Exercise One I. Name the Writers by the given passages. (10%)( ) 1. What man art thou,quoth he, That lookest as thou wouldst find a hare; For ever on the ground I see thee stare.( ) 2. Here where nothing is private, the common affairs be earnestly looked upon...There where all things be common to every man, It is not to be doubted that any an shall lack anything necessary for his private use, so that the common storehouses bars be sufficiently stored( ) 3. Can honor set to a leg ?no, or an arm? No:...what is honor? A word, what is that word, honor? Air.( ) 4. ...What though the field be lost? All is not lost; the unconquerable will And study of revenge, immortal hate, And courage never to submit or yield...( ) 5. It sucked me first, and now sucks thee, And in this flea, our two bloods mingled be; This flea is you & I,& this Our marriage-bed, marriage temple is.( ) 6. To err is human, to forgive ,divine( ) 7. Imitation here will not to do the business. The picture must be after Nature herself.( ) 8. Mother bore me in the southern wild And I am black, but O ! my soul is white; White as an angel is the English child But I am black, as if bereaved of light( ) 9. Farewell my friend ! farewell my foes ! My peace with these, my love with those: The bursting tears my heart declare----- Farewell the bonnie banks of Ayr!( ) 10. I love all that thou lovest Spirit of Delight ! The fresh earth in new leaves dressed And the stary night Autumn evening, the moon When the golden mists are bornII.True & False statement. (20%)( ) 1. Chancer's contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact he introduced from France the rhymed stanza in Iambic meter to English poetry.( ) 2. Hamlet,the great tragedy of Shakespear, with perfect artistry, studys the big question "to be or no to be."( ) 3. Bacon was the founder of modern science & also famous for his "essays."( ) 4. Milton's Areopagistica is a pamphlet about religious abuse.( ) 5. University wits contribute a lot in prose writing as well as drama writing.( ) 6. Romance is a typical kind of noble literature & has nothing to do with common people.( ) 7. Sperser's "Faerie Queene", Sidney's "Astrophel & Stella "& Shakespeare's"Sonnets" are the most famous sonnet sequences of Elizabethan Age.( ) 8.Blank verse is the most popular literary form in 11th-14th century.( ) 9. Marlowe was the greatest pioneer of English drama & it was Marlowe who first made blank verse the principal instrument of English drama.( ) 10.The eighteenth century is an enlightenment century that most of the writers show great interest on reasoning, rationality & classicism (Neo-classicism)( ) 11.Swift was born in London, England. He was a national literary figure & well-known by his humorous work-----Gulliver's Travels.( ) 12.Defoe is the author of Robinson Crusoe, which is a scientific and fantastic work.( ) 13.Richardison wrote his first novel when he was very young, he is thought as the follower of English psycho-analytical novelist.( ) 14.Shelley is among the world's greatest lyric poets. He is the most wonderful lyric poet England has ever produced.( ) 15.Tom Jones is the masterpiece of Henry Fielding & it offers a panoramic picture of 18th century England with the life of people in London, in the countryside & on the open road.( ) 16.Robert Burns is a peasant poet & is famous for his songs written in the Scottish dialect on a variety of subjects.( ) 17.Lamb,Hunt,Hazlitt & De Quincy are among the most famous prose writers in romantic period.( ) 18.Sentimentalism is the transition period from realism to romanticism.( ) 19.The best known historical novel created by Walter Scott is "Ivanhoe."( ) 20.Charles Dickens is the best known representative of critical realism.III. Put the literary terms into Chinese. (20%) 1. alliteration 2. Romance 3. allegory 4. blank verse 5. euphuism 6. tragic-comedy 7. ballad 8. elegy 9. pastoral 10. picaresque novel 11. heroic couplet 12. lyrics 13. metaphysical poets 14. Spenserian stanza 15. realistic fiction 16. Romanticism 17. canto 18. soliloquy 19. neo-classicism 20. interludeIV. With the character of the book giving out, write down the name of the book. (10%) 1. The Wife of Bath 2. Bassanio ,Antonio 3. Sir John Falstaff 4. Friday 5. Joseph Andrews 6. Clarissa 7. Sophia 8. Don Juan 9. Cythna 10. LilliputiansV. Match the following information. 1. William Shakespeare a. To Daffodils 2. Walt Scott b. Ode to West Wind 3. Percy Bysshe Shelley c. Ivanhoe 4. William Longland d. Pilgrim's Progress 5. Geoffrey Chaucer e. Oliver Twist 6. Charles Dickens f. Piers the Plowman 7. John Milton g. Troilus & Criseyde 8. John Bunyan h. Utopia 9. Thomas More i. Samson Agonistes 10. William Wordsworth j. OthelloVI. Listing. (20%)1. List the most important dramas created by William Shakespeare (At least 8 of them) (8%)2. List the famous women characters appearing in the works in each important literary periods.(5%)3. List five important poets of different literary periods (5%)4. List two best English elegies in English literary history(2%)VII. William Wordsworth's literary theory of poetry.(10%) 参考答案：I．1. Geoffrey Chaucer 2. Thomas More 3. Shakespeare 4. John Milton 5. John Donne 6. Alexander Pope 7.Henry Fielding 8. William Blake 9. Robert Burns 10. Percy Bysshe ShelleyII. 1-5 T T T F T 6-10 T F F T T 11-15 F F F T T 16-20 T T F T T III. 1. 头韵 2. 传奇文学/罗曼司 3. 讽寓 4. 无韵诗/白体诗 5. 夸饰文体 6. 悲剧 7. 遥曲/民谣/民歌 8. 挽歌/诗 9. 田园牧歌作品 10. 流浪汉小说 11. 英雄双行/韵体 12. 抒情诗 13.玄学派诗人 14. 斯宾塞诗节 15. 现实主义小说 16. 浪漫主义 17. 诗章 18. 独白 19.新古典主义 20. 插剧IV. 1. Canterbury Tales 2. The Merchant of Venice 3. Henry IV 4. Robinson Crusoe 5.Joseph Andrews 6. Clarissa Harlowe 7. Tom Jones 8. Don Juan 9. The Revolt of Islam 10. Gulliver's TravelsV. 1-5 JCBFG 6-10 EIDHAVI.1. A Midsummer Night's Dream As You Like It The Merchant of Venice Twelfth Night Hamlet macbeth Othello King Lear 2. Wife of Bath,Portia,Betrice, Pamela, Clarissa, Cythna 3. Chaucer ,Edmund Spenser ,John Milton, Alexander Pope, William Wordsworth 4.Shelley's "Adonais" & Mitton "Lycidas".VII. 1. All good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings 2. The theme is to be situations & incidents chosen from common life 3. The language used is to be a selection of language really used by men 4. Ordinary things are to be presented in an unusual way 5. finding of universal signicance in human societyExercise Two+I. With the following passages, please name the writers.(10%)( ) 1."Farewell,my friends ! Farewell, my foes ! My please with these, my love with those: The bursting tears my heart declare_______ Farewell the bonnie banks of ayr ! "( ) 2. The curfew tolls the knell of parting day. The lowing herd wind slowly o'er the lea; The plowman homeward plods his weary way, And leaves the world to blackness and to me.( ) 3. My mother bore me in the southern wild, And I am black, but o ! my soul is white; White as an angel is the English child, But I am black, as if brereav'd of light.( ) 4. Vain, very vain, my weary search to find That bliss which only centers in the mind. Why have I strayed from pleasure and repose To seek a good each government bestows ?( ) 5. When I had once addressed your lordship in public, I had exhausted all the art of pleasing which a retired and uncouthly scholar can possess...Is not a Patron, my lord, one who looks with unconcern on a man struggling for life in the water, and, when he has reached ground, encumbers him with help ?( ) 6. Break, break, break, On thy cold gray stones, sea ! And I would that my tongue could utter The thoughts that arise in me.( ) 7. The year's at the spring And day's at the morn; Morning's at seven; The will-side's few-pearled; The lard's on the wing; The snail's on the thorn: God's in the heaven ______________ All's right with the world !( ) 8. If thou must love me, let it be for naught Except for love's sake only. Do not say "I love her for her smile...her look...her way Of speaking gently...For a trick of thought( ) 9. I shall not see the shadows, I shall not feel the rain; I shall not hear the nightingale Sing on as if in pain.( ) 10.Cast a cold eye On life, on death. Horseman, pass by !II. Some of the following statements are true, some false. Mark them out.(20%)( ) 1. W.B.Yeats was a poet and dramatist, who was born in Ireland.( ) 2. Thomas Hardy was only a novelist, who didn't write any poem at all.( ) 3. John Galsworthy was one of the most prominent of the 20th century English realistic writers.( ) 4. Mrs Warren's profession is one of the "Plays Unpleasent" by Bernard Shaw.( ) 5. Thomas Stearns Eliot was a poet, dramatist and a critic.( ) 6. Alfred Tennyson was the only English poet ever to have been ennobled purely for poetry.( ) 7. Ben Jonson was a famous poet-dramatist, who advocated reformation in classic drama of old Greek and Roman masters.( ) 8. Shakespeare's long experience with the stage and his intimate knowledge of dramatic art thus acquired doesn't make him a master----hand for play----writing but( ) 9. " O dark, dark, dark, amid the blaze of noon, Irrecoverably dark,total eclipse Without all hope of day !" The above lines are from Byron's Don Juan, not from John Milton's Samson Agonistes.( )10. Robert Burns and Walter Scott were born in Scotland, both of them are the famous national poets.III. Put the following literary terms into Chinese. (25%) 1. Aesthetic 11. iambus 21. cavalier poets 2. Imagism 12. poet 22. enlighten 3. Modernism 13. romanticism 23. sentimentalism 4. tragedy 14. trochee 24. naturalism 5. comedy 15. Critical Realism 25. historical novel 6. monologue 16. Renaissance 7. blank verse 17. humanism 8. sonnet 18. artistic 9. quatrain 19. literary career 10. anapest 20. metaphysical poetsIV. Write down the name of the book with the given characters. (10%) 1. Lady Chatterley 2. Tess and Angel Clare 3. Edith and Carker 4. Beck Sharp and Amelia Sedley 5. Mr.Rochester 6. Heathcliff and Catherine 7. John Barton and his daughter Mary 8. Adam Bede and Hetty Sorrel 9. Clarissa 10.Joseph AndrewsV. Link the author and the work together.(12%) 1. Shakespeare A. Dombey and Son 2. Dickens B. Ivanhoe 3. W.B.Yeats C. Tess of D'urbervilles Villes 4. T.S.Eliot D. Heartbreak House 5. Henry James E. Women in Love 6. Virginia Woolf F. Prometheus Unbound 7. James Joyce G. The Portrait of a Lady 8. Walter Scott H. the Tower 9. Bernard Shaw I. Ullysses 10. Hardy,Thomas J. Night and Day 11. D.H.Lawrence K. Waste Land 12. Shelly L. OthelloVI.Fill in the blanks.(8%)1. __________________was the work that first make Dickens famous as a popular writer of novel.2.After he went blind,Milton wrote and finished his three great works:epic masterpieces_________and ________and one biblical tragedy ___________.3. Wordsworth was the world's greatest interpreter on ___________.He looked upon himself as _______________.4.ALexander Pope was the undisputable master in the field of ______________and ___________verse.5. Burns is a patriotic poet as well as a national symbol of ____________.6. In 1884 ____________was made a Baron___________the only English poet ever to have been ennobled purely for his poetry.7. "Dover Beach" is a poem by _____________,who was also a famous critic.8. ________________was not only the last but the most perfect of romanticists.VII. Comment on 20th century English modernism literature.(15%)标 准 答 案I. 1. Robert Burns 2. Thomas Gray 3. William Blake 4. Oliver Goldsmith 5. Samuel Johnson 6. Alfred Tennyson 7. Robert Browning 8. Elizabeth Barret 9. Christina Georgina Rossetti 10. W.B.yeatsII. TFTTTTFFFFIII.1.审美原理 2. 意象主义(派) 3. 现代主义 4. 悲剧 5. 喜剧 6.独白 7.素体诗 8. 商籁体(十四行诗) 9. 四行诗 10. 抑抑扬格 11.抑扬格 12.音步 13.浪漫主义 14. 扬抑格 15. 批判现实主义 16. 文艺复兴 17.人文主义 18.艺术的 19.文学生涯 20. 玄学诗人 21. 骑士诗人 22. 启蒙主义 23.感伤主义 24.自然主义 25.历史小说IV.1. Lady Chatteley's Lover 2. Tess of D'urbervilles 3. Dombey and Son 4. Vanity Fair 5. Jane Eyre 6. Wuthering Heights 7. Mary Barton,a Tale of Manchester Life 8. Adam Bede 9. Clarrisa Harlowe 10.Joseph AndrewsV. 1.(L) 2. (A) 3.(I) 4.(K) 5.(G) 6. (H) 7. (I) 8. (B) 9.(D) 10. (C) 11.(E) 12. (F)VI.1. The Pickwick Papers 2. Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained, Samson Agonistes 3. nature's message, nature's priest 4. satire, didactic 5. Scotland 6. Tennyson 7. Matthew Arnold 8. KeatsVII. omitted
英国在14世纪开始出现资本主义生产关系的萌芽。英法百年战争和持续了近30年的“玫瑰战争”，基本消灭了国内的旧贵族，建立了中央集权的君主制国家。英国人文主义文学比法国、德国和西班牙出现早，只略迟于意大利。杰弗利·乔叟是英国人文主义的先驱。托马斯·莫尔是英国早期人文主义文学的代表人物。16世纪中叶以后，英国的人文主义发展到鼎盛时期，诗歌、散文、戏剧都取得很大的发展，尤其是戏剧。诗歌的代表人物有锡德尼、斯宾塞、莎士比亚等。戏剧是文艺复兴时期英国文学的主要成就。
你好，自考书籍主要是教材、大纲和辅导书模拟题，历次考试真题，可以网上试试，或是有卖那种历次考试真题的试卷的辅导资料的可以，或是模拟试题都是可以的。自考书籍要根据你报考的科目来选择教材，所有课程的教材信息已经公布，在报考时自考办就有。根据 教材信息 购买教材 根据考试科目安排 报考科目 根据报考科目和科目的教材信息购买教材 教材信息已经公布，在报考时自考办就有 报考时在购买。查询你报考课程的教材信息，根据教材信息购买教材，可以在网上购买也可以到自考办问问，或是大型书店都有。一、自考教材都是全国自考办指定的教材，一般考试大纲都是根据指定教材来出的，所以教材一定不能买错。自考教材一般在每次考试前发布考试安排与计划时同时公布各科目的指定教材，考生在选购时根据办发布的各课程的代码、主编、版本号等信息进行选购就可以了~ 二、购买自考教材或辅导教材的方式一般有三种：1、自考办教材服务部：正版教材、一般原价出售，无折扣2、自考实体书店：一般都是6~9折左右，根据书的质量有些差异，每个地区基本上都有几个自考书店的3、网上书店购买：个人比较推荐的方式，一般网上都还是非常容易购买的，而且折扣也比较大。你直接网上搜书名就可以了。
21.B 22.D 23.C 24.A 25.A 26.A 27.B 28.BC 29.ABDE 30. 31.B 32.CE33.BE 34.C 35.E 36.ABC好多都是多选，所以有可能选得不全！见谅……
学习外国文学史可以拓展知识面。可以了解外国文化，不懂得别人是文化而去跟他们交流那是无知，外国文学史是人类文学史一部分，有必要学习，诺贝尔奖：是诺贝尔化学家设立的 是科学界的交流平台，是荣誉代表，中国人没能获得诺贝尔奖是世界遗憾，当年中国合成牛胰岛素按照当时科学技术的水平是完全有能力获得的，只是由于中国体制当时情况，没有成功获得，同时也有中国华侨华人获得诺贝尔奖，也是很多的，诺贝尔奖是世界的共同荣誉我们特别期待有中国本土的人获得此荣誉
了解世界文明的渊源诺贝尔文学奖包含了绝大多数世界级优秀作家
全国2008年10月高等教育自学考试外国文学史试题课程代码：00540一、单项选择题（本大题共24小题，每小题1分，共24分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。1.古希腊神话中，爱神的名字是（C ）P15A.雅典娜 B.维纳斯C.阿弗洛狄忒 D.阿耳忒弥斯2.《伊利昂纪》的主题是（A ）P18A.战争 B.和平C.自由 D.平等3.莎士比亚悲剧中的麦克白杀死国王，目的是（ C ）P63A.报杀父之仇 B.伸张正义C.满足权欲和野心 D.雪夺妻之恨4.但丁将《新生》献给了他钟爱的少女，这个少女是（ A ）P41A.贝亚特丽齐 B.绿蒂C.劳拉 D.玛加蕾特5.“大学才子派”指的是（ A ）P53A.英国文艺复兴时期的一批戏剧家 B.法国贵族派人文主义团体C.德国浪漫主义文学团体 D.意大利中世纪后期诗歌流派6.17世纪法国古典主义的哲学基础是（ B）P72A.人文主义 B.唯理主义C.现实主义 D.民族主义7.弥尔顿在长诗《复乐园》中叙述的主要故事是（ D ）P70A.亚当、夏娃被撒旦诱惑 B.耶稣被撒旦诱惑C.亚当、夏娃不为撒旦所诱惑 D.耶稣不为撒旦所诱惑8.18世纪法国哲理小说的开创性作品是（ C ）A.《爱弥儿》教育小说 B.《忏悔录》自传体小说C.《新爱洛绮丝》书信小说 D.《波斯人信札》9.海涅全面抨击德国浪漫派的著作是（ B ）P101A.《儿童的奇异号角》 B.《论浪漫派》C.《西里西亚纺织工人》 D.《德国—一个冬天的童话》10.霍桑创作的被称为“心理罗曼史”的小说是（ B ）P108A.《古屋青苔》 B.《红字》C.《福谷传奇》 D.《玉石雕像》11.陀思妥耶夫斯基在《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》中通过一个人性善的代表人物为人类指出了上帝安排的道路，这个人物是（ D ）p168A.德米特里 B.伊凡C.斯麦尔佳科夫 D.阿辽沙12.马克•吐温在《哈克贝利•费恩历险记》中塑造了一个追求自由的黑奴形象，他的名字是（ B ）P201-202A.汤姆 B.吉姆C.哈克 D.山姆13.左拉最著名的描写劳资矛盾的小说是（ D ）P179A.《金钱》 B.《娜娜》C.《小酒店》 D.《萌芽》14.唯美主义悲剧《莎乐美》的作者是（ C ）A.戈蒂耶 B.佩特C.王尔德 D.兰波15.被称为“美国的莫泊桑”的著名作家是（ D ）P216A.伯尔 B.杰克•伦敦C.厄普顿•辛克莱 D.欧•亨利16.把中国古典文学名著《水浒传》翻译为英语的美国作家是（ C ）P218A.福克纳 B.塞林格C.赛珍珠 D.伍尔夫17.在世界文学史上开辟了无产阶级文学新纪元的作品是（ C ）P224A.《海燕》 B.《我的大学》C.《母亲》 D.《鹰之歌》18.有“欧洲的良心”之称的作家是（ B ）P231-233A.亨利希•曼 B.罗曼•罗兰C.高尔基 D.托尔斯泰19.以“一个家族的没落”为副标题，直接点出“崩溃”主题的作品是（ B ）P214A.《福尔赛世家》 B.《布登勃洛克一家》C.《美国的悲剧》 D.《约瑟夫和他的兄弟们》20.《辛伯达航海旅行的故事》所属的故事集是（ B ）P337A.《十日谈》 B.《一千零一夜》C.《坎特伯雷故事集》 D.《惩恶扬善故事集》21.下列四部希伯来经典中最重要的一部是（ A ）P315A.《圣经》 B.《次经》C.《伪经》 D.《死海古卷》22.波斯文学史上被称为“诗歌之父”的是（ B ）p325A.菲尔多西 B.鲁达基C.萨迪 D.哈菲兹23.日本近代著名作家夏目漱石的代表作是（ A ）P352A.《我是猫》 B.《门》C.《三四郎》 D.《其后》24.获诺贝尔文学奖的埃及当代作家是（ D ）P393A.索因卡 B.泰戈尔C.戈迪默 D.马哈福兹
选D Christopher Marlowe 首先使用blank verse，由Shakespeare发扬光大~
21.B 22.D 23.C 24.A 25.A 26.A 27.B 28.BC 29.ABDE 30. 31.B 32.CE33.BE 34.C 35.E 36.ABC好多都是多选，所以有可能选得不全！见谅……
Chapter 5The Modern Period Ⅰ。学习目的和要求 通过本章的学习，了解20世纪批判现实主义文学和现代主义文学产生的历史、文化背景。认识该时期文学创作的基本特征、基本主张，及其对现当代英国文学乃至文化的影响；了解该时期重要作家的文学创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、思想意义等；同时结合注释，读懂所选作品，了解其思想内容和写作特色，培养理解和欣赏文学作品的能力。 Ⅱ。本章重点及难点 1. 英国现代文学的特征 2. 主要作家的创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画和语言风格 3. 名词解释：现代主义 4. 应用：选读作品的主题结构、艺术特色、人物刻画和语言风格，如 （1）叶芝和艾略特诗歌（所选作品）的主题、意象分析 （2）小说《儿子与情人》的主题和主要人物的性格分析 （3）意识流小说的主要特色分析 （4）萧伯纳戏剧的特点与社会意义分析 Ⅲ。考核知识点和考核要求 （一）现代时期概述 1.识记： A. 20世纪英国社会的政治、经济、文化背景 B.英国20世纪批判现实主义文学 C.现代主义文学的兴起与衰落 2.领会： A. 现代主义文学创作的基本主张 B.英国现代主义文学思潮 （1）诗歌 （2）小说 （3）戏剧 3.应用： A.名词解释：现代主义 B.英国现代主义文学的特点 C.现代主义文学对当代文学的影响 （二）现代时期的主要作家 A.萧伯纳 1.一般：萧伯纳的生平与文学生涯。 2.识记： A.萧伯纳的政治改革思想和文学创作主张 B.萧伯纳的戏剧创作 （1）早期主要作品：《鳏夫的房产》、《华伦夫人的职业》、《康蒂坦》、《凯撒和克莉奥佩特拉》 （2）中期作品：《人与超人》、《巴巴拉少校》、《皮格马利翁》 （3）晚期作品：《伤心之家》、《回到麦修色拉》、《圣女贞德》、《苹果车》 3.领会： A.萧伯纳戏剧的特点与社会意义 B.萧伯纳的戏剧对20世纪英国文学的影响 4.应用： A.《华伦夫人的职业》的故事梗概、情节结构、人物塑造、语言风格、思想意义 B.选读：所选作品的主要内容、人物塑造、语言特点、艺术手法等 B.约翰。高尔斯华绥 1.一般识记：高尔斯华绥的生平与文学生涯 2.识记：高尔斯华绥的文学创作 （1）戏剧：《银盒》、《正义》、《斗争》 （2）小说：《福赛特世家》（《有产业的人》、《骑虎》、《出租》）、《现代喜剧》 3.领会： A.高尔斯华绥的创作思想 B.高尔斯华绥批判现实主义小说的主要特点及社会意义 4.应用： 选读：所选作品的主要内容、人物性格。语言特点、叙述手法等 C、威廉。勃特勒。叶芝 1.一般：叶芝的生平及文学生涯 2.识记：叶芝诗歌的代表作品 （1）早期诗歌：《茵尼斯弗利岛》、《梦见仙境的人》、《玫瑰》 （2）中期诗歌：《新的纪元》、《1916年的复活节》 （3）晚期诗歌：《驶向拜占廷》、《丽达及天鹅》、《在学童们中间》 3.领会： A.叶芝的诗歌创作思想 B.叶芝诗歌的特点及思想意义 C.叶芝诗歌的艺术成就 D.叶芝的诗歌对当代英国文学的影响 E.叶芝的戏剧创作 4.应用：选读：、所选作品的主题思想、语言风格、艺术特色等 D、T.S.艾略特 1.一般识记：艾略特的生平及创作生涯 2.识记：艾略特的主要诗歌作品 （1）《普鲁弗洛克的情歌》 （2）《荒原》 （3）《灰星期三》 （4）《四个四重奏》 3.领会： A.艾略特的文学理论与文艺批评观 B.艾略特诗歌的艺术特色及社会意义 C.艾略特的戏剧 D. 文略特的艺术成就 E.艾略特的文学创作及文艺批评思想对现当代英国文学的影响 4.应用： A.《荒原》主题、结构、神话、象征、语言特色及社会意义 B.选读：所选作品的主题结构、思想内容、语言特点、艺术手法等 E.戴维。赫伯特。劳伦斯 1.一般识记：劳伦斯的生平及文学生涯 2.识记：劳伦斯的主要小说 （1）《儿子与情人》 （2）《虹》 （3）《恋爱中的女人》 3.领会： A. 劳伦斯的创作思想 B. 劳伦斯小说的主要艺术特色及社会意义 . C. 劳伦斯的小说对现当代英国文学的影响 4.应用： A.《儿子与情人》的故事梗概、情节结构、人物塑造、语言风格、思想意义 B.选读：所选作品的主要内容、人物性格、语言特点、艺术手法等 F.詹姆斯。乔伊斯 1.一般识记：乔伊斯的生平与创作生涯 2.识记：乔伊斯的主要作品简介 （1）《都柏林人》 （2）《青年艺术家的肖像》 （3）《尤利西斯》 3.领会： A. 乔伊斯的文学创作主张与美学思想 B. 乔伊斯小说的主要艺术特色及思想意义 C.乔伊斯的艺术成就 D.乔伊斯的作品对现当代世界文学的影响 4.应用： A. 意识流小说的主要特色分析 B. 选读：所选作品的主题思想、人物塑造、语言特色、艺术手法等 Chapter 5 The Modern Period 一。识记： 1. The social， ideological background of the modern English literature： （1） The influences of the two World Wars on English literature： Modernism rose out of skepticism and disillusion of capitalism. The First World War and the Second World War had greatly influenced the English literature. The catastrophic First World War tremendously weakened the British Empire and brought about great sufferings to its people as well. Its appalling shock severely destroyed people's faith in the Victorian values； The postwar economic dislocation and spiritual disillusion produced a profound impact upon the British people， who came to see the prevalent wretchedness in capitalism. The Second World War marked the last stage of the disintegration of the British Empire. Britain suffered heavy losses in the war： thousands of people were killed； the economy was ruined； and almost all its former colonies were lost. People were in economic， cultural， and belief crisises. （2） Ideologically， the rise of the irrational philosophy and new science greatly incited modern writers to make new explorations on human natures and human relationships. （a） In the mid-19th century， Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels put forward the theory of scientific socialism， which not only provided a guiding principle for the working people， but also inspired them to make dauntless fights for their own emancipation. （b） Darwin's theory of evolution exerted a strong influence upon the people， causing many to lose their religious faith. The social Darwinism， under the cover of "survival of the fittest，" vehemently advocated colonialism or jingoism. （c） Einstein's theory of relativity provided entirely new ideas for the concepts of time and space. （d） Freud's analytical psychology drastically altered our conception of human nature. （e） Arthur Schopenhauer， a pessimistic philosopher started a rebellion against rationalism， stressing the importance of will and intuition. （f） Having inherited the basic principles from Schopenhauer， Friedrich Nietzsche went further against rationalism by advocating the doctrines of power and superman and by completely rejecting the Christian morality. （g） Based on the major ideas of his predecessors， Henry Bergson established his irrational philosophy which put the emphasis on creation， intuition， irrationality and unconsciousness. All these irrationalist philosophers exerted immense influence upon the major modernist writers in Britain. So， after the First World War， all kinds of literary trends of modernism appeared： symbolism， expressionism， surrealism， cubism， futurism， Dadaism， imagism and stream of consciousness. Towards the 1920s， these trends converged into a mighty torrent of modernist movement， which swept across the whole Europe and America. After the Second World War， a variety of modernism， or post-modernism， like existentialist literature， theater of the absurd， new novels and black humor， rose with the spur of the existentialist idea that "the world was absurd， and the human life was an agony." 2. The development of English poetry in the 20th century： The 20th century has witnessed a great achievement in English poetry. In the early years of this century， Thomas Hardy and the war poets of the younger generation were important realistic poets. Hardy expressed his strong sympathies for the suffering poor and his bitter disgusts at the social evils in his poetry as in his novels. The soldiers-poets of World War I revealed the appalling brutality of the war in a most realistic way. The early poems of Pound and Eliot and Yeats's matured poetry marked the rise of "modern poetry，" which was， in some sense， a revolution against the conventional ideas and forms of the Victorian poetry. The modernist poets fought against the romantic fuzziness and self-indulged emotionalism， advocating new ideas in poetry- writing such as to use the language of common speech， to create new rhythms as the expression of a new mood， to allow absolute freedom in choosing subjects， and to use hard， clear and precise images in poems. The 1930s witnessed great economic depressions， mass unemployment， and the rise of the Nazis. Facing such a severe situation， most of the young intellects started to turn to the left. And therefore the period was known as "the red thirties." A group of young poets during this period expressed in their poetry a radical political enthusiasm and a strong protest against fascism. With the coming of the 1950s， there was a return of realistic poetry again. By advocating reason， moral discipline， and traditional forms， a new generation of poets started "The Movement，" which explicitly rejected the modernist influence. There was no significant poetic movement in the 1960s. A multiplicity of choices opened to both the poet and the reader. Poets gradually moved into more individual styles. 3. Realism in the 20th century English literature： The realistic novels in the early 20th century were the continuation of the Victorian tradition， yet its exposing and criticizing power against capitalist evils had been somewhat weakened both in width and depth. The outstanding realistic novelists of this period were John Galsworthy， H. G. Wells， and Arnold Eennett. The three trilogies of Galsworthy's Forsyte novels are masterpieces of critical realism in the early 20th century， which revealed the corrupted capitalist world. In his novels of social satire， H. G. Wells made realistic studies of the aspirations and frustrations of the "Little Man；" whereas Bennett presented a vivid picture of the English life in the industrial Midlands in his best novels. Realism was， to a certain extent， eclipsed by the rapid rise of modernism in the 1920s. But with the strong swing of leftism in the 1930s， novelists began to turn their attention to the urgent social problems. They also enriched the traditional ways of creation by adopting some of the modernist techniques. However， the realistic novels of this period were more or less touched by a pessimistic mood， preoccupied with the theme of man's loneliness， and shaped in different forms： social satires by Aldous Huxley and George Orwell comic satires on the English upper class by Evelyn Waugh； and Catholic novels by Graham Greene. Another important group of young novelists and playwrights with lower-middle-class or working-class background in the mid-1950s and early 1960s known as "The Angry Young Man." They demonstrated a particular disillusion over the depressing situation in Britain and launched a bitter protest against the outmoded social and political values in their society. Kingsley Amis， John Wain， John Braine and Alan Sillitoe were the major novelists in this group. They portrayed unadorned working-class life in their novels with great freshness and vigor of the working-class language. Amis was the first to start the attack on middle-class privileges and power in his novel Lucky Jim （1954）。 The term "The Angry Young Man" came to be widely Having been merged and interpenetrated with modernism in the past several decades， the realistic novel of the 1960s and 1970s appeared in a new face with a richer， more vigorous and more diversified style. 二。领会： 1.Modern English poetry： It is， in some sense， a revolution against the conventional ideas and forms of the Victorian poetry. The modernist poets fought against the romantic fuzziness and self-indulged emotionalism， advocating new ideas in poetry- writing such as to use the language of common speech， to create new rhythms as the expression of a new mood， to allow absolute freedom in choosing subjects， and to use hard， clear and precise images in poems. 2. Modern English novels： The first three decades of 20th century were golden years of the modernist novel. In stimulating the technical innovations of novel creation， the theory of the Freudian and Jungian psycho-analysis played a particularly important role. With the notion that multiple levels of consciousness existed simultaneously in the human mind， that one's present was the sum of his past， present and future， and that the whole truth about human beings existed in the unique， isolated， and private world of each individual， writers like Dorothy Richardson， James Joyce and Virginia Woolf concentrated all their efforts on digging into the human consciousness. They had created unprecedented stream-of-consciousness novels such as Pilgrimage by Richardson， Ulysses （1922） by Joyce， and Mrs. Dalloway （1925） by Woolf. One of the remarkable features of their writings was their continuous experimentation on new and sophisticated techniques in novel writing， which made tremendous impacts on the creation of both realistic and modernist novels in this century. James Joyce is the most outstanding stream-of-consciousness novelist； in Ulysses， his encyclopedia-like masterpiece， Joyce presents a fantastic picture of the disjointed， illogical， illusory， and mental- emotional life of Leopold Bloom， who becomes the symbol of everyman in the post-World-War-ⅠEurope. In the works of E. M. Forster and D. H. Lawrence， old traditions are still there， but their subject matter about human relationships and their symbolic or psychological presentations of the novel are entirely modern. Forster's masterpiece， A Passage to India （1924）， is a novel of decidedly symbolist aspirations， in which the author set up， within a realistic story， a fable of moral significance that implies a highly mystical， symbolic view of life， death， human relationship， and the relationship of man with the infinite universe. D. H. Lawrence is regarded as revolutionary as Joyce in novel writing； but unlike Joyce， he was not concerned with technical innovations； his interest lay in the tracing of the psychological development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature. He believed that life impulse was the primacy of man's instinct， and that any conscious repression of such an impulse would cause distortion or perversion of the individual's personality. In his best novels like The Rainbow （1915） and Women in Love （1920）， Lawrence made a bold psychological exploration of various human relationships， especially those between men and women， with a great frankness Lawrence claimed that the alienation of the human relationships and the perversion of human nature in the modern society were caused by the desires for power and money， by the shams and frauds of middle-class life， and， above all， by the whole capitalist mechanical civilization， which turned men into inhuman machines. After the Second World War， modernism had another upsurge with the rise of existentialism which was reflected mainly in drama. 3. The development of 20th century English drama： The most celebrated dramatists in the last decade of the 19th century were Oscar Wilde and George Bernard Shaw， who， in a sense， pioneered the modern drama， though they did not make so many innovations in techniques and forms as modernist poets or novelists. Wilde expressed a satirical and bitter attitude towards the upper-class people by revealing their corruption， their snobbery， and their hypocrisy in his plays， especially in his masterpiece， The Importance-of Being Earnest （1895）。 Shaw is is considered to be the best-known English dramatist since Shakespeare whose works are examples of the plays inspired by social criticism. John Galsworthy carried on this tradition of social criticism in his plays. By dramatizing social and ethical problems， Galsworthy made considerable achievements in his plays such as The Silver Box （1906） and Strife （1910）， in which Galsworthy presents not only realistic pictures of social injustice， but also the workers' heroic struggles against their employers. W. B. Yeats， a prominent poet of the 20th century， was the leader of the Irish National Theater Movement. He was a verse playwright who desired to restore lyrical drama to popularity. With the heroic portrayal of spiritual truth as his main concern， Yeats wrote a number of verse plays， introducing Irish myths and folk legends； but the plot in his plays was seldom very dramatic. The 1930s witnessed a revival of poetic drama in England. One of the early experimenters was T. S. Eliot who regarded drama as the best medium of poetry. Eliot wrote several verse plays and made a considerable success. Murder in the Cathedral （1935）， with its purely dramatic power， remains the most popular of his verse plays， in spite of its primarily religious purpose. After Eliot， Christopher Fry gained considerable successes in poetic drama. His exuberant though poetically commonplace verse drama. The Lady's Not For Burning （1948）， attracted delighted audience. The English dramatic revolution， which came in the 1950s under various European and American influences， developed in two directions： the working-class drama and the Theater of Absurd. The working-class drama was started by a group of young writers from the lower-middle class， or working class， who presented a new type of plays which expressed a mood of restlessness， anger and frustration， a spirit of rebelliousness， and a strong emotional protest against the existing social institutions. John Osborne's play， Look Back in Anger （1956）， in a fresh， unadorned working-class language， angrily， violently and unrelentingly condemned the contemporary social evils. With an entirely new sense of reality， Osborne brought vitality to the English theater and became known as the first "Angry Young Man." The most original playwright of the Theater of Absurd is Samuel Beckett， who wrote about human beings living a meaningless life in an alien， decaying world. His first play Waiting for Godot （1955） is regarded as the most famous and influential play of the Theater of Absurd.
下篇：美国文学 第一章美国浪漫主义时期 一、美国浪漫主义时期概述 Ⅰ。本章学习目的和要求 通过本章学习，了解19世纪初期至中叶美国文学产生的历史、文化背景；认识该时期文学创作的基本待征、基本主张，及其对同时代和后期美国文学的影响；了解该时期主要作家的文学创作生涯、创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题思想、人物刻画、语言风格等；同时结合注释，读懂所选作品并了解其思想内容和艺术特色，培养理解和欣赏文学作品的能力。 Ⅱ。本章重点及难点： 1.浪漫主义时期美国文学的特点 2.主要作家的创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、思想意义。 3.分析讨论选读作品 Ⅲ。本章考核知识点和考核要求： 1.美国浪漫主义时期概述 （1）“识记”内容：美国浪漫主义文学产生的社会历史及文化背景 （2）“领会”内容： 美国浪漫主义在文学上的表现 a.欧洲浪漫主义文学的影响 b.美国本土文学的崛起及其待证 （3）“应用”内容：清教主义、超验主义、象征主义、自由诗等名词的解释 2.美国浪漫主义时期的主要作家 A.华盛顿。欧文 1.一般识记：欧文的生平及创作主涯 2.识记：《纽约外史》《见闻札记》 3.领会：欧文的创作领域、创作思想，及其作品的艺术风格 4.应用：选读《瑞普。凡。温可尔》的主题及其艺术特色 B.拉尔夫.华尔多.爱默生 1.一般识记：爱默生的生平及创作生涯 2.识记：爱默生的超验主义思想 3.领会： （1）爱默生的散文：《论自然》《论自助》《论美国学者》等 （2）爱默生与梭罗：梭罗的超验主义思想和他的《沃尔登》 4. 应用：《论自然》节选：爱默生的基本哲 学思想及自然观 C.纳撒尼尔。霍桑 1.一般识记：霍桑的生平及创作主涯 2.识记：霍桑的长短篇小说 3.领会： （1）《红字》的主题、心理描写、象征手法和、小说结构 （2）霍桑的清教主义思想及加尔文教条中的“原罪”对霍桑的影响（人性本恶的观点） （3）霍桑对浪漫主义小说的贡献 4.应用：选读《小伙子布朗》的主题结构、象征手法及语言特色 D.华尔特。惠特曼 1.一般识记：惠特曼的生平及其创作生涯 2.识记：惠特曼的民主思想 3.领会： （1）惠特曼的《草叶集》的主创意图、思想感情及诗体形式、语言风格 （2）惠特曼的个人主义 4.应用：选读《草叶集》诗选：“一个孩子的成长”、“涉水的骑兵”、“自己之歌”的主题结构、诗歌的艺术特色、语言风格 E.赫尔曼。麦尔维尔 1.一般识记：麦尔维尔的生平及创作生涯 2.识记：麦尔维尔的早期作品：《玛地》《雷得本》《白外衣》，后期作品《皮埃尔》《骗子的化装表演》《比利伯德》等 3.领会：《白鲸》的 （1）主题：表层及深层意义 （2）小说结构：浪漫主义和现实主义的统一 （3）象征手法和寓言的运用 （4）语言特色 4.应用：选读《白鲸》最后一章的节选：主题思想、人物刻画、象征手法、语言特色 Chapter l The Romantic Period （一）“识记”内容： 1.The origin of Romantic American literature The Romantic Period， one of the most important periods in thehistory of American literature， stretches from the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil War. It started with the publication of Washington Irving’s The Sketch Book and ended with Whitman’s Leaves of Grass. 2.The American Renaissance or New England Renaissance is a period of the great flowering of American literature， from the i830s roughly until the end of the American Civil War. It came of age as an expression of a national spirit. One of the most important influences in the period was that of the Transcendentalists， including Ralph Waldo Emerson， Henry David Thoreau. The Transcendentalists contributed to the founding of a new national culture based on native elements. Apart from the Transcendentalists， there emerged during this period great imaginative writers ——Nathaniel Hawthorne， Herman Melville， and Walt Whitman——whose novels and poetry left a permanent imprint on American literature. 3.Its social historical and cultural background The development of the American society nurtured "the literature of a great nation." America was flourishing into a politically， economically and culturally independent country. Historically， it was the time of westward expansion in America economically， the whole nation was experiencing an industrial transformation. Politically， democracy and equa1ity became the ideal of the new nation， and the two-party system came into being. Worthy of mention is the literary and cultural life of the country. With the founding of the American Independent Government， the nation felt an urge to have its own literary expression， to make known its new experience that other nations did not have： the early Puritan settlement， the confrontation with the Indians， the frontiersmen''''''''s life， and the wild west. Besides， the nation’s literary milieu was ready for the Romantic movement as we11. Thus， with a strong sense of optimism， a spectacular outburst of romantic feeling was brought about in the first ha1f of the 19th century. 4.Major writers of this period There emerged a great host of men of letters during this period， among whom the better-known are poets such as Philip Freneau， William Cullen Bryant， Henry Wordsworth Long Fellow， James Russel Lowell， John Greenleaf Whitter， Edgar Ellen Poe， and， especially， Walt Whitman， whose Leaves Of Grass established him as the most popular American poet of the 19th century. The fiction of the American Romantic period is an original and diverse body of work. It ranges from the comic fables of Washington Irving to the The Gothic tales of Edgar Allen Poe， from the frontier adventures of James Fenimore Cooper to the narrative quests of Herman Melville， from the psycho1ogical romances of Nathaniel Hawthorne to the social realism of Rebecca Harding Davis. （二）领会内容 1.The impact of European Romanticism on American Romanticism Foreign literary masters， especially the English counterparts exerted a stimulating impact on the writers of the new world. Born of one common cultural heritage， the American writers shared some common features with the English Romanticists. They revolted against the literary forms and ideas of the period of classicism by developing some relatively new forms of fiction or poetry. （1） They put emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature， which included a liking for the picturesque， the exotic， the sensuous， the sensational， and the supernatural. （2） The Americans also placed an increasing emphasis on the free expression of emotions and disp1ayed an increasing attention to the psychic states of their characters. Heroes and heroines exhibited extremes of sensitivity and excitement. （3） The strong tendency to exalt the individual and the common man was almost a national religion in America. Writers like Freneau， Bryant， and Cooper showed a great interest in external nature in their respective works. （4） The literary use of the more colorfu1 aspects of the past was also to be found in Irving’s effort to exploit the legends of the Hudson River region， and in Cooper’s long series of historical tales. （5） In short， American Romanticism is， in a certain way， derivative. 2.The unique characteristics of American Romanticism Although greatly influenced by their English counterparts， the American romantic writers revealed unique characteristics of their own in their works and they grew on the native lands. For examp1e，（1） the American national experience of "pioneering into the west" proved to be a rich source of material for American writers to draw upon. They celebrated America''''''''s landscape with its virgin forests， meadows， groves， endless prairies， streams， and vast oceans. The wilderness came to function almost as a dramatic character that symbolized moral 1aw. （2）The desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of American literature. Such a desire is particularly evident in Cooper’s Leather Stocking Tales， in Thoreau''''''''s Walden and， later， in Mark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. （3） With the growth of American national consciousness， American character types speaking local dialects appeared in poetry and fiction with increasing frequency. （4） Then the American Puritanism as a cultural heritage exerted great influences over American moral values and American Romanticism. One of the manifestations is the fact that American romantic writers tended more to moralize than their English and European counterparts. （5） Besides， a preoccupation with the Calvinistic view of origina1 sin and the mystery of evil marked the works of Hawthorne， Melville and a host of lesser writers. （三）应用内容 1. The American Puritanism and its great influence over American moral values， as is shown in American romantic writings. （1） American Puritanism Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the Puritans. （The Puritans were originally members of a division of the Protestant Church， who came into existence in the reigns Queen Elizabeth and King James Ⅰ。The first settlers who became the founding fathers of the American nation were quite a few of them Puritans. They came to America out of various reasons， but it should be remembered that they were a group of serious， religious people， advocating highly religious and moral principles. As the word itself hints， Puritans wanted to purify their religious beliefs and practices. They felt that the Church of England was too close to the Church of Rome in doctrine form of worship， and organization of authority.） The American Puritans， like their brothers back in England， were idealists， believing that the church should be restored to complete "purity". They accepted the doctrine of predestination， original sin and total depravity， and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God. But in the grim struggle for survival that followed immediately after their arrival in America， they became more and more practical， as indeed they had to be. Puritans were noted for a spirit of moral and religious earnestness that determinated their whole way of life. Puritans'''''''' lives were extremely disciplined and hard. They drove out of their settlements all those opinions that seemed dangerous to them， and history has criticized their actions. Yet in the persecution of what they considered error， the Puritans were no worse than many other movements in history. As a culture heritage， Puritanism did have a profound influence on the early American mind and American values. American Puritanism also had a conspicuously noticeable and an enduring influence on American literature. It had become， to some extent， so much a state of mind， so much a part of the national cultural atmosphere， rather than a set of tenets. （2） One of the manifestations is the fact that American romantic writers tended more to moralize than their English and European counterparts. Besides， a preoccupation with the Calvinistic view of origina1 sin and the mystery of evil marked the works of Hawthorne， Melville and a host of lesser writers. 2. New England Transcendentalism New England Transcendentalism is the mot clearly defined Romantic literary movement in this period. It was started in the area around Concord， Mass. by a group of intellectual and the literary men of the United States such as Emerson， Henry David Thoreau who were members of an informal club， i. e. the Transcendental Club in New England in the l830s. The transcendentalists reacted against the cold， rigid rationalism of Unitarianism in Boston. They adhered to an idealistic system of thought based on a belief in the essential unity of all creation ， the innate goodness of man， and the supremacy of insight over logic and experience for the revelation of the deepest truths. The writings of the transcendentalists prepared the ground of their contemporaries such as Walt Whitman， Herman Melville， and Nathaniel Hawthorne. The main issues involved in the debate were generally philosophical， concerning nature， man and the universe. Basically， Transcendentalism has been defined philosophical1y as "the recognition in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively， or of attaining knowledge transcending the reach of the senses." Emerson once proclaimed in a speech， "Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind." Other concepts that accompanied Transcendentalism inc1ude the idea that nature is ennobling and the idea that the individual is divine and， therefore， self-re1iant. 3. American Romanticists differed in their understanding of human nature. To the transcendentalists such as Emerson and Thoreau， man is divine in nature and therefore forever perfectible； but to Hawthorne and Melville， everybody is potentially a sinner， and great moral courage is therefore indispensab1e for the improvement of human nature， as is shown in Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter.
全国2007年10月高等教育自学考试 外国文学作品选试题 课程代码：00534 一、单项选择题（本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分） 在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。 1．但丁的《神曲》采用中世纪文学常用的象征手法，其中象征着“理性”的人物是（） A．维吉尔 B．贝雅特丽齐 C．弗兰采斯加 D．玛嘉丽特 2．短篇小说集《十日谈》的作者是（） A．彼特拉克 B．薄伽丘 C．拉伯雷 D．伏尔泰 3．长篇小说《堂吉诃德》塑造了两个主要人物，其中之一是同名主人公，另一个人物是 （） A．桑丘·潘沙 B．杜尔西内娅 C．希内斯 D．白月骑士 4．莫里哀喜剧《达尔杜弗》中，同名主人公首次出场的幕次是（） A．第一幕 B．第二幕 C．第三幕 D．第四幕 5．被认为是英国浪漫主义诗歌“美学宣言”的是（） A．《沉思集》 B．《抒情歌谣集·序言》 C．《给英国人民的歌》 D．《克伦威尔·序言》 6．英国诗人拜伦的《恰尔德·哈洛尔德游记》可称为（） A．“英雄史诗” B．“爱情史诗” C．“叙事史诗” D．“抒情史诗” 7．“你要什么？美丽的孩子，该拿什么给你，/才能喜洋洋拢合，兴冲冲理齐你洁白肩头/那未遭铁剪凌辱的金发，/它们在你美丽的额上哭泣，/恍若咽呜的河柳？”这些诗句出自雨果的（） A．《四日晚上的回忆》 B．《新生集》 C．《希腊孩子》 D．《光与影》 8．在普希金的《致大海》一诗中，诗人对大海的态度是（） A．憎恨 B．冷漠 C．嘲讽 D．向往 9．惠特曼在《草叶集》中采用的诗歌形式是（） A．阶梯式 B．散韵结合式 C．自由体 D．十四行诗体 10．在《红与黑》第30章中，当于连顺着梯子爬向德·雷纳尔夫人的卧室时，他的心理特征是（） A．虽然充满恐惧，但内心是坚定的 B．由于充满恐惧，所以内心是不坚定的 C．虽然渴望复仇，但内心是不坚定的 D．由于渴望复仇，所以内心是坚定的 11．高老头死后，将其灵柩送往教堂时，除了两位丧礼执事外，还有两个人，他们是（） A．拉斯蒂涅和伏盖太太 B．拉斯蒂涅和皮安训 C．皮安训和克利斯多夫 D．拉斯蒂涅和克利斯多夫 12．狄更斯小说《双城记》的教材节选部分的主要内容是（） A．梅尼特从被关押的巴士底监狱获救 B．梅尼特在被囚禁时写下的控告信 C．梅尼特同意女儿露茜与代尔那结婚 D．梅尼特原来的管家夫妇向侯爵复仇 13．《死魂灵》这一书名有两重含义，其中与主题相关的那层含义是指，小说中人虽然活着，但精神上已经死去的（） A．地主 B．教士 C．法官 D．政客 14．《国际歌》的首尾两节重复四句诗：“这是最后的斗争，/团结起来，到明天，/英特纳雄耐尔，/就一定要实现。”其中“英特纳雄耐尔”一语在这里的含义是（） A．全世界各国的大联合 B．全世界人民的大联合 C．国际无产阶级的大团结 D．国际共产主义理想 15．左拉为他在1868—1893年间完成的20部小说取了一个总名称，这个总名称是（） A．《人间喜剧》 B．《悲惨世界》 C．《卢贡—马卡尔家族》 D．《在我们的时代里》 16．法庭上，涅赫柳多夫认出了那个“柳博芙”就是他爱过的卡秋莎，这一过程是在（） A．庭长开始向卡秋莎问话时 B．书记官开始宣读起诉书时 C．证人开始上庭作证时 D．庭长开始宣读判决书时 17．小说《一个文官的死》最鲜明的艺术特色是（） A．象征 B．隐喻 C．对比 D．讽刺 18．肖洛霍夫小说《一个人的遭遇》中，主人公索科洛夫是一个（） A．“金星英雄”式人物 B．浪漫传奇类人物 C．普通苏维埃人 D．多余人 19．小说《看不见的收藏》故事发生的背景是（） A．第一次世界大战后 B．第二次世界大战后 C．18到19世纪之交 D．20世纪50年代 20．“一阵骤雨似的念头源源不断地从某个非常高的天国倾泄而下，进入他的头脑。”这句话出自伍尔芙的小说（） A．《海浪》 B．《墙上的斑点》 C．《到灯塔去》 D．《达罗卫夫人》 21．海明威在他的小说《老人与海》的结尾，写老人桑提亚哥“正在梦见狮子”。这个情节的意思是（） A．老人想去非洲猎狮子 B．老人把自己与鲨鱼的搏斗比成与狮子的搏斗 C．表明老人精神并没有被打败 D．暗示老人的心理压力十分巨大 22．萨特小说《墙》的主人公伊比埃塔最后哈哈大笑的含义是（） A．对佛朗哥长枪党的嘲笑 B．对比利时医生的嘲笑 C．对难友恐惧的嘲笑 D．对荒诞世界的嘲笑 23．据迦梨陀娑的《沙恭达罗》第四幕描写，沙恭达罗因一心思念情人而怠慢了一个重要的人物，于是遭到了诅咒。这个重要人物是（） A．干婆 B．豆扇陀 C．乔答弥 D．达罗婆娑 24．山上忆良《贫穷问答歌》最后一行的第一句是“不是能飞鸟”，第二名是（） A．“欲去究安归” B．“世间无路逃” C．“何能到处飞” D．“呻吟空哭号” 25．《源氏物语》第一回《桐壶》在艺术上的主要特点，除感伤悲哀的情调以外，还有（） A．富于想象力的情节 B．刚柔相济的人物形象 C．诗文相间的文体 D．辛辣尖锐的讽刺 26．在《蔷薇园》第28节诗中，诗人借一个托钵僧之口表达的思想观点是（） A．君贵民轻 B．民贵君轻 C．安贫乐贱 D．出世无为 27．《辛伯达航海旅行的故事》中，主人公七次冒险远航的动力是（） A．过富裕生活 B．获得新知识 C．了解外部世界 D．赚钱并满足求知欲望 28．“你，王爷，如今是位圣贤，我倒成了盗贼”，这句话出自泰戈尔的（） A．《两亩地》 B．《吉檀迦利》 C．《沉船》 D．《戈拉》 29．《可番布》中，当菩提耶在分娩的痛苦中挣扎时，她的丈夫马托夫正忙于（） A．赌博 B．吃土豆 C．购买可番布 D．砍柴 30．与横光利一等人通过创办同人杂志《文艺时代》、发起“新感觉派”文学运动的是（） A．小林多喜二 B．夏目漱石 C．川端康成 D．芥川龙之介 二、多项选择题（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 在每小题列出的五个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选、少选或未选均无分。 31．索福克勒斯《俄狄浦斯王》在结构上的突出特色是（） A．“回顾式” B．“发现” C．“网状” D．“开放式” E．“突变” 32．歌德的诗剧《浮士德》描写了主人公一生的经历，其中包括（） A．知识追求 B．爱情追求 C．政治生活 D．改革教会 E．改造大自然 33．美国作家马克·吐温的小说《败坏了赫德莱堡的人》以生动的笔触和巧妙的情节安排，讲述了（） A．冒领一袋金币的丑闻 B．理查兹救人的故事 C．理查兹夫妇的诚实 D．赫德莱堡人的伪善 E．赫德莱堡人受贿的劣迹 34．卡夫卡小说《变形记》为人们提供了一种独特的精神氛围，其内涵主要包括（） A．滑稽突梯 B．恐惧阴沉 C．色调晦暗 D．悲观绝望 E．清净明朗 35．在教材节选的《旧约·雅歌》第六首诗里，新娘把爱情与几样东西加以比较，这几样东西是（） A．死亡 B．阴间 C．权势 D．战争 E．烈火 三、简答题（本大题共4小题，每小题7分，共28分） 36．简述《伊利亚特》第22卷对战争的矛盾态度。 37．《羊脂球》中，莫泊桑刻画鸟先生夫妇、拉马东夫妇和布雷维尔夫妇三对上流人物的形象时，用了哪三个场景揭示了人物怎样的性格特征？ 38．结合《玩偶之家》第3幕的描写，从海尔茂对娜拉态度的变化，分析海尔茂的性格内涵。 39．联系教材节选的纪伯伦《先知》第二首诗上下文，谈谈“你们可以给他们以爱，却不可给他们以思想”的含义是什么？ 四、论述题（12分） 40．结合作品比较《春天的旋律》和《海燕之歌》在艺术风格上的异同。 五、阅读理解题（20分） 41．阅读下面给出的莎士比亚《哈姆莱特》戏剧片断，围绕以下两个问题写一篇不少于500字的短文。 提示： （1）从下面的引文中可以看出克劳狄斯（哈姆莱特的叔父）是一个什么样的人？ （2）知道了真相之后的哈姆莱特表现了什么样的思想情感？ 要求：主要围绕所给的材料和提示，进行综合分析。不能分别回答问题。观点鲜明，分析具体，条理清楚，语言通顺，书写整洁。 鬼 魂 现在，哈姆莱特，听我说：一般人都以为我在花园里睡觉的时候，一条蛇来把我螫死，这一个虚构的死状，把丹麦全国的人都骗过了；可是你要知道，好孩子，那毒害你父亲的蛇，头上戴着王冠呢。 哈姆莱特 啊，我的预感果然是真的！我的叔父！ 鬼 魂 嗯，那个乱伦的、**的畜生，他有的是过人的诡诈，天赋的*恶，凭着他的阴险的手段，诱惑了我的外表上似乎非常贞淑的王后，满足他的无耻的兽欲。啊，哈姆莱特，那是一个多么卑鄙无耻的背叛！我的爱情是那样纯洁真诚，如终信守着我在结婚的时候对他所作的盟誓；她却会对一个天赋的才德远不如我的恶人降心相从！可是正像一个贞洁的女子，虽然*欲罩上神圣的外表，也不能把她煽动一样，一个*妇虽然和光明的天使为偶，也会有一天厌倦于天上的唱随之乐，而宁愿搂抱人间的朽骨。可是且慢！我仿佛嗅到了清晨的空气；让我把话说得简短一些。当我每天按照午后的惯例，在花园里睡觉的时候，你的叔父乘我不备，悄悄溜了进来，拿着一个盛着毒草汁的小瓶，把一种使人麻痹的药水注入我的耳腔之内，那药性发作起来，会像水银一样很快地流过全身的大小血管，像酸液滴进牛乳一般把淡薄而健全的血液凝结起来；它一进入我的身体，我全身光滑的皮肤上便立刻发生无数疱疹，像害着癞病似的满布着可憎的鳞片。这样，我在睡梦之中，被一个兄弟同时夺去了我的生命、我的王冠和我的王后；甚至于不给我一个忏罪的机会，使我在没有领到圣餐也没有受过临终涂膏礼以前，就一无准备地负着我的全部罪恶去对簿阴曹…… 哈姆莱特 天上的神明啊！地啊！再有什么呢？我还要向地狱呼喊吗？啊，呸！忍着吧，忍着吧，我的心！我的全身的筋骨，不要一下了就变成衰老，支持着我的身体呀！记着你！是的，你可怜的亡魂，当记忆不曾从我这混乱的头脑里消失的时候，我会记着你的。记着你！是的，我要从我的记忆的碑板上，拭去一切琐碎愚蠢的记录、一切书本上的格言、一切陈言套语、一切过去的印象、我的少年的阅历所留下的痕迹，只让你的命令留在我的脑筋的书卷里，不搀杂一些下贱的废料；是的，上天为我作证！啊，最恶毒的妇人！啊，*贼，*贼，脸上堆着笑的万恶的*贼！我的记事簿呢？我必须把它记下来；一个人可以尽管满面都是笑，骨子里却是杀人的*贼；至少我相信在丹麦是这样的。
一、单项选择题(本大题共24小题，每小题1分，共24分) 在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。 1．被马克思称之为“永久的规范和高不可及范本”的文学是（ ） A．古希腊文学 B．古罗马文学 C．文艺复兴文学 D．古典主义文学 2．古希腊人对特洛伊战争的起因所做的神话性解释是（ ） A．潘多拉的诅咒 B．不和的金苹果 C．诸神争当神王 D．诸神争当雅典城的保护神 3．中世纪城市文学的代表作是（ ） A．《神曲》 B．《罗兰之歌》 C．《列那狐传奇》 D．《伊戈尔远征记》 4．文艺复兴时期，法国最有代表性的小说是（ ） A．《堂·吉诃德》 B．《巨人传》 C．《坎特伯雷故事集》 D．《老实人》 5．英国文艺复兴戏剧的创始人是（ ） A．莎士比亚 B．本·琼生 C．马洛 D．乔叟 6．英国革命诗人弥尔顿在《失乐园》中塑造的反抗者形象是（ ） A．亚当 B．夏娃 C．撒旦 D．参孙 7．代表18世纪英国现实主义小说最高成就的作品是（ ） A．《鲁滨逊飘流记》 B．《格列佛游记》 C．《汤姆·琼斯》 D．《感伤的旅行》 8．被称为“浪漫主义运动之父”的法国启蒙作家是（ ） A．伏尔泰 B．卢梭 C．狄德罗 D．孟德斯鸠 9．俄国文学中第一个“多余人”的形象是（ ） A．毕巧林 B．罗亭 C．奥涅金 D．奥勃罗摩夫 10．长篇小说《红字》的作者是（ ） A．霍桑 B．华盛顿·欧文 C．库柏 D．爱伦·坡 11．俄国批判现实主义文学流派的别称是（ ） A．“白桦派” B．“自然派” C．“旅美派” D．“唯美派” 12．法国批判现实主义文学的开山之作是（ ） A．《红与黑》 B．《高老头》 C．《红与白》 D．《巴马修道院》 13．创造了“自由诗体”的美国浪漫主义诗人是（ ） A．爱默生 B．马克·吐温 C．惠特曼 D．威廉·豪威尔斯 14．屠格涅夫在《前夜》中塑造的保加利亚革命者形象是（ ） A．叶琳娜 B．拉夫列茨基 C．罗普霍夫 D．英沙罗夫 15．法捷耶夫在卫国战争期间创作的表现革命英雄主义的著名作品是（ ） A．《青年近卫军》 B．《日日夜夜》 C．《前线》 D．《瓦西里·焦尔金》 16．1958年，因小说《日瓦戈医生》而获诺贝尔文学奖的苏联作家是（ ） A．肖洛霍夫 B．索尔仁尼琴 C．帕斯捷尔纳克 D．艾特玛托夫 17．英国小说家毛姆以一位法国印象派画家为原型创作了小说《月亮和六便士》，其主人公原型是（ ） A．莫奈 B．高更 C．塞尚 D．德加 18．美国作家杰克·伦敦开创美国文学中美国梦幻灭题材先河的自传体小说是（ ） A．《铁蹄》 B．《美国的悲剧》 C．《马丁·伊登》 D．《幻灭》 19．卡夫卡以格里高尔·萨姆沙为主人公的小说是（ ） A．《在流放地》 B．《判决》 C．《饥饿艺术家》 D．《变形记》 20．印度古代杰出诗人迦梨陀娑的戏剧代表作是（ ） A．《云使》 B．《优哩婆湿》 C．《沙恭达罗》 D．《时令之环》 21．波斯文学史上的“诗歌之父”是（ ） A．哈菲兹 B．内扎米 C．萨迪
自学考试英语学习方法：需要平时积累单词及语法词汇、多做真题、多做模拟练习题、还有要有周期性的多做几篇同一套试卷。 自考英语本科要考哪些科目？ 1.自考本科英语专业必考课程：高级英语（一）、高级英语（二）、翻译、英语语言学、英语词汇学、英语高级听力、英美报刊选读、英国文学选读、美国文学选读、英语论文写作、中学英语教学法（小教）、外语教学心理学、毕业论文。 2.自考本科英语专业选考课程：第二外语（日语）、第二外语（法语）、英语（一）。 3.自考本科英语专业加考课程：基础英语（一）、基础英语（二）、基础英语（三）、英语阅读（一）、英语听力、英语口语。 4.必考课程是考生必须考的课程，选考课程考生可以从中任选择一门，加考课程非英语、中英文秘书、英语教育专业专科毕业生可直接报考本专业；其它专业考生都需要加考。 自学考试英语复习技巧 自考以自学的方式为主，那么怎么学习英语才能得高分呢，英语考试的重点在于语法，而且英语考的是平时积累，积累词汇对提升英语考试很重要的。 1、在复习的同时还需要积累一些课外知识，能提高阅读理解解题能力; 2、同时要多做真题，真题的含金量很大，考生可以通过历年真题官网报道，考试重点和题型分布。 3、对于以前做过的题目，不妨回头再做，有的题隔一段时间再做，可以加强复习效果。 4、另外在做真题的同时，还要选择一些适合的模拟题来做，通过做题要掌握解题技巧，摸清出题思路，达到熟能生巧。自考/成考有疑问、不知道如何总结自考/成考考点内容、不清楚自考/成考报名当地政策，点击底部咨询官网，免费领取复习资料：
教材是必须要看的 结合着教辅书 也要练习做题
自考主要是以书为主的，所以书很重要。