇短文,总阅读量不超过900个词。每篇文章后有五个问题,考生应根据文章内容从每题四个选择项中选出一个。题型二:完形填空完形填空考核考生的综合运用语言的能力,要求考生在全面理解内容的基础上选出一个,使短文的结构和意思恢复完整。题型三:挑错挑错题是测试学生掌握词汇、短语及语法结构的熟练程度,其重点是固定搭配和句型。考试范围与第二部分相同。该题型由10个单句组成。每个句子含有标着A、B、C、D的四个画线部分,其中有一处是错误的,要求考生从四个画线部分中挑出其错误的部分。题型四:翻译翻译题考核学生词汇、语法、句型等方面综合运用语言的能力。 要求考生把前面阅读理解文章中画线的五个句子译成中文或把中文翻译成英文。题型五:词语用法和语法结构词语用法和语法结构题型考核学生运用词汇、短语及语法结构的能力。考试范围包括全日制文理科本科教学大纲中词汇表及语法结构表一至三级的主要内容。自考学位英语自考学位英语考试题型下方免费学历提升方案介绍: 2016年10月自考02275计算机基础与程序设计真题试卷 格式:PDF大小:396.3KB 2013年10月自考06092工作分析真题试卷 格式:PDF大小:128.4KB自考/成考考试有疑问、不知道自考/成考考点内容、不清楚自考/成考考试当地政策,点击底部咨询猎考网,免费获取个人学历提升方案:tg/?bdlk自考/成考有疑问、不知道自考/成考考点内容、不清楚当地自考/成考政策,点击底部咨询官网老师,免费领取复习资料:

自考高级英语教材重要段落翻译题

lesson4 自己选择死亡方式 Lesson Four Die as You Choose 制定关于安乐死的法律已经到了不能再回避的地步。 The need for laws on euthanasia cannot be dodged for much longer. 在世界上某个较小的国家里,安乐死被医疗机构普遍接受,每年都有数千例公开实施。 In one of the world's smaller countries, mercy-killing is accepted by the medical establishment and openly practiced a few thousand times each year. 而在某个世界大国,安乐死虽然经常受到医疗机构的公开谴责,每年却以数倍于此的次数秘密实施,且从未公之于众。 In one of the world's biggest countries, euthanasia is condemned by the medical establishment, secretly practiced many times more often, and almost never comes to light. 但是,在上述那个国家有医生因为实施安乐死而在监狱里服刑呢? Which of these countries has a mercy-killing doctor now languishing in its jails? 是在小国荷兰。荷兰制定了有关安乐死的法律,能有效地管理它。 It is the small one, Holland, which has rules for euthanasia and so can police it effectively. 那位荷兰的医生违反了他国家的规定。 The Dutch doctor broke his country's rules. 有关安乐死的问题在所有国家都存在,决不仅出现在美国这个禁止安乐死的大国。 There is a moral here for all the countries, and not just for the big death-forbidding country, America. 目前美国正再次展开有关安乐死的辩论。 Right now it is going over the arguments about euthanasia once again. 美国医学协会会刊1月份发表了一封非同寻常的来信。一位医生在信中宣称自己按照病人的意愿,杀死了一位身患癌症的20岁女孩。 In January the Journal of the American Medical Association published a bizarre letter, in which an anonymous doctor claimed to have killed a 20-year-old cancer patient at her own request. 这件事引起了一场辩论,而这场辩论将轰轰烈烈地持续到秋季,那时加利福尼亚州可能会就一项使安乐死合法化的法律进行投票表决。 This started a debate that will rumble on into the autumn, when Californians may vote on a proposed law legalizing euthanasia. 这封信可能是为了起到引发争论的效果,内容并不可信。 The letter was probably written for polemical impact. It is scarcely credible. 是作者自己在信中声称他(或她)第一次与那位得了癌症的病人见面,听到病人说出5个字——“让我去死吧”——然后就杀了她。 It's author claims that he met the cancer patient for the first time, heard five words from her – “Let's get this over with” – then killer her. 即使是极端的安乐死支持者也不赞成在这种情况下采取如此做法。 Even the most extreme proponents of euthanasia do not support such an action in those circumstances. 然而,医疗上出现的可怕事件如洪水猛兽一般,并不比安乐死的情况更好。它们无疑会在英美以及其他国家中继续肆虐,几乎成了令人恐怖的常规。 Yet medical monstrosities that are hardly any better undoubtedly continue, almost as a matter of macabre routine, in America, Britain and many other countries. 一些医生私下透露他们有时会故意杀死病人,这样的情况非常普遍,令人担忧。 It is disturbingly easy to find doctors who will say, in private, that they sometimes kill patients on purpose. 多数医生说他们知道其他医生也有同样的行为,但是因为即使在病人乞求他们的时候,医生也几乎不能与病人公开讨论安乐死,因此医生往往倾向于仅在要死的人处于垂危昏迷之际而无法表达是否同意安乐死时,才结束其生命。 Most say that know somebody else who does. But because they can rarely discuss euthanasia openly with patients – even when those patients beg them for it – doctors tend to kill only when the dying are too far gone to consent. 由于自愿要求安乐死受到禁止,就只能由医生自行作出决定了,病人会在夜间受到药物注射而非自愿地离开人世。 Thus, because voluntary euthanasia is taboo, a doctor makes the decision himself – and the patient is killed involuntarily in the night with a syringe. 这是不使安乐死公开的代价。 That is one price of keeping euthanasia secret. 如果所有形式的安乐死都是错误的,那就应该统统列入禁止之列。 If all forms of mercy-killing are wrong, they should remain taboo. 可情况果真如此吗? But are they? 许多人都认为依靠医学技术来延续生命带给人的痛苦是令人悲哀、可憎可恶的,完全不顾人的尊严,因此被动的安乐死——让病人自行死亡——被人们普遍接受。 Because many people accept that it is sad, undignified and gruesome to prolong the throes of death will all the might of medical technology, passive euthanasia – letting patients die – is widely accepted. 美国大多数州都有关于“活遗嘱”的法规,为医生提供保护。如果医生没有尽力救助曾声明不想延续生命的病人,不会为此受到起诉。 Most American states have “living – will” legislation that protects doctors from prosecution if they do not try to save someone who has said he does not want life prolonged. 主动的安乐死——杀死病人——却依然争论颇多。 Active euthanasia – killing – remains controversial. 将人杀死与让人死亡之间的界线还能维持多久呢? How long can the distinction between killing and letting die hold out? 正如因未履行某种职责受到处罚一样,人也可能因干了某事而不受责难。 Just as there can be culpable omissions, so too can there be blameless acts. 让我们从道德伦理著作中举例说明。假定一个人会从某个孩子的死亡中获益,当这个孩子在浴缸中撞伤头部而失去知觉时,那个人视而不见,任其溺水身亡。 Suppose – to take an example from the moral philosophy books – that a man stands to gain from the death of a certain child. The child strikes his head in the bath and falls unconscious. The man sits down and watches him drown. 虽然这个人什么都没有做,但他并不能因此开脱罪责。 The fact that the man has performed no action does not excuse him. 同样,再假设为了缩短而不是延长死亡到来的时间,医生终止某种治疗是无可指责的做法,那么如果这位医生使用足够的镇痛剂致使病人死亡,他就一定大错特错吗? Similarly, suppose that a doctor does no wrong by withholding some treatment in order that death should come sooner rather than later. Is he then necessarily wrong if he administers enough painkillers to kill? 这位医生采取了某种行动,而不是未尽某种职责,这会使他有罪吗? Does the fact that the doctor performed an action, rather than an omission, condemn him? 许多医生一直在为解除病人临终前的痛苦而奋斗着。他们认为在病人请求安乐死时,根本无法截然区分被动与主动的安乐死。 Many doctors working on the battlefield of terminal suffering think that only squeamishness demands a firm difference between passive and active euthanasia on request. 他们赞成医生杀死病人的理由是:医生的职责之一就是使病人免遭痛苦,这是医生所做的全部事情,而杀死病人则是做到这一点的惟一办法。 Their argument for killing goes like this: one of a doctor's duties is to prevent suffering; sometimes that is all there is left for him to do, and killing is the only way to do it. 这个观点并不新颖。当希波克拉底为医生制定信条的时候,曾明确禁止安乐死,而多数其他希腊医生和思想家都不赞成这一禁令。 There is nothing new in this view. When Hippocrates formulated his oath for doctors, which explicitly rules out active killing, most other Greek doctors and thinkers disagreed with his ban. 前事不忘,后事之师。 Let the past be a guide. 有人认为死亡的时间是上帝安排的,任何人不得缩短他人的生命,然而假如一位病人的人生观使其接受安乐死,那么人们不禁要问:为什么其他人还要用不同的宗教观念去干预其死亡呢? Some people believe that the time of death is appointed by God and that no man should put the clock back on another. Yet if a patient's philosophical views embrace euthanasia, it is not clear why the religious objections of others should intrude on his death. 另一个令人担忧问题是,有关安乐死的法律体系允许医生在规定的情况下按照垂死病人的请求实施安乐死,就可能为杀人首开先例,从而危害社会。 Another worry is that a legal framework for euthanasia, permitting a doctor to comply with a dying man's request in a prescribed set of circumstances, might pose dangers for society by setting a precedent for killing. 这个问题取决于社会。 That depends on the society. 尽管有不同意见,荷兰对建立这样的法律体系已经准备就绪。 Holland, arguably, is ready for it. 当年就是荷兰医生英勇无比地顶住了压力,拒绝参与使安乐死声名狼藉的纳粹用人体进行医学实验的暴行,这恐怕不是巧合。 It is probably no coincidence that it was Dutch doctors who most heroically resisted pressure to join in the Nazi medical atrocities that have given euthanasia its worst name. 这些医生对个人自由坚定不移的尊重使他们没有杀害渴望活下去的健康人。今天正是同样的精神又使他们去帮助不愿活下去的垂危病人。 The same tenacious respect for individual liberty that stopped them killing healthy people, who did not want to die, now lets them help dying people who do. 与之相反,西德在未来相当长的时间里都无法使任何形式的安乐死合法化。 West Germany, by contrast, will not be able to legalize any form of euthanasia for a long time to come. 由于历史的阴影反对安乐死的力量异常强大,在那些近年来自由意志的传统未受任何干扰的国家里,为自愿安乐死制定有限的规定并不会使人们产生太多的恐惧。 Opposition is too fierce, because of the shadow of the past. Countries with an uninterrupted recent libertarian tradition have less to fear from setting some limited rules for voluntary euthanasia. 拒绝讨论这个问题会使情况更加糟糕。 By refusing to discuss it, they usher in something worse.

Lesson Nine The Trouble with Television 电视的毛病 The Trouble with Television 要摆脱电视的影响是困难的。 It is difficult to escape the influence of television. 假如统计的平均数字适用于你的话,那么你到20岁的时候就至少看过2万个小时的电视了,从那以后每生活10年就会增加1万小时。 If you fit the statistical averages, by the age of 20 you will have been exposed to at least 20,000 hours of television. You can add 10,000 hours for each decade you have lived after the age of 20. 笔起看电视,美国人只有在工作和睡眠上花时间更多。 The only things Americans do more than watch television are work and sleep. 稍微计算一下,使用这些时间的一部分能够做些什么。 Calculate for a moment what could be done with even a part of those hours. 听说一个大学生仅用5000小时就可以获得学士学位。 Five thousand hours, I am told, are what a typical college undergraduate spends working on a bachelor's degree. 在1万个小时内你能学成一个天文学家或工程师,流利掌握几门外语。 In 10,000 hours you could have learned enough to become an astronomer or engineer. You could have learned several languages fluently. 如果你感兴趣的话,你可能读希腊原文的荷马史诗或俄文版的陀思妥耶夫斯基的作品;如果对此不感兴趣,那你可以徒步周游世界,撰写一本游记。 If it appealed to you, you could be reading Homer in the original Greek or Dostoyevsky in Russian. If it didn't, you could have walked around the world and written a book about it. 电视的毛病在于它分散了人们的注意力。 The trouble with television is that it discourages concentration. 生活中几乎一切有趣的、能给人以满足的事都需要一定的建设性的、持之以恒的努力。 Almost anything interesting and rewarding in life requires some constructive, consistently applied effort. 即使是我们中间那些最迟钝、最没有天才的人也能做出一些事来,而这些事使那些从来不在任何事情上专心致志的人感到像是奇迹一般。 The dullest, the least gifted of us can achieve things that seem miraculous to those who never concentrate on anything. 但电视鼓励我们不做出任何努力,它向我们兜售即时的满足,它给我们提供娱乐,使我们只想娱乐,让时间在毫无痛苦中消磨掉。 But Television encourages us to apply no effort. It sells us instant gratification. It diverts us only to divert, to make the time pass without pain. 电视节目的多样化成了一种麻醉剂而不是促进思考的因素。 Television's variety becomes a narcotic , nor a stimulus. 它那系列的、多变的画面引着我们跟着它走。 Its serial, kaleidoscopic exposures force us to follow its lead. 观众无休无止地跟着导游游览:参观博物馆30分钟,看大教堂30分钟,喝饮料30分钟,然后上车去下一个参观点,只是电视的特点是时间分配以分秒计算,而所选择的内容却多为车祸和人们的互相残杀。 The viewer is on a perpetual guided tour: 30 minutes at the museum, 30 at the cathedral, 30 for a drink, then back on the bus to the next attraction —-except on television., typically, the spans allotted arc on the order of minutes or seconds, and the chosen delights are more often car crashes and people killing one another. 总之许多电视节目取代了人类最可贵的一种才能,即主动集中自己的注意力,而不是被动地奉送注意力。 In short, a lot of television usurps one of the most precious of all human gifts, the ability to focus your attention yourself, rather than just passively surrender it. 吸引并抓住人们的注意力是大多数电视节目安排的主要目的,它加强了电视是有利可图的广告的载体的作用。 Capturing your attention —and holding it—is the prime motive of most television programming and enhances its role as a profitable advertising vehicle. 节目安排使人生活在无休止的恐惧之中,唯恐抓不住人们的注意力——不管是什么人的注意力都担心。 Programmers live in constant fear of losing anyone's attention—anyone's. 避免造成这一局面的最有把握的办法就是使一切节目都保持简短,不要使任何人的注意力过于集中而受到损害,而要通过多样化、新奇性、动作和行动不断地提供刺激。 The surest way to avoid doing so is to keep everything brief, not to strain the attention of anyone but instead to provide constant stimulation through variety, novelty, action and movement. 很简单,电视的运作原则就是迎合观众的注意力跨度短这一特点。 Quite simply, television operates on the appeal to the short attention span. 这只是最简单的解决办法,但它逐渐被看作是电视这一宣传媒体特定的,内在固有的性质,是必须履行的职责,似乎是司令萨尔诺夫或另一个令人敬畏的电视创始人给我们传下了刻有铭文的石碑,命令电视上出现的一切节目均不得使观众需要片刻以上的注意力。 It is simply the easiest way out. But it has come to be regarded as a given, as inherent in the medium itself; as an imperative, as though General Sarnoff, or one of the other august pioneers of video, had bequeathed to us tablets of stone commanding that nothing in television shall ever require more than a few moments' Concentration. 要是运用得恰当,这倒也无可厚非。 In its place that is fine. 如此出色地把使人忘却现实的娱乐作为大规模推销工具加以包装,谁又能反对这样一种宣传媒介呢? Who can quarrel with a medium that so brilliantly packages escapist entertainment as a mass-marketing tool? 但是我看到了它的价值现已充斥于这个国家及其生活之中。 Rut I see its values now pervading this nation and its life. 认为快速思维和快餐食品一样影响着生活节奏很快、性情急躁的公众,这已成了时髦的看法。 It has become fashionable to think that, like fast food, fast ideas are the way to get to a fast-moving, impatient public. 在新闻方面,我认为这种做法不能进行很好的交流。 In the case of news, this practice, in my view, results in inefficient communication. 我怀疑电视每晚的新闻节目真正能够被人吸收和理解的有多少。 I question how much of television's nightly news effort is really absorbable and understandable. 其中许多被形象地描述为“机关枪不连贯地点射”。 Much of it is what has been aptly described as “machine-gunning with scraps.” 我认为这种技术是与连贯性作对的。 I think the technique fights coherence. 我认为它最终会使事情变得枯燥乏味、无足轻重(除非伴以恐怖的画面),因为任何一件事,如果你对它几乎一无所知,那么它差不多总会是枯燥乏味、使人觉得无足轻重的。 I think it tends to make things ultimately boring and dismissible (unless they are accompanied by horrifying pictures) because almost anything is boring and dismissible if you know almost nothing about it. 我认为,电视迎合观众注意力跨度短的做法不仅会造成交流不畅,而且还会降低文化水平。 I believe that TV's appeal to the short attention span is not only inefficient communication but decivilizing as well. 想一想电视要达到的那些极不慎重的原则吧:必须避免复杂性,用视觉刺激来代替思考,语言的精确早已是不合时宜的要求。 Consider the casual assumptions that television tends to cultivate: that complexity must be avoided, that visual stimulation is a substitute for thought, that verbal precision is an anachronism. 它可能已过时,但我所受的教育告诉我思想就是语言,是按准确的语法规则组织起来的。 It may be old-fashioned, but I was taught that thought is words, arranged in grammatically precise 在美国存在着读写能力的危机。 There is a crisis of literacy in this country. 据一项研究估计,约有3000万美国成年人是“功能性文盲”。他们的读写能力无法回答招聘广告,或读懂药瓶上的说明。 One study estimates that some 30 million adult Americans are “functionally illiterate” and cannot read or write well enough to answer the want ad or understand the instructions on a medicine bottle. 能读写可能算不上是一项不可剥夺的人权,但是我们学识渊博的开国元勋们并不感到它是不合理的或者甚至是达不到的。 Literacy may not be an inalienable human right, but it is one that the highly literate Founding Fathers might not have found unreasonable or even unattainable. 从统计数字上看,我们的国家不仅未达到人人能读写的程度,而且离这一目标越来越远。 We are not only not attaining it as a nation, statistically speaking, but we are falling further and further short of attaining it. 尽管我不会天真到认为电视是造成这一情况的原因,但我却相信它起了一定的作用,是有影响的。 And, white I would not be so simplistic as to suggest that television is the cause, 1 believe it contributes and is an influence. 美国的一切:社会结构、家庭组织形式、经济、在世界上的地位,都变得更为复杂,而不是相反。 Everything about this nation —the structure of the society, its forms of family organization, its economy, its place in the world— has become more complex, not less. 然而其占主导地位的传播媒介,全国联系的主要方式,却在人类存在的问题上推销简单的解决方式,而这些问题通常是没有简单的解决方式的。 Yet its dominating communications instrument, its principal form of national linkage, is one that sells neat resolutions to human problems that usually have no neat resolutions. 在我的心目中,那30秒钟一个的商业广告:一位家庭主妇因选对了牙膏而感到幸福的那小小的戏剧性场面就是这一切的象征。电视已使这极其成功的艺术形式成为我们文化不可缺少的一个部分了。 It is all symbolized in my mind by the hugely successful art form that television has made central to the culture,the 30-second commercial: the tiny drama of the earnest housewife who finds happiness in choosing the right toothpaste. 在人类历,几时曾有这样多的人共同把自己这样多的业余时间奉送给一件玩具,一项大众娱乐? When before in human history has so much humanity collectively surrendered so much of its leisure to one toy, one mass diversion? 几时曾有一个国家使自己整个地置于商品推销媒介的摆布之下? When before has virtually an entire nation surrendered itself whole-sale to a medium for selling? 几年前,耶鲁大学的法学教授小查尔斯?L?布莱克写道:“……被喂食本身并不是件琐碎小事。” Some years ago Yale University law professor Charles L. Black. Jr.,wrote:“…… forced feeding on trivial fare is not itself a trivial matter-” 我认为我们这个社会正在强行被喂食。 I think this society is being forced-fed with trivial fare, 我担心这一做法对我们的思维习惯,对我们的语言、我们努力的极限度及对复杂情况的兴趣等方面所造成的影响,这一点我们还只是极模糊地意识到。 and I fear that the effects on our habits of mind, our language, our tolerance for effort, and our appetite for complexity are only dimly perceived. 就算我的看法不对,用怀疑和批判的眼光来分析这个问题,来考虑如何抵制它,也不会有任何害处。 If I am wrong, we will have done no harm to look at the issue skeptically and critically,to consider how we should be resisting it. I hope you will join with me in doing so.

  •   索引序列
  •   自考高级英语重点段落翻译题
  •   自考高级英语重点段落翻译
  •   自考高级英语重点段落翻译真题
  •   自考高级英语重点段落翻译题型
  •   自考高级英语教材重要段落翻译题
  •   返回顶部

自考地区