自考英美文学历年真题及答案解析

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自考英美文学历年真题及答案解析

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The major writers of the Modern Period Ⅰ。Ezra Pound （1885-1972）一。一般识记 Ezra Pound's contribution to American literature： Pound was one of the most important poets and critics of his time and he was regarded as the father of modern American poetry. He is a leading spokesman of the "Imagist Movement"， which though short-lived， had a tremendous influence on modern poetry. 二。识记 His major works： Pound composed poems， wrote criticisms and did translations. （1） His poetic works： In 1915 Pound began writing his great work， The Cantos， which spanned from 1917 to 1959 and were collected in The Cantos of Ezra Pound （1986）。 He joined a famous literary salon run by an American woman writer Gertrude Stein， and became involved in the experimentations on poetry. His other poetic works include twelve volumes of verse Collected Early Poems of Ezra Pound （1982）， and Personae （1909）， and some longer pieces such as Hugh Selwyn Mauberley （1920）。（2） His critical essays： Make It New （l934）， Literary Essays （l954）， The ABC of Reading （1934） and Polite Essays （l937）， etc. These essays best reflect Pound's appraisals of literary traditions and of modern writing. （3） His translations： The Translations of Ezra Pound （1953）， Confucius （1969）， and Shih-Ching （1954） These translations have not only cast light on Pound's affinity to the Chinese and his strenuous effort in the study of Oriental literature， but also offered us a clue to the understanding of his poetry and literary theory. From the analysis of the Chinese ideogram Pound learned to anchor his poetic language in concrete， perceptual reality， and to organize images into larger patterns through juxtoposition. 三。领会 1. Ezra Pound's poetic subjects or themes：（1） His earlier poetry is saturated with the familiar poetic subjects that characterize the 19th century Romanticism： songs in praise of a lady， songs concerning the poet's craft， love and friendship， death， the transience of beauty and the permanence of art， and some other subjects that Pound could call his own： the pain of exile， metamorphosis， the delightful psychic experience， the ecstatic moment， etc. （2） Later he is more concerned about the problems of the modern culture： the contemporary cultural decay and the possible sources of cultural renewal as well. In The Cantos， Pound traces the rise and fall of eastern and western empires， the moral and social chaos of the modern world， especially the corruption of America after the heroic time of Jefferson. From the perception of these things， stems the poet's search for order， which involves a search for the principles on which the poet's craft is based. 2. His artistic achievment：（1） He is the leader of the Imagist Movement： Led by the American poet Ezra Pound， Imagist Movement is a poetic movement that flourished in the U.S. and England between 1909-1917. It advances modernism in arts which concentrated on reforming the medium of poetry as opposed to Romanticism， especially Tennyson's wordiness and high-flown language in poetry. Pound endorsed three main principles as guidelines for Imagism， including direct treatment of poetic subjects， elimination of merely ornamental or superfluous words， and rhythmical composition in the sequence of the musical phrase rather than in the sequence of a metronome. The primary Imagist objective is to avoid rhetoric and moralizing， to stick closely to the object or experience being described， and to move from explicit generalization. The leading poets are Ezra Pound， Wallace Stevens， D.H.Lawrence， etc. Pound's famous one-image poem "In a Station of the Metro" would serve as a typical example of the Imagist ideas. （2） His use of myth and personae： Pound argued that the poet cannot relate a delightful psychic experience by speaking out directly in the first person： he must "screen himself" and speak indirectly through as impersonal and objective story， which is usually a myth or a piece of the earlier literature， or a "mask，" that is a persona. In this way， Pound could sustain a dialogue between past and present succesfully. （persona： It is an invented person； a character in drama or fiction. Persona， a Latin word meaning "mask ，" is used in Jungian psychology to refer to one's "public personality"-the facade or mask presented to the world but not representative of inner feelings and emotions. In literary criticism， persona is sometimes used to refer to a person figuring in， for example， a poem， someone who may or may not represent the author himself. ）（3） His language： His lines are usually oblique yet marvelously compressed. His poetry is dense with personal， literary， and historical allusions， but at the expense of syntax and summary statements. 四。应用：Selected Readings： 1. In a Station of the Metro （1） Theme： This poem is an observation of the poet of the human faces seen in a Paris subway station or a description of a moment of sudden emotion at seeing beautiful faces in a Metro in Paris. He sees the faces， turned variously toward light and darkness， like flower petals which are half absorbed by， half resisting， the wet， dark texture of a bough. （2） The one image in this poem： This poem is probably the most famous of all imagist poems. In two lines it combines a sharp visual image or two juxtoposed images （意象叠加） "Petals on a wet， black bough" with an implied meaning. The faces in the dim light of the Metro suggest both the impersonality and haste of city life and the greater transience of human life itself. The word "apparition" is a well-chosen one which has a two-fold meaning： Firstly， it means a visible appearance of something real. Secondly， it builds an image of a ghostly sight， a delusive and unexpected appearance. （3） Pound uses the fewest possible words to convey an accurate image， which is the principle of the Imagist poetry. This poem looks to be a modern adoption of the haiku form of Japanese poetry which adapts the 3-line， 17 syllable and where the title is an intergral part of the whole. The poem succeeds largely because of its internal rhymes： station/apparition； Metro/petals/wet； crowd/bough. Its form was determined by the experience that inspired it， involving organically rather than being chosen arbitrarily. 2. The River-Merchant's Wife： A Letter （1） Theme： It is an adaptation from the Chinese Li Po （701-762） named Rihaku in Japanese， which， by means of vivid images and shifting tones， describes the silky shy tenderness of the young wife writing to her absent husband the river-merchant. The history of her feelings for her husband develops as the following： her bashfulness when she was a young girl， her spiritual affinity with him during the phase of their marriage， the material nature of her love at the time of his departure as well as her longing for his return when she grows old. （2） use of images and allusion： In this poem Pound uses images such as "hair" "grown moss" "falling leaves" to suggest the passing years and growing age. Besides， Pound employs an allusion to "a story of a woman waiting for her husband on a hill." In Pound's version， the line emphasizes the otherworldly nature of her love during her marriage. 3. A Pact This poem is about Pound's evaluation on Whitman. Pound started to find some agreement between "Whitmanesque" free verse， which he had attacked for its carelessness in composition， and the "verse libre" of the Imagists who showed more concern for formal values. In the poem Pound affirmed Whitman's contribution in the experiment on the form and content of American poetry and expressed his eagerness to communicate with Whitman…… Ⅱ。 Robert Lee Frost （l874-l963）一。一般识记 His life and writing： Frost is an important poet in the 20th century .He won the Pulitzer Prize four times and read poetry at the inauguration of President John F. Kennedy in 1961. He spent his early childhood in the Far West and later the family moved to New Hampshire. He went to Harvard but left in the middle because of his tuberculosis. When he was 28， he began to venture on writing. 二。识记 His major works： His first book A Boy's Will （1913）， whose lyrics trace a boy's development from self-centered idealism to maturity， is marked by an intense but restrained emotion and the characteristic flavor of New Eng1and life. His second book， a volume of poems North of Boston （1914）， is described by the author as "a book of people，" which shows a brilliant insight into New England character and the background that formed it. Many of his major poems are collected in this volume， such as "Mending the Wall，" in which Frost saw man as learning from nature the zones of his own 1imitations， and "Home Buria1，" which probes the darker corners of individual lives in a situation where man cannot accept the facts of his condition. Mountain Interval （19l6） contains such characteristic poems as "The Road Not Taken，" "Birches". New Hampshire （1923） that won Frost the first of four Pulitzer Prizes includes "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening"， which stems from the ambiguity of the speaker's choice between safety and the unknown. The collection West-Running Brook （1928） poses disturbing uncertainties about man's prowess and importance. Collected Poems （l930） and A Further Range （1935） gathered Frost's second and third Pulitzer Prizes. Both translate modern upheaval into poetic materia1 the poet could skillfully control. Frost's fourth Pulitzer Prize was awarded for A Witness Tree （l942） which includes "The Gift Outright，" the poem he later recited at President Kennedy's inauguration. Frost took up a religious question most notably in "After Apple-Picking：" can a man's best efforts ever satisfy God？ A Masque of Reason （l945） and A Masque of Mercy （1947） are comic-serious dramatic narratives， in both of which biblical characters in modern settings discuss ethics and man's re1ations to God. 三。领会 1. His thematic concerns：（1） Generally Frost is considered a regional poet whose subject matters mainly focus on the landscape and people in New England. These thematic concerns include the terror and tragedy in nature， as well as its beauty， and the 1oneliness and poverty of the isolated human being. But first and foremost Frost is concerned with his love of life and his belief in a serenity that only came from working usefully， which he practiced himself throughout his life. （2） Frost wrote many poems that investigate the basic themes of man's life： the individual's relationships to himself， to his fellow-man， to world， and to his God. Profound meanings are hidden underneath the plain language and simple form. His poetry， by using nature as a storehouse of analogy and symbol， often probes mysteries of darkness and irrationality in the bleak and chaotic landscapes of an indifferent universe when men stand alone， unaided and perplexed. 2. His nature poems： Robert Frost is mainly known for his poems concerning New England life. He learned from the tradition， especially the familiar conventions of nature poetry and of classical pastoral poetry， and made the colloquial New England speech into a poetic expression. A poem so conceived thus becomes a symbo1 or metaphor， a careful， loving exploration of reality， in Frost's version， "a momentary stay against confusion." Many of his poems are fragrant with natural quality. Images and metaphors in his poems are drawn from the rural world， the simple country 1ife and the pastoral 1andscape. However， profound ideas are delivered under the disguise of the p1ain language and the simple form， for what Frost did is to take symbols from the limited human world and the pastoral landscape to refer to the great world beyond the rustic scene. These thematic concerns include the terror and tragedy in nature， as well as its beauty， and the 1oneliness and poverty of the isolated human being. But first and foremost Frost is concerned with his love of life and his belief in a serenity that only came from working usefully， which he practiced himself throughout his life. 3. Frost's style in language： By using simple spoken language and conversational rhythms， Frost achieved an effortless grace in his style. He combined traditiona1 verse forms —— the sonnet， rhyming coup1ets， blank verse with a clear American local speech rhythm， the speech of New England farmers with its idiosyncratic diction and syntax. In verse form he was assorted； he wrote in both the metrical forms and the free verse， and sometimes he wrote in a form that borrows freely from the merits of both， in a form that might be called semi-free or semi-conventional. 四。应用 Selected Readings： l. After Apple-Picking This poem is so vivid a memory of experience on the farm in which the end of labor leaves the speaker with a sense of completion and fulfilment yet finds him blocked from success by winter's approach and physical weariness. On the one hand， Frost expressed his love of life and his belief in a serenity that only came from working usefully. On the other hand， the poet was concerned with individual's relationships to himself， to his fellow-man， to world， and to his God. He took up a religious question： can a man's best efforts ever satisfy God？ Besides this is a typical lyric poem describing the pastoral landscape in New England. Symbols and images from the pastoral landscape to refer to the great world beyond the rustic scene. The language of this poem is characterized by simple spoken language and conversational rhythms， the combination of traditiona1 verse forms —— the sonnet， rhyming coup1ets， blank verse with the speech of New England farmers with its idiosyncratic diction and syntax. Frost wrote in both the metrical forms and the free verse， in a form that might be called semi-free or semi-conventional. 2. The Road Not Taken （1） The theme： This poem seems to be about the poet， walking in the woods in autumn， hesitating for a long time and wondering which road he should take since they are both pretty. In reality， this is a meditative poem symbolically written. It concerns the important decisions which one must take in the course of life， when one must give up one desirable thing in order to possess another. Then， whatever the outcome， one must accept the consequences of one's choice for it is not possible to go back and have another chance to choose differently. In the poem， he followed the one which was not frequently travelled by. Symbolically， he chose to follow an unusual， solitary life； perhaps he was speaking of his choice to become a poet rather than some common profession. But he always remembered the road which he might have taken， and which would have given him a different kind of life. （2） Language： This poem is written in classic five-line stanzas， with the rhyme scheme a-b-a-a-b and conversational rhythm. The poet uses "the road " to symbolize life's journey. 3. Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening （1） The theme： This is a deceptively simple poem in which the speaker literally stops his horse in the winter twilight to observe the beauty of the forest scene， and then is moved to continue his journey. Philosophically and symbolically， it stems from the ambiguity of the speaker's choice between safety and the unknown. （2） This poem suggests deep thought about death and about life. The strange attraction of death to man is symbolized by the dark woods silently filled up with the coldness of snow. Frost frequently uses the technique of symbolism in his poetry. Some critics think that the "village" stands for the human world， "woods" for nature， "horse" for the animal world， and "promises" for obligations. The poem represents a moment of relaxation from the burdensome journey of life， an almost aesthetic enjoyment and appreciation of natural beauty which is wholesome and restorative against the chaotic existence of modern man. （3） The last stanza shows a kind of sad， sentimental but also strong and responsible feeling. The attraction of the beauty of the nature makes the speaker stop in the journey. He finally turns away from it， with a certain weariness and yet with quiet determination， to face the needs of life. This stresses the central conflict of the poem between man's enjoyment of nature's beauty and his responsibility in society. This shows a man's despairing courage to seek out the meaning of life. In the last stanza， the three adjectives "lovely" "dark" "deep" reinforce one another. Not only do they represent beauty and terror of nature symbolized by the dark woods， but they also reveal the speaker's love for nature and human isolation from it. Besides， the word "sleep" here means "die" symbolically.

自考英美文学真题及答案解析

Chapter 5The Modern Period Ⅰ。学习目的和要求通过本章的学习，了解20世纪批判现实主义文学和现代主义文学产生的历史、文化背景。认识该时期文学创作的基本特征、基本主张，及其对现当代英国文学乃至文化的影响；了解该时期重要作家的文学创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、思想意义等；同时结合注释，读懂所选作品，了解其思想内容和写作特色，培养理解和欣赏文学作品的能力。 Ⅱ。本章重点及难点 1. 英国现代文学的特征 2. 主要作家的创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画和语言风格 3. 名词解释：现代主义 4. 应用：选读作品的主题结构、艺术特色、人物刻画和语言风格，如（1）叶芝和艾略特诗歌（所选作品）的主题、意象分析（2）小说《儿子与情人》的主题和主要人物的性格分析（3）意识流小说的主要特色分析（4）萧伯纳戏剧的特点与社会意义分析 Ⅲ。考核知识点和考核要求（一）现代时期概述 1.识记： A. 20世纪英国社会的政治、经济、文化背景 B.英国20世纪批判现实主义文学 C.现代主义文学的兴起与衰落 2.领会： A. 现代主义文学创作的基本主张 B.英国现代主义文学思潮（1）诗歌（2）小说（3）戏剧 3.应用： A.名词解释：现代主义 B.英国现代主义文学的特点 C.现代主义文学对当代文学的影响（二）现代时期的主要作家 A.萧伯纳 1.一般：萧伯纳的生平与文学生涯。 2.识记： A.萧伯纳的政治改革思想和文学创作主张 B.萧伯纳的戏剧创作（1）早期主要作品：《鳏夫的房产》、《华伦夫人的职业》、《康蒂坦》、《凯撒和克莉奥佩特拉》（2）中期作品：《人与超人》、《巴巴拉少校》、《皮格马利翁》（3）晚期作品：《伤心之家》、《回到麦修色拉》、《圣女贞德》、《苹果车》 3.领会： A.萧伯纳戏剧的特点与社会意义 B.萧伯纳的戏剧对20世纪英国文学的影响 4.应用： A.《华伦夫人的职业》的故事梗概、情节结构、人物塑造、语言风格、思想意义 B.选读：所选作品的主要内容、人物塑造、语言特点、艺术手法等 B.约翰。高尔斯华绥 1.一般识记：高尔斯华绥的生平与文学生涯 2.识记：高尔斯华绥的文学创作（1）戏剧：《银盒》、《正义》、《斗争》（2）小说：《福赛特世家》（《有产业的人》、《骑虎》、《出租》）、《现代喜剧》 3.领会： A.高尔斯华绥的创作思想 B.高尔斯华绥批判现实主义小说的主要特点及社会意义 4.应用：选读：所选作品的主要内容、人物性格。语言特点、叙述手法等 C、威廉。勃特勒。叶芝 1.一般：叶芝的生平及文学生涯 2.识记：叶芝诗歌的代表作品（1）早期诗歌：《茵尼斯弗利岛》、《梦见仙境的人》、《玫瑰》（2）中期诗歌：《新的纪元》、《1916年的复活节》（3）晚期诗歌：《驶向拜占廷》、《丽达及天鹅》、《在学童们中间》 3.领会： A.叶芝的诗歌创作思想 B.叶芝诗歌的特点及思想意义 C.叶芝诗歌的艺术成就 D.叶芝的诗歌对当代英国文学的影响 E.叶芝的戏剧创作 4.应用：选读：、所选作品的主题思想、语言风格、艺术特色等 D、T.S.艾略特 1.一般识记：艾略特的生平及创作生涯 2.识记：艾略特的主要诗歌作品（1）《普鲁弗洛克的情歌》（2）《荒原》（3）《灰星期三》（4）《四个四重奏》 3.领会： A.艾略特的文学理论与文艺批评观 B.艾略特诗歌的艺术特色及社会意义 C.艾略特的戏剧 D. 文略特的艺术成就 E.艾略特的文学创作及文艺批评思想对现当代英国文学的影响 4.应用： A.《荒原》主题、结构、神话、象征、语言特色及社会意义 B.选读：所选作品的主题结构、思想内容、语言特点、艺术手法等 E.戴维。赫伯特。劳伦斯 1.一般识记：劳伦斯的生平及文学生涯 2.识记：劳伦斯的主要小说（1）《儿子与情人》（2）《虹》（3）《恋爱中的女人》 3.领会： A. 劳伦斯的创作思想 B. 劳伦斯小说的主要艺术特色及社会意义 . C. 劳伦斯的小说对现当代英国文学的影响 4.应用： A.《儿子与情人》的故事梗概、情节结构、人物塑造、语言风格、思想意义 B.选读：所选作品的主要内容、人物性格、语言特点、艺术手法等 F.詹姆斯。乔伊斯 1.一般识记：乔伊斯的生平与创作生涯 2.识记：乔伊斯的主要作品简介（1）《都柏林人》（2）《青年艺术家的肖像》（3）《尤利西斯》 3.领会： A. 乔伊斯的文学创作主张与美学思想 B. 乔伊斯小说的主要艺术特色及思想意义 C.乔伊斯的艺术成就 D.乔伊斯的作品对现当代世界文学的影响 4.应用： A. 意识流小说的主要特色分析 B. 选读：所选作品的主题思想、人物塑造、语言特色、艺术手法等 Chapter 5 The Modern Period 一。识记： 1. The social， ideological background of the modern English literature：（1） The influences of the two World Wars on English literature： Modernism rose out of skepticism and disillusion of capitalism. The First World War and the Second World War had greatly influenced the English literature. The catastrophic First World War tremendously weakened the British Empire and brought about great sufferings to its people as well. Its appalling shock severely destroyed people's faith in the Victorian values； The postwar economic dislocation and spiritual disillusion produced a profound impact upon the British people， who came to see the prevalent wretchedness in capitalism. The Second World War marked the last stage of the disintegration of the British Empire. Britain suffered heavy losses in the war： thousands of people were killed； the economy was ruined； and almost all its former colonies were lost. People were in economic， cultural， and belief crisises. （2） Ideologically， the rise of the irrational philosophy and new science greatly incited modern writers to make new explorations on human natures and human relationships. （a） In the mid-19th century， Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels put forward the theory of scientific socialism， which not only provided a guiding principle for the working people， but also inspired them to make dauntless fights for their own emancipation. （b） Darwin's theory of evolution exerted a strong influence upon the people， causing many to lose their religious faith. The social Darwinism， under the cover of "survival of the fittest，" vehemently advocated colonialism or jingoism. （c） Einstein's theory of relativity provided entirely new ideas for the concepts of time and space. （d） Freud's analytical psychology drastically altered our conception of human nature. （e） Arthur Schopenhauer， a pessimistic philosopher started a rebellion against rationalism， stressing the importance of will and intuition. （f） Having inherited the basic principles from Schopenhauer， Friedrich Nietzsche went further against rationalism by advocating the doctrines of power and superman and by completely rejecting the Christian morality. （g） Based on the major ideas of his predecessors， Henry Bergson established his irrational philosophy which put the emphasis on creation， intuition， irrationality and unconsciousness. All these irrationalist philosophers exerted immense influence upon the major modernist writers in Britain. So， after the First World War， all kinds of literary trends of modernism appeared： symbolism， expressionism， surrealism， cubism， futurism， Dadaism， imagism and stream of consciousness. Towards the 1920s， these trends converged into a mighty torrent of modernist movement， which swept across the whole Europe and America. After the Second World War， a variety of modernism， or post-modernism， like existentialist literature， theater of the absurd， new novels and black humor， rose with the spur of the existentialist idea that "the world was absurd， and the human life was an agony." 2. The development of English poetry in the 20th century： The 20th century has witnessed a great achievement in English poetry. In the early years of this century， Thomas Hardy and the war poets of the younger generation were important realistic poets. Hardy expressed his strong sympathies for the suffering poor and his bitter disgusts at the social evils in his poetry as in his novels. The soldiers-poets of World War I revealed the appalling brutality of the war in a most realistic way. The early poems of Pound and Eliot and Yeats's matured poetry marked the rise of "modern poetry，" which was， in some sense， a revolution against the conventional ideas and forms of the Victorian poetry. The modernist poets fought against the romantic fuzziness and self-indulged emotionalism， advocating new ideas in poetry- writing such as to use the language of common speech， to create new rhythms as the expression of a new mood， to allow absolute freedom in choosing subjects， and to use hard， clear and precise images in poems. The 1930s witnessed great economic depressions， mass unemployment， and the rise of the Nazis. Facing such a severe situation， most of the young intellects started to turn to the left. And therefore the period was known as "the red thirties." A group of young poets during this period expressed in their poetry a radical political enthusiasm and a strong protest against fascism. With the coming of the 1950s， there was a return of realistic poetry again. By advocating reason， moral discipline， and traditional forms， a new generation of poets started "The Movement，" which explicitly rejected the modernist influence. There was no significant poetic movement in the 1960s. A multiplicity of choices opened to both the poet and the reader. Poets gradually moved into more individual styles. 3. Realism in the 20th century English literature： The realistic novels in the early 20th century were the continuation of the Victorian tradition， yet its exposing and criticizing power against capitalist evils had been somewhat weakened both in width and depth. The outstanding realistic novelists of this period were John Galsworthy， H. G. Wells， and Arnold Eennett. The three trilogies of Galsworthy's Forsyte novels are masterpieces of critical realism in the early 20th century， which revealed the corrupted capitalist world. In his novels of social satire， H. G. Wells made realistic studies of the aspirations and frustrations of the "Little Man；" whereas Bennett presented a vivid picture of the English life in the industrial Midlands in his best novels. Realism was， to a certain extent， eclipsed by the rapid rise of modernism in the 1920s. But with the strong swing of leftism in the 1930s， novelists began to turn their attention to the urgent social problems. They also enriched the traditional ways of creation by adopting some of the modernist techniques. However， the realistic novels of this period were more or less touched by a pessimistic mood， preoccupied with the theme of man's loneliness， and shaped in different forms： social satires by Aldous Huxley and George Orwell comic satires on the English upper class by Evelyn Waugh； and Catholic novels by Graham Greene. Another important group of young novelists and playwrights with lower-middle-class or working-class background in the mid-1950s and early 1960s known as "The Angry Young Man." They demonstrated a particular disillusion over the depressing situation in Britain and launched a bitter protest against the outmoded social and political values in their society. Kingsley Amis， John Wain， John Braine and Alan Sillitoe were the major novelists in this group. They portrayed unadorned working-class life in their novels with great freshness and vigor of the working-class language. Amis was the first to start the attack on middle-class privileges and power in his novel Lucky Jim （1954）。 The term "The Angry Young Man" came to be widely Having been merged and interpenetrated with modernism in the past several decades， the realistic novel of the 1960s and 1970s appeared in a new face with a richer， more vigorous and more diversified style. 二。领会： 1.Modern English poetry： It is， in some sense， a revolution against the conventional ideas and forms of the Victorian poetry. The modernist poets fought against the romantic fuzziness and self-indulged emotionalism， advocating new ideas in poetry- writing such as to use the language of common speech， to create new rhythms as the expression of a new mood， to allow absolute freedom in choosing subjects， and to use hard， clear and precise images in poems. 2. Modern English novels： The first three decades of 20th century were golden years of the modernist novel. In stimulating the technical innovations of novel creation， the theory of the Freudian and Jungian psycho-analysis played a particularly important role. With the notion that multiple levels of consciousness existed simultaneously in the human mind， that one's present was the sum of his past， present and future， and that the whole truth about human beings existed in the unique， isolated， and private world of each individual， writers like Dorothy Richardson， James Joyce and Virginia Woolf concentrated all their efforts on digging into the human consciousness. They had created unprecedented stream-of-consciousness novels such as Pilgrimage by Richardson， Ulysses （1922） by Joyce， and Mrs. Dalloway （1925） by Woolf. One of the remarkable features of their writings was their continuous experimentation on new and sophisticated techniques in novel writing， which made tremendous impacts on the creation of both realistic and modernist novels in this century. James Joyce is the most outstanding stream-of-consciousness novelist； in Ulysses， his encyclopedia-like masterpiece， Joyce presents a fantastic picture of the disjointed， illogical， illusory， and mental- emotional life of Leopold Bloom， who becomes the symbol of everyman in the post-World-War-ⅠEurope. In the works of E. M. Forster and D. H. Lawrence， old traditions are still there， but their subject matter about human relationships and their symbolic or psychological presentations of the novel are entirely modern. Forster's masterpiece， A Passage to India （1924）， is a novel of decidedly symbolist aspirations， in which the author set up， within a realistic story， a fable of moral significance that implies a highly mystical， symbolic view of life， death， human relationship， and the relationship of man with the infinite universe. D. H. Lawrence is regarded as revolutionary as Joyce in novel writing； but unlike Joyce， he was not concerned with technical innovations； his interest lay in the tracing of the psychological development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature. He believed that life impulse was the primacy of man's instinct， and that any conscious repression of such an impulse would cause distortion or perversion of the individual's personality. In his best novels like The Rainbow （1915） and Women in Love （1920）， Lawrence made a bold psychological exploration of various human relationships， especially those between men and women， with a great frankness Lawrence claimed that the alienation of the human relationships and the perversion of human nature in the modern society were caused by the desires for power and money， by the shams and frauds of middle-class life， and， above all， by the whole capitalist mechanical civilization， which turned men into inhuman machines. After the Second World War， modernism had another upsurge with the rise of existentialism which was reflected mainly in drama. 3. The development of 20th century English drama： The most celebrated dramatists in the last decade of the 19th century were Oscar Wilde and George Bernard Shaw， who， in a sense， pioneered the modern drama， though they did not make so many innovations in techniques and forms as modernist poets or novelists. Wilde expressed a satirical and bitter attitude towards the upper-class people by revealing their corruption， their snobbery， and their hypocrisy in his plays， especially in his masterpiece， The Importance-of Being Earnest （1895）。 Shaw is is considered to be the best-known English dramatist since Shakespeare whose works are examples of the plays inspired by social criticism. John Galsworthy carried on this tradition of social criticism in his plays. By dramatizing social and ethical problems， Galsworthy made considerable achievements in his plays such as The Silver Box （1906） and Strife （1910）， in which Galsworthy presents not only realistic pictures of social injustice， but also the workers' heroic struggles against their employers. W. B. Yeats， a prominent poet of the 20th century， was the leader of the Irish National Theater Movement. He was a verse playwright who desired to restore lyrical drama to popularity. With the heroic portrayal of spiritual truth as his main concern， Yeats wrote a number of verse plays， introducing Irish myths and folk legends； but the plot in his plays was seldom very dramatic. The 1930s witnessed a revival of poetic drama in England. One of the early experimenters was T. S. Eliot who regarded drama as the best medium of poetry. Eliot wrote several verse plays and made a considerable success. Murder in the Cathedral （1935）， with its purely dramatic power， remains the most popular of his verse plays， in spite of its primarily religious purpose. After Eliot， Christopher Fry gained considerable successes in poetic drama. His exuberant though poetically commonplace verse drama. The Lady's Not For Burning （1948）， attracted delighted audience. The English dramatic revolution， which came in the 1950s under various European and American influences， developed in two directions： the working-class drama and the Theater of Absurd. The working-class drama was started by a group of young writers from the lower-middle class， or working class， who presented a new type of plays which expressed a mood of restlessness， anger and frustration， a spirit of rebelliousness， and a strong emotional protest against the existing social institutions. John Osborne's play， Look Back in Anger （1956）， in a fresh， unadorned working-class language， angrily， violently and unrelentingly condemned the contemporary social evils. With an entirely new sense of reality， Osborne brought vitality to the English theater and became known as the first "Angry Young Man." The most original playwright of the Theater of Absurd is Samuel Beckett， who wrote about human beings living a meaningless life in an alien， decaying world. His first play Waiting for Godot （1955） is regarded as the most famous and influential play of the Theater of Absurd.

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英美文学自考真题答案及解析

全部题目用英文作答，请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上 PART ONE (40 POINTS)I. Multiple Choice(40 points in all, 1 for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark your choice and write the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the answer sheet.1. All of Charles Dickens’ works, with the exception of _________, present a criticism of the more complicated and yet most fundamental social institutions and morals of the Victorian England.A. Bleak House B. Hard TimesC. Great ExpectationsD. A Tale of Two Cities2. From ____________ on, the tragic sense becomes the keynote of Thomas Hardy’s novels, the conflict between the traditional and the moden is brought to the center of the stage.A. The Return of the NativeB. The Mayor of CasterbridgeC. Tess of the D’UrbervillesD. Jude the Obscure3. George Bernard Shaw’s play ____________ shows his almost nihilistic bitterness on the subjects of the cruelty and madness of World War I and the aimlessness and disillusion of the young.A. Getting Married B. Too True to Be GoodC. Widowers’ HousesD. The Apple Cart4. It was only after the publication of ____________ that D.H. Lawrence was recognized as aprominent novelist.A. The Trespasser B. The White PeacockC. Sons and Lovers D. The Rainbow5. T. S. Eliot’s poem ____________ is heavily indebted to James Joyce in terms of the stream- of -consciousness technique, also a prelude to The Waste Land.A. “Prufrock” B. “Gerontion”C. The Hollow Men D. Lyrical Ballads6. Charlotte Brontё’s ____________ is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing society, e. g. the religious hypocrisy of charity institutions.A. The Professor B. Wuthering HeightsC. Villette D. Jane Eyre7. Shelley’s greatest achievement is his four - act poetic drama ____________ , which is an ex- ultant work in praise of humankind’s potential.A. Adonais B. Queen MabC. Prometheus Unbound D. Kubla Khan8. Among the Romantic poets ____________ is regarded as a “worshipper of nature”.A. William Blake B. William WordsworthC. George Gordon Byron D. John Keats9. The most perfect example of the verse drama after Greek style in English is John Milton’s ____________.A. Paradise Lost B. Paradise RegainedC. Samson AgonistesD. Areopagitica10. The major theme of Jane Austen’s novels is____________.A. love and money B. money and social statusC. social status and marriage D. love and marriage11. T. S. Eliot’s most important single poem ____________ has been hailed as a landmark and a model of the 20th-century English poetry.A. The Hollow Men B. The Waste LandC. Murder in the CathedralD. Ash Wednesday12. According to the subjects, William Wordsworth’s short poems can be classified into two groups, poems about____________.A. nature and human life B. happiness and childhoodC. symbolism and imagination D. nature and commonlife13. Among the following writers ____________ is considered to be the best -known English dramatist since Shakespeare.A. Oscar Wilde B. John GalsworthyC. W. B. Yeats D. George Bernard Shaw14. William Blake’s ____________ composed during the climax of the French Revolution playsthe double role both as a satire and a revolutionary prophecy.A. The Book of Urizen B. The Book of LosC. Poetical Sketches D. Marriage of Heaven and Hell15. Charles Dickens’ works are characterized by a mingling of ____________ and pathos.A. metaphor B. passionC. satire D. humor16. Daniel Defoe describes ____________ as a typical English middle -class man of the eigh- teenth century, the very prototype of the empire builder, the pioneer colonist.A. Robinson Crusoe B. Moll FlandersC. Gulliver D. Tom Jones17. In Thomas Hardy’s Wessex novels, there is an apparent ____________ touch in his de- scription of the simple and beautiful though primitive rural life.A. nostalgic B. tragicC. romantic D. ironic18. Of all the eighteenth - century novelists ____________ was the first to set out, both in the-ory and practice, to write specially a “comic epic in prose”, the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.

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解析

My Brother

My brother is off at college, and at 14, I miss him terribly. My brother is a rare kind of guy. He’s *** art and kind. And my friends say he’s lovely. But it’s how he handles things and how he treats his friends and his family that make me feel more proud.

He applied to 14 colleges. He was accepted by all but one, the one he wanted, Brown University. So he took his second choice, and off he went to a first year. When he came home for summer vacation, he said he’d move to Rhode Island near Brown, find a job, and do whatever he could to bee known in the area. He’d work his heart out and do his best at everything. Someone，he was sure，would notice. This was a big deal for my parents as it meant agreeing to a year without college. But they trusted him and encouraged him to do whatever he thought it would take to realize his dream.

It wasn’t long before he was hired as an *** （业余的）play director at Brown. Now was his chance to shine, and shine he did. He put every bit of himself into the job. He met teachers and school officials, talked to everyone about his dream and never hesitated to tell them what he was after.

And, sure enough, at the end of the year, when he reapplied to Brown, he was accepted.

We were all happy, but for me the happiness went very deep. I had learned an important lesson-a lesson no one could have taught me with words. If I work hard for what I want, and if I keep trying after I’ve been turned down, my dreams can also e true. This is a gift I still hold in my heart.

10个问题：

1. My brother had many good qualities.

2. Only one university accepted my brother.

3. My brother’s first year at college was terrible.

4. My brother would like to find a job in Rhode Island.

5. My parents disagreed with my brother’s plan.

6. My brother took every opportunity to promote himself.

7. My brother never told anyone what he was after.

8. My brother applied to Brown University three times.

9. My brother set a good example for me.

10. I wanted to go to college, too.

选项：

A. True

B. False

C. Not Given

1 . A

2 . B

3 . C

4 . A

5 . B

6 . A

7 . B

8 . B

9 . A

10 . C

1 . 由“He’s *** art and kind. And my friends say he’s lovely.”可以得出答案。

4 . 由“he said he’d move to Rhode Island near Brown, find a job”可以得出答案。

10 . 文中没有提到“我也想上大学”。

自考美学历年真题及答案解析

2020年自考备考已经开始，自考历年真题对考生来说是十分宝贵的资料，考前每道真题至少要做1-2遍才会事半功倍。网给大家整理了 2019年10月自考《美学》真题及答案解析，一起来试试吧！

解析

A.细雨鱼儿出，微风燕子斜

B.寒波海澹起，白鸟悠悠下

C.行到水穷处，坐看云起时

D.落日照大旗，马鸣风萧萧

【答案解析】

崇高艺术在内容上都反映了自然和社会中雄伟壮阔的事物，王国维在《人间词话》中指出：“明月照积雪”“大江流日夜”“中天悬明月”“长河落日圆”“此种境界，可为千古壮观”。这里他从外在形式上分析了崇高的内涵，也就是表现为语言的奔放、色影的强烈、画面的雄阔、线条的粗犷等特点。故而选D。参见教材P119。

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【 #自考# 导语】寒窗苦读十余载，今朝考试展锋芒;思维冷静不慌乱，下笔如神才华展;心平气和信心足，过关斩将如流水;细心用心加耐心，努力备考，定会考入理想院校。以下是为大家整理的《2018年自学考试《美学》精选试题及答案【四篇】》供您查阅。篇一 1.21.鲍姆加登将美学规定为研究——的学科。(A)A.低级的感性认识 B.人的意志 C.理性 D.意念 1.22.中国当代美学的哲学基础是(D) A.理念论 B.先验主体论 C.绝对精神论 D.马克思主义唯物史观 1.23.马克思认为社会生活在本质上是(B) A.意念 B.实践 C.精神 D.物质 1.24.从绝对理念出发，认为审美具有“令人解放的性质”的是(B) A.柏拉图 B.黑格尔 C.康德 D.席勒 1.25.通向审美的根本途径是(A) A.自由 B.实践 C.劳动 D.阅读 1.26.被马克思称为“自由人的联合体”的是(C) A.资本主义社会 B.社会主义社会 C.共产主义社会 D.封建社会 1.27.在现代社会，人被异化，成为了马尔库塞说的(B) A.多向度的人 B.单面人 C.双重性格的人 D.多重性格的人 1.28.人生境界的提高，关键是(B) A.学习 B.觉解 C.实践 D.艺术 1.29.人生境界的特点是它的(C) A.自发性 B.内在性 C.个体内在性和生成性 D.动态性 1.30.冯友兰先生认为，人生境界是分层次的，其中的是(A) A.天地境界 B.道德境界 C.功利境界 D.自然境界 1.31.宗白华认为在人生境界中主于美的是(C) A.功利境界 B.学术境界 C.艺术境界 D.*境界 1.32.伽达默尔认为，如果某个东西不仅被经历过，而且它的经历存在还获得一种自身具有继续存在意义的特征，那么这东西就属于(B) A.知识 B.体验 C.美 D.存在 1.33.审美关系是人和世界之间的——关系。(A) A.自由 B.限制 C.必然 D.可能 1.34.审美关系和审美活动的关系是(B) A.毫无瓜葛 B.一个硬币的两面，不可分割 C.同一个概念 D.包含关系 1.35.审美活动相对于审美主体和审美客体，在逻辑上是(C) A.同时的 B.在后的 C.在前的 D.无所谓先后 1.36.下列审美形态属于中国的是(D) A.崇高 B.荒诞 C.喜剧 D.气韵 1.37.审美经验是一种(A) A.感性体验 B.感官体验 C.认识 D.感官快感 1.38.艺术活动的全过程不包括(D) A.艺术创造 B.艺术作品 C.艺术接受 D.艺术欣赏 1.39.通过有意识的审美活动，增强人的审美能力。这是(B) A.广义的美育 B.狭义的美育 C.美育 D.以上都不是 1.40.不论广义的美育，还是狭义的美育，都是通过——才能实现。(D) A.人生境界 B.实践 C.生存实践 D.审美活动 1.41.美学中贯穿始终的理论基石是(A) A.审美活动 B.审美理想 C.审美意象 D.审美心理篇二 2.1.人的自由自觉的生命活动不同于动物本能的生命活动的一种本质特征是(A)A.审美需要 B.抽象思维 C.审美理想 D.认识能力 2.2.在主体的审美心理结构中必然处于位置的是(D) A.审美需要 B.审美经验 C.审美趣味 D.审美理想 2.3.先天因素能否发挥作用以及发挥的程度，在何种程度上影响到主体的审美个性和审美情趣，根本上是由——决定的。(B) A.主体的个体特征 B.后天的社会因素 C.审美对象的客观特征 D.人的生理素质 2.4.“趣味无可争辩”观点的错误在于把(A) A.审美趣味相对化 B.审美趣味绝对化 C.审美趣味个性化 D.审美趣味主观化 2.5.审美活动是人与世界构成的(D) A.信仰关系 B.认识关系 C.审美关系 D.本己性精神交流 2.6.以下不属于审美活动的基本性质的是(D) A.自律性 B.个性化 C.开放性 D.形式符号性 2.7.马克思说过：“作家绝不把自己的作品看作手段，作品就是目的本身”，这说明审美活动具有——的特性。(A) A.自律性 B.超越性 C.自我性 D.开放性 2.8.美感产生于(A) A.劳动实践把主体力量对象化的过程 B.动物向人的自然进化过程 C.人的本能的升华过程 D.人的自我表现的过程 2.9.以下不属于主体在审美活动中的精神存在特征的是(B) A.惊异 B.领悟 C.体验 D.澄明 2.10.澄明之境的进入，需要审美主体的——才能自动展现出来。(B) A.审美距离 B.静观体验 C.陌生化 D.热情投入 2.11.所谓“胸有成竹”，说明审美对象具有——的特征。(D) A.虚无性 B.具体性 C.不可捉摸性 D.非实体性 2.12.提出“状难写之景，含不尽之意”的是(C) A.欧阳修 B.苏轼 C.梅尧臣 D.柳宗元 2.13.康德在《判断力批判》一书中，提到过的概念是(C) A.自由创造 B.交感巫术 C.自由游戏 D.劳动先于艺术 2.14.认为美是本能冲动的升华的美学家是(B) A.加达默尔 B.弗洛伊德 C.柏格森 D.贝尔 2.15.对原始巫术活动作了极为详尽而细致的研究的学者是(B) A.泰勒 B.弗雷泽 C.卡o毕歇尔 D.普列汉诺夫 2.16.在解释一部分原始艺术现象，尤其是在解释原始洞穴壁画和岩画上有可信说服力的是(D) A.表现说 B.劳动说 C.本能说 D.巫术说 2.17.普列汉诺夫提出的理论是(B) A.有意味的形式 B.劳动先于艺术 C.自由游戏 D.巫术礼仪活动 2.18.审美发生的基本前提是(C) A.异性的吸引 B.游戏的冲动 C.工具的制造和使用 D.祭祀的崇拜 2.19.人类审美意识得以产生的根本原因是(A) A.人类的生产劳动 B.人类自觉的精神活动 C.人类社会分工 D.人类独具的运用语言的能力 2.20.促进审美发生的最重要的一种中介因素是(D) A.语言艺术 B.家庭生活 C.劳动工具 D.巫术礼仪活动 2.21.人的审美需要开始生成和审美意识开始确立的直接前提是(B) A.人类开始运用语言 B.人的自我意识的觉醒和发展 C.人类具有思维能力 D.人类学会了使用劳动工具 2.22.原始艺术的主要样式之一绘画，多以早期人类的——为主题。(B) A.婚姻恋爱 B.狩猎生活 C.巫术仪式 D.耕种篇三 3.1.对审美体验的理性反思和逻辑总结构成了(A)A.审美形态 B.审美范畴 C.审美活动 D.审美经验 3.2.认为审美形态是美的形态的逻辑出发点是(C) A.认为美是主观的 B.认为美中有人的体验 C.认为美是客观的，完全外在于人 D.认为美在实践中形成 3.3.认为审美形态是审美风格的观点，是将审美看成一种文化大风格，这种观点是(C) A.完全正确的 B.抓住了审美形态的最主要的特征 C.抓住了审美形态的某些重要特征，但不全面 D.完全错误的 3.4.认为审美形态是审美类型的观点(A) A.是从形式上划分审美形态 B.顾及到了审美形态的真实内涵 C.是美的类型说 D.是审美类型说 3.5.认为审美形态是审美范畴的观点(D) A.是美的范畴说 B.是审美范畴说 C.很全面 D.犯了主客二分和现成论的错误 3.6.将审美形态与人生境界等同的观点(B) A.是正确的 B.随着对人生境界研究的重视而出现 C.人生境界具有审美形态的表形特征 D.在古希腊时就如此 3.7.“虚实”不仅在文学意境中使用，还可以在其他艺术，如绘画、音乐甚至现实生活的兵法中使用，这说明了审美形态具有(B) A.统摄性 B.广泛性或普适性 C.历史性 D.现实性 3.8.“意象”不能称为普泛意义上的审美形态，这种说法(B) A.是正确的，意象与审美形态毫无关系 B.是正确的，意象不具有普适性或广泛性 C.是错误的，意象就是普泛意义上的审美形态 D.是错误的，意象具有广泛性 3.9.中国哲学之“道”包含的对立统一的原则，贯穿于阳刚与阴柔，意与境等，说明审美形态具有(A) A.统摄性 B.广泛性或普适性 C.历史性 D.现实性 3.10.中国古代的“神”及其有关的神韵等。在当今社会仍有强大的生命力，这是审美形态的(C) A.统摄性 B.广泛性或普适性 C.历史性 D.现实性 3.11.将丑和荒诞作为审美形态是在(D) A.古希腊 B.文艺复兴 C.中世纪 D.19世纪中叶后 3.12.中国古代的诗学背后往往有哲学思想的制约性，这是审美形态的(B) A.历史性 B.贯通性 C.兼容性 D.二重性 3.13.审美形态是多种多样的审美因素构成的有机体的感性凝聚，这是审美形态的(C) A.历史性 B.贯通性 C.兼容性 D.二重性 3.14.审美形态的二重性主要指(C) A.社会性和个性的统一 B.悲剧性和喜剧性的统一 C.世界性和民族性的统一 D.现实性和理想性的统一 3.15.中国早期的审美形态实质是(A) A.诗性和音乐性的 B.戏剧性和雕塑性的 C.抒情性和叙事性的 D.绘画性和音乐性的 3.16.西方早期审美形态的实质是(B) A.诗性和音乐性的 B.戏剧性和雕塑性的 C.抒情性和叙事性的 D.绘画性和音乐性的 3.17.在《普通语言学教程》中提出语言符号的意义分为能指和所指的是(B) A.席勒 B.索绪尔 C.鲁迅 D.*金 3.18.汉语高度重视词汇，而不像西方重视语法，所以它表现出一种(D) A.哲学性 B.逻辑性 C.清晰性 D.诗性 3.19.和西方的审美文化不同，中国的审美文化具有的特征是(A) A.世俗化 B.形而上性 C.宗教化 D.酒神精神与日神精神 3.20.理念论的*学内容，是道德至上的原则，具体到美学中，就表现为(C) A.真与善合一 B.真与美合一 C.美与善合一 D.以上都不是篇四 3.21.在理性主义受到人们的普遍怀疑时，讲出“上帝死了”的人是(B)A.叔本华 B.尼采 C.罗兰巴特 D.德里达 3.22.审美形态的出现与哲学息息相关，丑和荒诞出现的哲学背景是(C) A.人文主义盛行 B.理性主义兴起 C.非理性主义兴起 D.古典主义盛行 3.23.中国哲学几千年基本上没变，下面的哪句话可以说明?(D) A.变则通 B.物化 C.逝者如斯夫，不舍昼夜 D.天不变道亦不变 3.24.许多审美形态都是最初表现为(C) A.自然形态 B.社会形态 C.艺术形态 D.人生形态 3.25.在审美实践活动中，最基本的两种审美形态是(A) A.优美和崇高 B.悲剧和喜剧 C.丑和荒诞 D.优美和丑 3.26.明确将美分为秀美和威严两类，并说前者可以看作女性美，后者可以看作男性美的是(C) A.柏拉图 B.亚里士多德 C.西塞罗 D.本雅明 3.27.在狭义上，美主要指(C) A.崇高美 B.悲剧美 C.优美 D.喜剧美 3.28.认为美不含功利性，至于审美主体的自由创造的“心意能力”相关的是(A) A.康德 B.歌德 C.雅斯贝斯 D.席勒 3.29.认为美是理念的感性显现的是(C) A.康德 B.席勒 C.黑格尔 D.托尔斯泰 3.30.下列对优美的理论探讨的叙述，不符合实际的是(B) A.古希腊时期，把优美与美划等号 B.毕达哥拉斯学派认为图形中最美的是三角形 C.亚里士多德认为美的形式是秩序、匀称和确定性 D.英国画家荷迦兹认为蛇形线是最美的线条 3.31.康德说优美“直接在自身携带着一种促进生命的感觉”，说明其论述着手的角度是(C) A.对象的物性特性 B.对象的形式特征 C.审美效应 D.生理效应 3.32.真正把崇高作为一个审美范畴来进行研究的是(B) A.朗吉弩斯 B.博克 C.索绪尔 D.歌德 3.33.康德分析崇高，认为其特征是“无形式”的着作是(A) A.《判断力批判》 B.《美学》 C.《论崇高》 D.《谈美书简》 3.34.西方美学，最早涉及崇高内容的是(C) A.朗吉弩斯 B.博克 C.毕达哥拉斯 D.歌德 3.35.朗吉弩斯将崇高和优美作为两种可以对举的美来论述的着作是(C) A.《拉奥孔》 B.《美学》 C.《论崇高》 D.《论崇高与美》 3.36.真正把崇高作为审美形态来看待的是(D) A.博克 B.席勒 C.黑格尔 D.康德 3.37.康德认为，崇高的事物往往是巨大的，巨大表现在(C) A.数学的崇高 B.力学的崇高 C.数学的崇高和力学的崇高 D.艺术的崇高 3.38.利奥塔德美学的基本特点是其将整个美学体系建立在(B) A.悲剧上 B.崇高上 C.荒诞上 D.丑上 3.39.恩格斯认为悲剧性冲突的实质是(D) A.一除悯和恐惧 B.对立理想的冲突 C.永恒正义的和解 D.历史必然性要求与这个要求实际上不可能实现 3.40.悲剧成为一种审美形态的最根本原因是(D) A.表现冲突和毁灭 B.表现巨大的哀伤 C.具有崇高性 D.表现毁灭，也表现抗争

全国2008年4月高等教育自学考试美学试题课程代码：00037一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。1．在西方美学史上，“迷狂说”的创始人是（）A．毕达哥拉斯 B．德谟克利特C．柏拉图 D．亚里士多德2．苏轼的诗句“欲把西湖比西子，淡妆浓抹总相宜”运用的是（）A．接近联想 B．类似联想C．对比联想 D．关系联想3．倡导“心理距离说”的美学家是（）A．康德 B．席勒C．布洛 D．叔本华4．游戏说和集体无意识说界定艺术的角度是（）A．艺术的功能 B．艺术的本质C．艺术的起源 D．艺术的存在5．把艺术品的结构划分为语音层、语义层、图式层、客体层四个层次的美学家是（）A．英伽登 B．布隆博格C．汉斯立克 D．克罗齐6．王国维所划分的意境的两种类型是（）A．物态之境和宇宙之境 B．有物之境和无物之境C．仁达之境和至善之境 D．有我之境和无我之境7．商业广告所表现的艺术功能是（）A．教化功能 B．核心功能C．外围功能 D．启迪功能8．艺术品之所以是艺术品的关键是（）A．艺术形式 B．艺术意象C．艺术的思想内容 D．创作主体9．艺术天才的形成主要由于（）A．超群的理性思维与敏锐的感性能力 B．自然生理机制和超群的思维能力C．先天生理心理结构与后天机遇 D．先天的生理心理结构与后天的实践10．千百年来人们不否认艺术的存在，从根本上讲艺术本体论就是（）A．艺术存在论 B．艺术形式论C．艺术行动论 D．艺术功能论11．西方创立“美学”学科的美学家是（）A．柏拉图 B．狄德罗C．鲍姆加登 D．黑格尔12．康德在《判断力批判》中提出崇高对象的特征是（）A．形式 B．无形式C．质地 D．体积13．亚里士多德对古希腊的悲剧艺术进行系统理论总结的著作是（）A．《诗学》 B．《理想国》C．《诗艺》 D．《论崇高》14．王国维在《人间词话》中指出“明月照积雪”、“大江流日夜”、“长河落日圆”等境界，可谓“千古壮观”。这种审美形态是（）A．崇高 B．悲剧C．伟大 D．荒诞15．在西方早期，狭义的美主要指的是（）A．崇高 B．滑稽C．优美 D．喜剧16．美育作为一门独立学科正式确立标志的著作是（）A．《论审美教育》 B．《谈美书简》C．《美育与人生》 D．《审美教育书简》17．把美育目标的实现称为“消融渣滓”的是（）A．孔子 B．孟子C．朱熹 D．柳宗元18．强调小说具有熏、浸、刺、提“四种美育”功能的是（）A．王夫之 B．叶燮C．梁启超 D．鲁迅19．西方美学史上，提出“寓教于乐”原则的是（）A．柏拉图 B．亚里士多德C．贺拉斯 D．席勒20．美学的哲学基础应是马克思主义的（）A．实践存在论 B．实践论C．存在论 D．辩证法二、多项选择题（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）在每小题列出的五个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选、少选或未选均无分。21．下列美学家中，属于经验主义一派的有（）A．荷加兹 B．哈奇生C．休谟 D．康德E．谢林22．“有意味的形式说”的主要缺陷包括（）A．脱离主体的现实情感 B．脱离人类的具体实践C．脱离社会的历史发展 D．脱离人类文化心理结构的历史演进E．摆脱了形式主义和神秘主义23．以下属于西方画论话语的有（）A．线条的质感与韵律 B．形式的象征性和组合关系C．色彩的情感性和色彩间的组合关系 D．色调与主题的统一E．画得确切与真实24．美学的研究对象应当包括（）A．美 B．审美现象C．审美活动 D．审美关系E．艺术25．喜剧的次级形态有（）A．滑稽 B．讽刺C．幽默 D．荒诞E．可笑三、名词解释题（本大题共4小题，26、27小题每题3分，28、29小题每题4分，共14分）26.审美直观27.审美理想28.崇高29.美育代宗教说四、简答题（本大题共5小题，每小题6分，共30分）30.简述审美关系的特征。31.简述审美经验的动态过程。32.简述意象的物态化和物化。33.悲剧的基本特征。34.美育的基本特点。五、论述题（本大题共2小题，35小题14分，36小题12分，共26分）35.为什么说审美活动是人最具本质性的存在方式？36.举例说明艺术中技巧的审美价值。

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《英美文学选读》期末考试A卷姓名：专业：学号：学习中心：? 成绩： Answer the following questions in a brief, clear way. You can use the textbooks for reference (20 points for each question)The famous saying "to be, or not to be" is said by whom? How to understand this famous saying? What does the image “lamb” stand for in William Blake's poem "The Lamb"? How does Jane Austen reveal the natures of the characters in Pride and Prejudice? Please make some examples. Who is the author of The Cask of Amotillado? In the story, what is the time and where is the place the narrator choose for revenge? Why? Who is the author of The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras Country? What are the writing techniques adopted in the story?福师2022年2月课程考试《英美文学选读》作业考核满分 (出处: 无忧答案网)

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自学考试英语专业本科段的考试科目很全面包括文学选读很多知识对考生的阅读和理解能力都有很大的帮助当然英语还是要说的好用的好英语专业本科你可以直接到所在城市的自考办报名考试你已经是大专毕业学生了就有资格参加自考本科了准备好你的照片和身份证及学历证书到自考办咨询就可以英语专业本科段：高级英语英语翻译口译与听力英语写作英美文学选现代语言学英语词汇学英语语法还有二外和两个政治课：毛概和马政最后是毕业论文做好心里准备英语可不是说着玩那么简单的我最头疼的是语法和写作关于其他的专业课程只要有一本读好了其他的也就容易了参考资料：

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自考英美文学历年真题及答案解析

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