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自考美国文学选读教程

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自考美国文学选读教程

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自考美国文学选读教程

课程代码 课程名称 使用教材 作者 出版社 版次8469 高级英语(一)(B) 新编英语教程(5册) 李观仪 上海外语教育出版社 2003.38470 高级英语(二)(B) 新编英语教程(5、6册) 李观仪 上海外语教育出版社 2004.18266 翻译 翻译新概念 英汉互译实用教程 宋天锡 国防工业出版社 2008重印第四版8268 英语词汇学(英文) 现代英语词汇学概论 张韵裴 北京师范大学出版社 20048269 英语语言学(英文) 新编简明英语语言学教程 戴炜栋、何兆熊 上海外语教育出版社 2002年7月第1版8475 英美报刊选读 英美报刊阅读教程 端木义万 南京大学出版社 第二版8476 英国文学选读 英国文学史及选读(1、2册) 吴伟仁 外语教学与研究出版社 19888478 英语论文写作 英语写作手册 丁往道等 外语教学与研究 1994.6第二版8477 美国文学选读 美国文学史及选读(第一、二册) 吴伟仁 外语教学与研究出版社 19908479 中学英语教学法 英语教学法基础 何广铿 暨南大学出版社 20018480 外语教学心理学 外语教学心理学 朱纯 上海外语教育出版社 1994.98473 第二外语(日语)(B) 《中日交流标准日本语》初级上、下册 人民教育/日本光村 人民教育/日本光村合作出版 19888474 第二外语(法语) 简明法语教程(上下册) 孙辉 商务印书馆 0012 英语(一) 大学英语自学教程(上册) 高 远 高等教育出版社 1999年版8447 基础英语(一)(B) 新编英语教程[修订本](1、2册) 李观仪 上海外语教育出版社 19988448 基础英语(二)(B) 新编英语教程[修订本](3册) 李观仪 上海外语教育出版社 19998449 基础英语(三)(B) 新编英语教程[修订本](4册) 李观仪 上海外语教育出版社 19998450 英语阅读 新编英语阅读教程(1-3册) 王守仁.赵文书 上海外语教育出版社

我的方法是建立一个树枝结构。复习开始时面对的最大困惑是东西太多,无从下手,而且更糟是前背后忘记,忘得比背得快,简直是没天理,花下去的时间精力似乎打了水漂。当然要让每个作家都能象对Shakespeare一样一听就有个大概印象,没有充足广泛阅读量是无法做到的。既然太深一下子沉不到海底,我索性浮起来从面上抓,我的树枝结构应运而生。可以说书前的目录就是主树杆,每个时期是树枝,每个作家便是树叉,单是这样还是很抽像很难记,加上不同的"色彩形状的叶子",开始不用很多,节选作品,称号(e.g. the father of ..... or the Poet's Poet),相关术语(Whitman-free verse, Emerson-trascandentalism),正是这些"叶子"使树叉有其独特之处,成为记忆的载体。这样我一下子把英美文学浓缩成二张卡片,在回家上班路上忙里偷闲时看一下,记一下,背一下。嗨,各位,这真得很有效噢,在很短时间内,我可以做出60%的选择题了,并将茫然无序的思路理清。Though my tree is still in winter, "if winter comes, can Spring be far behind?"。这也许可作为根基吧,但其巩固是在这棵树枝繁叶茂的过程中,基础巩固与细节化是相辅相承的。然后我准备了一份小册子,一页一位作家,每页再加上作家主要作品,风格,特点,作品情节,语言,人物描写,功献,第一或最后本作品,最成功作品,最....,通过你不断从课本中汲取,你的树会茁壮成长,并且由重点到细节,从记忆,熟悉,理解整个过程基本附合考纲要求,完美状态是直至差不多等于课本知识的涵盖量(这是共产主义状态,说实在的我没达到,真是革命尚未成功,同志还需努力)。英美文学是综合学科,要通过或考好,是需要日常对英美历史背景熟悉,对大量著作的阅读,研究体会的。死记硬背真的只是应付考试的,原始而无意义手段,而且对来年的考题是没办法应付的噢!以下还有一些小窍门,希望有帮助:1.先复习美国文学,后英国文学;2.美国文学可先从现实主义阶段开始,英国文学可先从维多利亚阶段开始;3.去年考过题还会再考;4.诗中解释较多的话,找那些能反映主题的解释多背背;明年多半是课本没有的解释了,考你的对诗理解程度了,5。对各阶段时期特征多花功夫复习;6.明年的理解题,综合题,比较题必然多,例如:1.二个阶段思想,风格比较,举例说明;2.描述一个阶段思想,风格特点,举例说明;3.比较二个同一,不同阶段诗人,剧作家,小说家,举其作品说明;刁钻复杂的题人人都可猜,我并非想例出一点希奇古怪的题扰乱你们的思路。这次四月考试,我是充满信心拿高分,对每位作家或诗人我都仔细复习到了,但题目仍是出乎我意料之外,我觉得不公平是题型已不是去年直白而水平的出题方式,是一种纵向综合题型。我想提醒明年要参加考试的同学,决不要把每个作家或时期独立复习,如果可能的话,在对每位作家或时期有一定熟悉的程度,作一点纵向的比较,不但能加深理解,对你们明年考试决对有帮助,不,是贡献。坦白的说,这次考试当天上午,我脑海种几次想到应看一下各个时期的异同点,这是我的薄弱环节,但我仍按常理将重点放在几位重要作家写作风格的复习上了。如果明年你是第一次考英美文学,那就别满足于对各位作家的了解,如果明年你又要参加考试,也许猜一点比今年更难的题目,才能应付自如。在英美文学上我真花很大功夫和精力(与其它的十几门课相比),开始时期我确实感到无从下手,复习得很慢很仔细但效率不高。我在这里介绍我的学习方法,只想给以后考试的同学一些提示吧!必竟是我亲身感受和经历的,希望大家能少走一些弯路。在我开始自己的树枝结构的复习方法后,我的学习效率大大提高,那是一种直接,明确,层次分明,直达中心的感觉,我不知谁是否有过同感--课本变薄--确实一种美妙感觉,那天起我便有信心通过英美文学。树枝结构如同将不同时期分成几格抽屉,复习每位作家时就象理衣服一样将它们各就其位,而每格抽屉与其中的衣服都有其共有的独特风格,(eg. English romantic period is an age of poetry, so there are 6 poets introduced here, and natue and freedom are main concerns of theirs)。 这样就不会象一开始,对每件衣服都细细打理,一旦回头发觉身后堆了一地衣服,仍然茫然不知所措。(我曾将英国文学前二个时期来回复习二遍,恼火是进度极慢而能熟记住的东西不多,后然发觉这二个时期是最次要两个阶段。)这也是我为什么建议大家先看维多利亚时期的原因之一,将头脑清醒比较有耐心的阶段留给重点。

自考美国文学选读

英美文学选读这门课程学习比较困难,要记忆和理解的知识很多,学好这门课的关键是要注重以下几个问题。 首先,要注意细节。文学新颁布了考试大纲,明确规定了考核目标。凡是考核目标范围内的作家,一定要仔细阅读,直到能说出以下几个内容才能继续向后复习:1)他的主要作品是什么?2)他的写作主题是什么?3)他的写作风格是什么?4)他是不是这个时代的代表性作家,如果是,那么出大答题的可能性存在不存在?如果这几个问题都能很明确地说出来了,那么考试通过的日子就不远了。 其次,复习一定要有章法。有些同学对细节归纳不够,另外一些同学细节背得还可以,但语言表述能力不行。前一种同学,前面的四十分选择题做的就不理想,后面还有节选题,就更不好办了。后一种同学记得住细节,但是拼写语法错误多,看出来是什么作家了,就是写不对,这么丢分十分遗憾。对于这样的同学,我觉得规定每周看书的进度十分重要,比如4月1日到4月3日,准备复习英国文艺复兴部分,你可以每天上午先把书上的细节看一遍,对内容有一个大致的了解。下午的时候专门背大答题,细节也顾到了,大答题的表述内容记清了,进度控制住了,效率自然就提高了。 还有就是一定要读作家评述后面的节选。有的考生只读关于作家和文学流派的介绍,不读教材中节选的引文,这样做是很危险的。试卷中有从教材里选出引文,要求考生回答作家的名字,作品的题目和对引文的理解。其实这些考生不是不想读后面的引文,而是没有学会阅读的方法。要想读懂后面的选文,关键是了解文学课本的写作特点。你得先弄清楚作家的创作主题和思想(这一部分通常是写在作家评述部分中)然后顺着创作主题到选文中寻找和这些创作思想相符的句子(选文登在后面,和创作主体部分经常是脱节的)这样做才能既少看,还不遗漏内容。比如惠特曼的诗歌,自我之歌的主题是“歌颂个人主义,自由和平等”,用第一人称手法把诗人的思想和大众的思想联系起来,歌颂一个自由的美国。而书后节选中的song of myself中的第一诗节就体现了这种主题: I celebrate myself and I sing myself。(这句话说的是自由和个人主义),Every atom belonging to me as good belong to you。(这句话说得的诗人希望把自己的思想和大众的思想进行联系),很显然,每一个美国人都把歌颂自己变成一个座右铭,一个人人歌颂自由的国度也就必然是一个歌颂自由的国度。总之,一定要前后联系的看节选,先找到主题,再读节选。最后就是大答题不能死记硬背,得想点办法,加快记忆效率。比如背雪莱的西风颂,那么一大段怎么背呀?最简单的办法就是先把中文的大意背下来,再抓住关键字,回想英语的内容是什么。你可以这么背:“西风是雪莱的形象(image),西风是建设和摧毁的力量(constructive and destructive potential),西风是无处不在的力量(universality),用自然神祈祷希望和复生(primitive deity for hope and rebirth)”抓住了关键字,内容不就明确了吗?还有就是要找到作家之间,英美之间的一些相似性,这样对背诵也很有好处。比如课文中谈到托马斯哈代的自然主义时曾有过“性格即命运,环境即命运”的说法,在美国部分讨论德莱塞德自然主义时也有类似的内容,这个时候就要先背好托马斯哈代部分的内容,只有前面的内容背好了,后面的内容才有可能快速掠过,提高学习效率。类似的情况还出现在:狄更斯的创作主题和肖伯纳的创作主题之间有一些关键字是相似的(都谈到了谴责社会虚伪,不公和腐败),英国现代文学创作特点和美国文学创作特点(都提到了from public to private, from chronological to psychic, from objective to subjective)。很多来新东方上课的同学其实开始英语水平都不太高,对文学也很头疼。但是找到了记忆方法之后,反而觉得文学很有意思,最后不仅考出了高分,还喜欢上了文学。这就全在学习方法了。总之,不能一句话一句话的“精读”,时间来不及,考试的时候未必记得住。耽误了时间,延迟了效率,得不偿失。考试大收集整理。

其实英美文学不是太难,只要按考纲来记就OK了,其实很多作家不需要记太多的,只要把一些相对来说比较有名的作家的作品和生平记一下就差不多了。还有,现代时期的作家,在答题的时候就多说一些什么现代主义啊,现实主义啊,等等。

Chapter 3 The Modern Period Ⅰ。本章学习目的和要求 通过本章的学习,了解20世纪初期至中叶美国现代文学产生 的历史、文化背景,认识该时期文学创作的基本特征、基本主张,及其对当代美国文学发展的影响;了解该时期主要作家的文学生涯、创作意图、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画和语言风格等;同时结合注释,读懂所选作品,了解其思想内容和写作特色,培养理解和欣赏文学作品的能力。 Ⅱ。本章重点及难点 1. 美国现代文学的特征 2. 主要作家的创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画和语言风格 3. 名词解释:“迷惘的一代”,意象派诗歌,象征主义,表现主义,意识流 4. 选读作品的主题结构、艺术特色、人物刻画和语言风格 Ⅲ。 考核知识点和考核要求 (一)现代时期美国文学概述 1. 识记: A.两次世界大战期间美国文学产生的历史及文化背景 (1)两次世界大战 (2)移居国外的美国人 (3)马克思主义理论和弗洛伊德学说 (4)欧洲现代派艺术 B.战后美国文学产生的历史及文化背景 2. 领会: A. 两次世界大战期间的美国文学 (1)诗歌:意象派诗人;象征主义 (2)小说;“迷恫的一代” (3)戏剧:表现主义 B.战后美国文学 (1)诗歌:“垮掉的一代”等 (2)小说:黑人小说、*人小说、实验小说(荒诞派 小说)等 (3)美国现代文学多元化的现象 C.美国现代文学写作手法的创新 3.应用 A.名词解释:“迷惘的一代”,意象派诗歌,象征主义,表现主义,意识流 B.“荒原”意识在美国20世纪文学中的反映 C.分析选读作品的主题结构、艺术特色、人物刻画和语言风格 (二)美国现代时期的主要作家 A.埃兹拉。庞德 1.一般识记:庞德的生平和创作生涯 2.识记:庞德的诗歌 (1)短诗:《地铁站一瞥》 (2)长诗:《诗章》 3. 领会: (1)庞德与意象主义 (2)庞德与中国文化 (3)庞德的诗歌理论及艺术特色 4.应用:《地铁站一瞥》《盟约》《河商的妻子》:主题、意象、语言 B.罗伯特。弗洛斯特 1.一般识记:弗洛斯特的生平及创作生涯 2.识记:弗洛斯特的诗歌:田园诗;自然诗 3.领会: (1)弗洛斯特诗歌的艺术特色 (2)弗洛斯特的诗论 4.应用: (1) 弗洛斯特的自然诗 (2)《摘苹果后》《未选择的路》《雪夜停马在林边》:主题、 象征与比喻、语言 C.尤金。奥尼尔 1.一般识记:奥尼尔的生平及创作生涯 2.识记:奥尼尔的戏剧 (1)早期作品:独幕剧;多幕剧《天外边》 (2)中期作品:《琼斯皇帝》《伟大之神布朗》《毛猿》 ——表现主义和象征主义的力作 (3)后期作品:《直到夜晚的漫长一天》 一 自传体戏剧 剧 3.领会: (1)奥尼尔戏剧的悲观主义和神秘主义色彩 (2)奥尼尔戏剧的艺术特色 4.应用:选读《毛猿》第八场:主题结构、表现主义和象征主义手 法、语言特色 D.司各特。菲兹杰拉德 1.一般识记:菲兹杰拉德的生平及创作生涯 2.识记: (1)菲兹杰拉德与“爵士时代” (2)主要作品:短篇小说集:《爵士时代的故事》 中、长篇小说:《人间天堂》《了不起的盖茨比》《夜色温柔》《最后一个巨头》 3.领会: (1)《了不起的盖茨比》与“美国梦” (2)菲兹杰拉德的小说艺术 4.应用:《了不起的盖茨比》第三章:主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格 E.欧内斯特。海明威 1.一般识记:海明威的生平及创作生涯 2.识记:海明威的主要作品 (1)短篇小说集:《在我们的时代里》-一涅克的故事 (2)长篇小说:《太阳照样升起》《永别了,武器》《丧钟为谁而鸣》《老人与海》 3.领会:海明威与“迷惘的一代” 4.应用: (1)海明威小说的艺术特色:“硬汉”形象、“重压下的风 度”、“冰山”原则等 (2)《在我们的时代里》选篇:主题结构、人物刻画、语言 风格 F.威廉。福克纳 1.一般识记: 福克纳的生平及创作生涯 2.识记: (l)福克纳的主要作品:中、短篇小说:《给艾米莉小姐的玫瑰》《老人》《熊》等;长篇小说:《喧嚣与骚动》 《八月之光》《我弥留之际》《押沙龙,押沙龙!》 (2)福克纳的“约克纳帕塔法”神话王国 3.领会: (1)福克纳小说的艺术特色:“意识流”、“内心独白”、“时序颠倒”、“对位式结构”、“象征隐喻”等 (2)福克纳的文体 (3)福克纳与美国南方文学 4.应用:《给艾米莉小姐的玫瑰》:主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格

下篇:美国文学 第一章美国浪漫主义时期 一、美国浪漫主义时期概述 Ⅰ。本章学习目的和要求 通过本章学习,了解19世纪初期至中叶美国文学产生的历史、文化背景;认识该时期文学创作的基本待征、基本主张,及其对同时代和后期美国文学的影响;了解该时期主要作家的文学创作生涯、创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题思想、人物刻画、语言风格等;同时结合注释,读懂所选作品并了解其思想内容和艺术特色,培养理解和欣赏文学作品的能力。 Ⅱ。本章重点及难点: 1.浪漫主义时期美国文学的特点 2.主要作家的创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、思想意义。 3.分析讨论选读作品 Ⅲ。本章考核知识点和考核要求: 1.美国浪漫主义时期概述 (1)“识记”内容:美国浪漫主义文学产生的社会历史及文化背景 (2)“领会”内容: 美国浪漫主义在文学上的表现 a.欧洲浪漫主义文学的影响 b.美国本土文学的崛起及其待证 (3)“应用”内容:清教主义、超验主义、象征主义、自由诗等名词的解释 2.美国浪漫主义时期的主要作家 A.华盛顿。欧文 1.一般识记:欧文的生平及创作主涯 2.识记:《纽约外史》《见闻札记》 3.领会:欧文的创作领域、创作思想,及其作品的艺术风格 4.应用:选读《瑞普。凡。温可尔》的主题及其艺术特色 B.拉尔夫.华尔多.爱默生 1.一般识记:爱默生的生平及创作生涯 2.识记:爱默生的超验主义思想 3.领会: (1)爱默生的散文:《论自然》《论自助》《论美国学者》等 (2)爱默生与梭罗:梭罗的超验主义思想和他的《沃尔登》 4. 应用:《论自然》节选:爱默生的基本哲 学思想及自然观 C.纳撒尼尔。霍桑 1.一般识记:霍桑的生平及创作主涯 2.识记:霍桑的长短篇小说 3.领会: (1)《红字》的主题、心理描写、象征手法和、小说结构 (2)霍桑的清教主义思想及加尔文教条中的“原罪”对霍桑的影响(人性本恶的观点) (3)霍桑对浪漫主义小说的贡献 4.应用:选读《小伙子布朗》的主题结构、象征手法及语言特色 D.华尔特。惠特曼 1.一般识记:惠特曼的生平及其创作生涯 2.识记:惠特曼的民主思想 3.领会: (1)惠特曼的《草叶集》的主创意图、思想感情及诗体形式、语言风格 (2)惠特曼的个人主义 4.应用:选读《草叶集》诗选:“一个孩子的成长”、“涉水的骑兵”、“自己之歌”的主题结构、诗歌的艺术特色、语言风格 E.赫尔曼。麦尔维尔 1.一般识记:麦尔维尔的生平及创作生涯 2.识记:麦尔维尔的早期作品:《玛地》《雷得本》《白外衣》,后期作品《皮埃尔》《骗子的化装表演》《比利伯德》等 3.领会:《白鲸》的 (1)主题:表层及深层意义 (2)小说结构:浪漫主义和现实主义的统一 (3)象征手法和寓言的运用 (4)语言特色 4.应用:选读《白鲸》最后一章的节选:主题思想、人物刻画、象征手法、语言特色 Chapter l The Romantic Period (一)“识记”内容: 1.The origin of Romantic American literature The Romantic Period, one of the most important periods in thehistory of American literature, stretches from the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil War. It started with the publication of Washington Irving’s The Sketch Book and ended with Whitman’s Leaves of Grass. 2.The American Renaissance or New England Renaissance is a period of the great flowering of American literature, from the i830s roughly until the end of the American Civil War. It came of age as an expression of a national spirit. One of the most important influences in the period was that of the Transcendentalists, including Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau. The Transcendentalists contributed to the founding of a new national culture based on native elements. Apart from the Transcendentalists, there emerged during this period great imaginative writers ——Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, and Walt Whitman——whose novels and poetry left a permanent imprint on American literature. 3.Its social historical and cultural background The development of the American society nurtured "the literature of a great nation." America was flourishing into a politically, economically and culturally independent country. Historically, it was the time of westward expansion in America economically, the whole nation was experiencing an industrial transformation. Politically, democracy and equa1ity became the ideal of the new nation, and the two-party system came into being. Worthy of mention is the literary and cultural life of the country. With the founding of the American Independent Government, the nation felt an urge to have its own literary expression, to make known its new experience that other nations did not have: the early Puritan settlement, the confrontation with the Indians, the frontiersmen''''''''s life, and the wild west. Besides, the nation’s literary milieu was ready for the Romantic movement as we11. Thus, with a strong sense of optimism, a spectacular outburst of romantic feeling was brought about in the first ha1f of the 19th century. 4.Major writers of this period There emerged a great host of men of letters during this period, among whom the better-known are poets such as Philip Freneau, William Cullen Bryant, Henry Wordsworth Long Fellow, James Russel Lowell, John Greenleaf Whitter, Edgar Ellen Poe, and, especially, Walt Whitman, whose Leaves Of Grass established him as the most popular American poet of the 19th century. The fiction of the American Romantic period is an original and diverse body of work. It ranges from the comic fables of Washington Irving to the The Gothic tales of Edgar Allen Poe, from the frontier adventures of James Fenimore Cooper to the narrative quests of Herman Melville, from the psycho1ogical romances of Nathaniel Hawthorne to the social realism of Rebecca Harding Davis. (二)领会内容 1.The impact of European Romanticism on American Romanticism Foreign literary masters, especially the English counterparts exerted a stimulating impact on the writers of the new world. Born of one common cultural heritage, the American writers shared some common features with the English Romanticists. They revolted against the literary forms and ideas of the period of classicism by developing some relatively new forms of fiction or poetry. (1) They put emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature, which included a liking for the picturesque, the exotic, the sensuous, the sensational, and the supernatural. (2) The Americans also placed an increasing emphasis on the free expression of emotions and disp1ayed an increasing attention to the psychic states of their characters. Heroes and heroines exhibited extremes of sensitivity and excitement. (3) The strong tendency to exalt the individual and the common man was almost a national religion in America. Writers like Freneau, Bryant, and Cooper showed a great interest in external nature in their respective works. (4) The literary use of the more colorfu1 aspects of the past was also to be found in Irving’s effort to exploit the legends of the Hudson River region, and in Cooper’s long series of historical tales. (5) In short, American Romanticism is, in a certain way, derivative. 2.The unique characteristics of American Romanticism Although greatly influenced by their English counterparts, the American romantic writers revealed unique characteristics of their own in their works and they grew on the native lands. For examp1e,(1) the American national experience of "pioneering into the west" proved to be a rich source of material for American writers to draw upon. They celebrated America''''''''s landscape with its virgin forests, meadows, groves, endless prairies, streams, and vast oceans. The wilderness came to function almost as a dramatic character that symbolized moral 1aw. (2)The desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of American literature. Such a desire is particularly evident in Cooper’s Leather Stocking Tales, in Thoreau''''''''s Walden and, later, in Mark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. (3) With the growth of American national consciousness, American character types speaking local dialects appeared in poetry and fiction with increasing frequency. (4) Then the American Puritanism as a cultural heritage exerted great influences over American moral values and American Romanticism. One of the manifestations is the fact that American romantic writers tended more to moralize than their English and European counterparts. (5) Besides, a preoccupation with the Calvinistic view of origina1 sin and the mystery of evil marked the works of Hawthorne, Melville and a host of lesser writers. (三)应用内容 1. The American Puritanism and its great influence over American moral values, as is shown in American romantic writings. (1) American Puritanism Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the Puritans. (The Puritans were originally members of a division of the Protestant Church, who came into existence in the reigns Queen Elizabeth and King James Ⅰ。The first settlers who became the founding fathers of the American nation were quite a few of them Puritans. They came to America out of various reasons, but it should be remembered that they were a group of serious, religious people, advocating highly religious and moral principles. As the word itself hints, Puritans wanted to purify their religious beliefs and practices. They felt that the Church of England was too close to the Church of Rome in doctrine form of worship, and organization of authority.) The American Puritans, like their brothers back in England, were idealists, believing that the church should be restored to complete "purity". They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God. But in the grim struggle for survival that followed immediately after their arrival in America, they became more and more practical, as indeed they had to be. Puritans were noted for a spirit of moral and religious earnestness that determinated their whole way of life. Puritans'''''''' lives were extremely disciplined and hard. They drove out of their settlements all those opinions that seemed dangerous to them, and history has criticized their actions. Yet in the persecution of what they considered error, the Puritans were no worse than many other movements in history. As a culture heritage, Puritanism did have a profound influence on the early American mind and American values. American Puritanism also had a conspicuously noticeable and an enduring influence on American literature. It had become, to some extent, so much a state of mind, so much a part of the national cultural atmosphere, rather than a set of tenets. (2) One of the manifestations is the fact that American romantic writers tended more to moralize than their English and European counterparts. Besides, a preoccupation with the Calvinistic view of origina1 sin and the mystery of evil marked the works of Hawthorne, Melville and a host of lesser writers. 2. New England Transcendentalism New England Transcendentalism is the mot clearly defined Romantic literary movement in this period. It was started in the area around Concord, Mass. by a group of intellectual and the literary men of the United States such as Emerson, Henry David Thoreau who were members of an informal club, i. e. the Transcendental Club in New England in the l830s. The transcendentalists reacted against the cold, rigid rationalism of Unitarianism in Boston. They adhered to an idealistic system of thought based on a belief in the essential unity of all creation , the innate goodness of man, and the supremacy of insight over logic and experience for the revelation of the deepest truths. The writings of the transcendentalists prepared the ground of their contemporaries such as Walt Whitman, Herman Melville, and Nathaniel Hawthorne. The main issues involved in the debate were generally philosophical, concerning nature, man and the universe. Basically, Transcendentalism has been defined philosophical1y as "the recognition in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively, or of attaining knowledge transcending the reach of the senses." Emerson once proclaimed in a speech, "Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind." Other concepts that accompanied Transcendentalism inc1ude the idea that nature is ennobling and the idea that the individual is divine and, therefore, self-re1iant. 3. American Romanticists differed in their understanding of human nature. To the transcendentalists such as Emerson and Thoreau, man is divine in nature and therefore forever perfectible; but to Hawthorne and Melville, everybody is potentially a sinner, and great moral courage is therefore indispensab1e for the improvement of human nature, as is shown in Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter.

自考英国文学选读教程

教材:简明英国文学史 (刘意青 刘炅 外研社)美国文学简史 (常耀信 南开大学出版社)英国文学选读 (高等教育出版社)美国文学选读 (高等教育出版社)文学批评方法手册 第4版(外研社)英美短篇小说 (南京大学出版社)文学术语词典 (北京大学出版社)英语短篇小说常识与名作研读(上海交通大学出版社)文学原理教程(外研社)英美诗歌选读(外研社)教材是供教学用的资料,如课本、讲义等。教材的定义有广义和狭义之分。广义的教材指课堂上和课堂外教师和学生使用的所有教学材料,比如课本、练习册、活动册、故事书等等。教师自己编写或设计的材料也可称之为教学材料。计算机网络上使用的学习材料也是教学材料。总之,广义的教材不一定是装订成册或正式出版的书本。凡是有利于学习者增长知识或发展技能的材料都可称之为教材。狭义的教材即教科书。教科书是一个课程的核心教学材料。教科书除学生用书外,几乎无一例外地配有教师用书,很多还配有练习册、活动册以及配套读物、音像带等等。

英美国家概况,英国文学史,美国文学史。

有专门的一本书就叫英美文学选读,我们系用的就是这个

课程代码 课程名称 使用教材 作者 出版社 版次8469 高级英语(一)(B) 新编英语教程(5册) 李观仪 上海外语教育出版社 2003.38470 高级英语(二)(B) 新编英语教程(5、6册) 李观仪 上海外语教育出版社 2004.18266 翻译 翻译新概念 英汉互译实用教程 宋天锡 国防工业出版社 2008重印第四版8268 英语词汇学(英文) 现代英语词汇学概论 张韵裴 北京师范大学出版社 20048269 英语语言学(英文) 新编简明英语语言学教程 戴炜栋、何兆熊 上海外语教育出版社 2002年7月第1版8475 英美报刊选读 英美报刊阅读教程 端木义万 南京大学出版社 第二版8476 英国文学选读 英国文学史及选读(1、2册) 吴伟仁 外语教学与研究出版社 19888478 英语论文写作 英语写作手册 丁往道等 外语教学与研究 1994.6第二版8477 美国文学选读 美国文学史及选读(第一、二册) 吴伟仁 外语教学与研究出版社 19908479 中学英语教学法 英语教学法基础 何广铿 暨南大学出版社 20018480 外语教学心理学 外语教学心理学 朱纯 上海外语教育出版社 1994.98473 第二外语(日语)(B) 《中日交流标准日本语》初级上、下册 人民教育/日本光村 人民教育/日本光村合作出版 19888474 第二外语(法语) 简明法语教程(上下册) 孙辉 商务印书馆 0012 英语(一) 大学英语自学教程(上册) 高 远 高等教育出版社 1999年版8447 基础英语(一)(B) 新编英语教程[修订本](1、2册) 李观仪 上海外语教育出版社 19988448 基础英语(二)(B) 新编英语教程[修订本](3册) 李观仪 上海外语教育出版社 19998449 基础英语(三)(B) 新编英语教程[修订本](4册) 李观仪 上海外语教育出版社 19998450 英语阅读 新编英语阅读教程(1-3册) 王守仁.赵文书 上海外语教育出版社

自学考试英美文学选读教程

英美文学选读这门课程学习比较困难,要记忆和理解的知识很多,学好这门课的关键是要注重以下几个问题。 首先,要注意细节。文学新颁布了考试大纲,明确规定了考核目标。凡是考核目标范围内的作家,一定要仔细阅读,直到能说出以下几个内容才能继续向后复习:1)他的主要作品是什么?2)他的写作主题是什么?3)他的写作风格是什么?4)他是不是这个时代的代表性作家,如果是,那么出大答题的可能性存在不存在?如果这几个问题都能很明确地说出来了,那么考试通过的日子就不远了。 其次,复习一定要有章法。有些同学对细节归纳不够,另外一些同学细节背得还可以,但语言表述能力不行。前一种同学,前面的四十分选择题做的就不理想,后面还有节选题,就更不好办了。后一种同学记得住细节,但是拼写语法错误多,看出来是什么作家了,就是写不对,这么丢分十分遗憾。对于这样的同学,我觉得规定每周看书的进度十分重要,比如4月1日到4月3日,准备复习英国文艺复兴部分,你可以每天上午先把书上的细节看一遍,对内容有一个大致的了解。下午的时候专门背大答题,细节也顾到了,大答题的表述内容记清了,进度控制住了,效率自然就提高了。 还有就是一定要读作家评述后面的节选。有的考生只读关于作家和文学流派的介绍,不读教材中节选的引文,这样做是很危险的。试卷中有从教材里选出引文,要求考生回答作家的名字,作品的题目和对引文的理解。其实这些考生不是不想读后面的引文,而是没有学会阅读的方法。要想读懂后面的选文,关键是了解文学课本的写作特点。你得先弄清楚作家的创作主题和思想(这一部分通常是写在作家评述部分中)然后顺着创作主题到选文中寻找和这些创作思想相符的句子(选文登在后面,和创作主体部分经常是脱节的)这样做才能既少看,还不遗漏内容。比如惠特曼的诗歌,自我之歌的主题是“歌颂个人主义,自由和平等”,用第一人称手法把诗人的思想和大众的思想联系起来,歌颂一个自由的美国。而书后节选中的song of myself中的第一诗节就体现了这种主题: I celebrate myself and I sing myself。(这句话说的是自由和个人主义),Every atom belonging to me as good belong to you。(这句话说得的诗人希望把自己的思想和大众的思想进行联系),很显然,每一个美国人都把歌颂自己变成一个座右铭,一个人人歌颂自由的国度也就必然是一个歌颂自由的国度。总之,一定要前后联系的看节选,先找到主题,再读节选。最后就是大答题不能死记硬背,得想点办法,加快记忆效率。比如背雪莱的西风颂,那么一大段怎么背呀?最简单的办法就是先把中文的大意背下来,再抓住关键字,回想英语的内容是什么。你可以这么背:“西风是雪莱的形象(image),西风是建设和摧毁的力量(constructive and destructive potential),西风是无处不在的力量(universality),用自然神祈祷希望和复生(primitive deity for hope and rebirth)”抓住了关键字,内容不就明确了吗?还有就是要找到作家之间,英美之间的一些相似性,这样对背诵也很有好处。比如课文中谈到托马斯哈代的自然主义时曾有过“性格即命运,环境即命运”的说法,在美国部分讨论德莱塞德自然主义时也有类似的内容,这个时候就要先背好托马斯哈代部分的内容,只有前面的内容背好了,后面的内容才有可能快速掠过,提高学习效率。类似的情况还出现在:狄更斯的创作主题和肖伯纳的创作主题之间有一些关键字是相似的(都谈到了谴责社会虚伪,不公和腐败),英国现代文学创作特点和美国文学创作特点(都提到了from public to private, from chronological to psychic, from objective to subjective)。很多来新东方上课的同学其实开始英语水平都不太高,对文学也很头疼。但是找到了记忆方法之后,反而觉得文学很有意思,最后不仅考出了高分,还喜欢上了文学。这就全在学习方法了。总之,不能一句话一句话的“精读”,时间来不及,考试的时候未必记得住。耽误了时间,延迟了效率,得不偿失。考试大收集整理。

首先,要注意细节。文学新颁布了考试大纲,明确规定了考核目标。凡是考核目标范围内的作家,一定要仔细阅读,直到能说出以下几个内容才能继续向后复习:1)他的主要作品是什么?2)他的写作主题是什么?3)他的写作风格是什么?4)他是不是这个时代的代表性作家,如果是,那么出大答题的可能性存在不存在?如果这几个问题都能很明确地说出来了,那么考试通过的日子就不远了。 其次,复习一定要有章法。有些同学对细节归纳不够,另外一些同学细节背得还可以,但语言表述能力不行。前一种同学,前面的四十分选择题做的就不理想,后面还有节选题,就更不好办了。后一种同学记得住细节,但是拼写语法错误多,看出来是什么作家了,就是写不对,这么丢分十分遗憾。对于这样的同学,我觉得规定每周看书的进度十分重要,比如4月1日到4月3日,准备复习英国文艺复兴部分,你可以每天上午先把书上的细节看一遍,对内容有一个大致的了解。下午的时候专门背大答题,细节也顾到了,大答题的表述内容记清了,进度控制住了,效率自然就提高了。 还有就是一定要读作家评述后面的节选。有的考生只读关于作家和文学流派的介绍,不读教材中节选的引文,这样做是很危险的。试卷中有从教材里选出引文,要求考生回答作家的名字,作品的题目和对引文的理解。其实这些考生不是不想读后面的引文,而是没有学会阅读的方法。要想读懂后面的选文,关键是了解文学课本的写作特点。你得先弄清楚作家的创作主题和思想(这一部分通常是写在作家评述部分中)然后顺着创作主题到选文中寻找和这些创作思想相符的句子(选文登在后面,和创作主体部分经常是脱节的)这样做才能既少看,还不遗漏内容。比如惠特曼的诗歌,自我之歌的主题是“歌颂个人主义,自由和平等”,用第一人称手法把诗人的思想和大众的思想联系起来,歌颂一个自由的美国。而书后节选中的song of myself中的第一诗节就体现了这种主题: I celebrate myself and I sing myself。(这句话说的是自由和个人主义),Every atom belonging to me as good belong to you。(这句话说得的诗人希望把自己的思想和大众的思想进行联系),很显然,每一个美国人都把歌颂自己变成一个座右铭,一个人人歌颂自由的国度也就必然是一个歌颂自由的国度。总之,一定要前后联系的看节选,先找到主题,再读节选。最后就是大答题不能死记硬背,得想点办法,加快记忆效率。比如背雪莱的西风颂,那么一大段怎么背呀?最简单的办法就是先把中文的大意背下来,再抓住关键字,回想英语的内容是什么。你可以这么背:“西风是雪莱的形象(image),西风是建设和摧毁的力量(constructive and destructive potential),西风是无处不在的力量(universality),用自然神祈祷希望和复生(primitive deity for hope and rebirth)”抓住了关键字,内容不就明确了吗?还有就是要找到作家之间,英美之间的一些相似性,这样对背诵也很有好处。比如课文中谈到托马斯哈代的自然主义时曾有过“性格即命运,环境即命运”的说法,在美国部分讨论德莱塞德自然主义时也有类似的内容,这个时候就要先背好托马斯哈代部分的内容,只有前面的内容背好了,后面的内容才有可能快速掠过,提高学习效率。类似的情况还出现在:狄更斯的创作主题和肖伯纳的创作主题之间有一些关键字是相似的(都谈到了谴责社会虚伪,不公和腐败),英国现代文学创作特点和美国文学创作特点(都提到了from public to private, from chronological to psychic, from objective to subjective)。很多来新东方上课的同学其实开始英语水平都不太高,对文学也很头疼。但是找到了记忆方法之后,反而觉得文学很有意思,最后不仅考出了高分,还喜欢上了文学。这就全在学习方法了。总之,不能一句话一句话的“精读”,时间来不及,考试的时候未必记得住。耽误了时间,延迟了效率,得不偿失。考试大收集整理。

下篇:美国文学 第一章美国浪漫主义时期 一、美国浪漫主义时期概述 Ⅰ。本章学习目的和要求 通过本章学习,了解19世纪初期至中叶美国文学产生的历史、文化背景;认识该时期文学创作的基本待征、基本主张,及其对同时代和后期美国文学的影响;了解该时期主要作家的文学创作生涯、创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题思想、人物刻画、语言风格等;同时结合注释,读懂所选作品并了解其思想内容和艺术特色,培养理解和欣赏文学作品的能力。 Ⅱ。本章重点及难点: 1.浪漫主义时期美国文学的特点 2.主要作家的创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、思想意义。 3.分析讨论选读作品 Ⅲ。本章考核知识点和考核要求: 1.美国浪漫主义时期概述 (1)“识记”内容:美国浪漫主义文学产生的社会历史及文化背景 (2)“领会”内容: 美国浪漫主义在文学上的表现 a.欧洲浪漫主义文学的影响 b.美国本土文学的崛起及其待证 (3)“应用”内容:清教主义、超验主义、象征主义、自由诗等名词的解释 2.美国浪漫主义时期的主要作家 A.华盛顿。欧文 1.一般识记:欧文的生平及创作主涯 2.识记:《纽约外史》《见闻札记》 3.领会:欧文的创作领域、创作思想,及其作品的艺术风格 4.应用:选读《瑞普。凡。温可尔》的主题及其艺术特色 B.拉尔夫.华尔多.爱默生 1.一般识记:爱默生的生平及创作生涯 2.识记:爱默生的超验主义思想 3.领会: (1)爱默生的散文:《论自然》《论自助》《论美国学者》等 (2)爱默生与梭罗:梭罗的超验主义思想和他的《沃尔登》 4. 应用:《论自然》节选:爱默生的基本哲 学思想及自然观 C.纳撒尼尔。霍桑 1.一般识记:霍桑的生平及创作主涯 2.识记:霍桑的长短篇小说 3.领会: (1)《红字》的主题、心理描写、象征手法和、小说结构 (2)霍桑的清教主义思想及加尔文教条中的“原罪”对霍桑的影响(人性本恶的观点) (3)霍桑对浪漫主义小说的贡献 4.应用:选读《小伙子布朗》的主题结构、象征手法及语言特色 D.华尔特。惠特曼 1.一般识记:惠特曼的生平及其创作生涯 2.识记:惠特曼的民主思想 3.领会: (1)惠特曼的《草叶集》的主创意图、思想感情及诗体形式、语言风格 (2)惠特曼的个人主义 4.应用:选读《草叶集》诗选:“一个孩子的成长”、“涉水的骑兵”、“自己之歌”的主题结构、诗歌的艺术特色、语言风格 E.赫尔曼。麦尔维尔 1.一般识记:麦尔维尔的生平及创作生涯 2.识记:麦尔维尔的早期作品:《玛地》《雷得本》《白外衣》,后期作品《皮埃尔》《骗子的化装表演》《比利伯德》等 3.领会:《白鲸》的 (1)主题:表层及深层意义 (2)小说结构:浪漫主义和现实主义的统一 (3)象征手法和寓言的运用 (4)语言特色 4.应用:选读《白鲸》最后一章的节选:主题思想、人物刻画、象征手法、语言特色 Chapter l The Romantic Period (一)“识记”内容: 1.The origin of Romantic American literature The Romantic Period, one of the most important periods in thehistory of American literature, stretches from the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil War. It started with the publication of Washington Irving’s The Sketch Book and ended with Whitman’s Leaves of Grass. 2.The American Renaissance or New England Renaissance is a period of the great flowering of American literature, from the i830s roughly until the end of the American Civil War. It came of age as an expression of a national spirit. One of the most important influences in the period was that of the Transcendentalists, including Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau. The Transcendentalists contributed to the founding of a new national culture based on native elements. Apart from the Transcendentalists, there emerged during this period great imaginative writers ——Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, and Walt Whitman——whose novels and poetry left a permanent imprint on American literature. 3.Its social historical and cultural background The development of the American society nurtured "the literature of a great nation." America was flourishing into a politically, economically and culturally independent country. Historically, it was the time of westward expansion in America economically, the whole nation was experiencing an industrial transformation. Politically, democracy and equa1ity became the ideal of the new nation, and the two-party system came into being. Worthy of mention is the literary and cultural life of the country. With the founding of the American Independent Government, the nation felt an urge to have its own literary expression, to make known its new experience that other nations did not have: the early Puritan settlement, the confrontation with the Indians, the frontiersmen''''''''s life, and the wild west. Besides, the nation’s literary milieu was ready for the Romantic movement as we11. Thus, with a strong sense of optimism, a spectacular outburst of romantic feeling was brought about in the first ha1f of the 19th century. 4.Major writers of this period There emerged a great host of men of letters during this period, among whom the better-known are poets such as Philip Freneau, William Cullen Bryant, Henry Wordsworth Long Fellow, James Russel Lowell, John Greenleaf Whitter, Edgar Ellen Poe, and, especially, Walt Whitman, whose Leaves Of Grass established him as the most popular American poet of the 19th century. The fiction of the American Romantic period is an original and diverse body of work. It ranges from the comic fables of Washington Irving to the The Gothic tales of Edgar Allen Poe, from the frontier adventures of James Fenimore Cooper to the narrative quests of Herman Melville, from the psycho1ogical romances of Nathaniel Hawthorne to the social realism of Rebecca Harding Davis. (二)领会内容 1.The impact of European Romanticism on American Romanticism Foreign literary masters, especially the English counterparts exerted a stimulating impact on the writers of the new world. Born of one common cultural heritage, the American writers shared some common features with the English Romanticists. They revolted against the literary forms and ideas of the period of classicism by developing some relatively new forms of fiction or poetry. (1) They put emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature, which included a liking for the picturesque, the exotic, the sensuous, the sensational, and the supernatural. (2) The Americans also placed an increasing emphasis on the free expression of emotions and disp1ayed an increasing attention to the psychic states of their characters. Heroes and heroines exhibited extremes of sensitivity and excitement. (3) The strong tendency to exalt the individual and the common man was almost a national religion in America. Writers like Freneau, Bryant, and Cooper showed a great interest in external nature in their respective works. (4) The literary use of the more colorfu1 aspects of the past was also to be found in Irving’s effort to exploit the legends of the Hudson River region, and in Cooper’s long series of historical tales. (5) In short, American Romanticism is, in a certain way, derivative. 2.The unique characteristics of American Romanticism Although greatly influenced by their English counterparts, the American romantic writers revealed unique characteristics of their own in their works and they grew on the native lands. For examp1e,(1) the American national experience of "pioneering into the west" proved to be a rich source of material for American writers to draw upon. They celebrated America''''''''s landscape with its virgin forests, meadows, groves, endless prairies, streams, and vast oceans. The wilderness came to function almost as a dramatic character that symbolized moral 1aw. (2)The desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of American literature. Such a desire is particularly evident in Cooper’s Leather Stocking Tales, in Thoreau''''''''s Walden and, later, in Mark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. (3) With the growth of American national consciousness, American character types speaking local dialects appeared in poetry and fiction with increasing frequency. (4) Then the American Puritanism as a cultural heritage exerted great influences over American moral values and American Romanticism. One of the manifestations is the fact that American romantic writers tended more to moralize than their English and European counterparts. (5) Besides, a preoccupation with the Calvinistic view of origina1 sin and the mystery of evil marked the works of Hawthorne, Melville and a host of lesser writers. (三)应用内容 1. The American Puritanism and its great influence over American moral values, as is shown in American romantic writings. (1) American Puritanism Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the Puritans. (The Puritans were originally members of a division of the Protestant Church, who came into existence in the reigns Queen Elizabeth and King James Ⅰ。The first settlers who became the founding fathers of the American nation were quite a few of them Puritans. They came to America out of various reasons, but it should be remembered that they were a group of serious, religious people, advocating highly religious and moral principles. As the word itself hints, Puritans wanted to purify their religious beliefs and practices. They felt that the Church of England was too close to the Church of Rome in doctrine form of worship, and organization of authority.) The American Puritans, like their brothers back in England, were idealists, believing that the church should be restored to complete "purity". They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God. But in the grim struggle for survival that followed immediately after their arrival in America, they became more and more practical, as indeed they had to be. Puritans were noted for a spirit of moral and religious earnestness that determinated their whole way of life. Puritans'''''''' lives were extremely disciplined and hard. They drove out of their settlements all those opinions that seemed dangerous to them, and history has criticized their actions. Yet in the persecution of what they considered error, the Puritans were no worse than many other movements in history. As a culture heritage, Puritanism did have a profound influence on the early American mind and American values. American Puritanism also had a conspicuously noticeable and an enduring influence on American literature. It had become, to some extent, so much a state of mind, so much a part of the national cultural atmosphere, rather than a set of tenets. (2) One of the manifestations is the fact that American romantic writers tended more to moralize than their English and European counterparts. Besides, a preoccupation with the Calvinistic view of origina1 sin and the mystery of evil marked the works of Hawthorne, Melville and a host of lesser writers. 2. New England Transcendentalism New England Transcendentalism is the mot clearly defined Romantic literary movement in this period. It was started in the area around Concord, Mass. by a group of intellectual and the literary men of the United States such as Emerson, Henry David Thoreau who were members of an informal club, i. e. the Transcendental Club in New England in the l830s. The transcendentalists reacted against the cold, rigid rationalism of Unitarianism in Boston. They adhered to an idealistic system of thought based on a belief in the essential unity of all creation , the innate goodness of man, and the supremacy of insight over logic and experience for the revelation of the deepest truths. The writings of the transcendentalists prepared the ground of their contemporaries such as Walt Whitman, Herman Melville, and Nathaniel Hawthorne. The main issues involved in the debate were generally philosophical, concerning nature, man and the universe. Basically, Transcendentalism has been defined philosophical1y as "the recognition in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively, or of attaining knowledge transcending the reach of the senses." Emerson once proclaimed in a speech, "Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind." Other concepts that accompanied Transcendentalism inc1ude the idea that nature is ennobling and the idea that the individual is divine and, therefore, self-re1iant. 3. American Romanticists differed in their understanding of human nature. To the transcendentalists such as Emerson and Thoreau, man is divine in nature and therefore forever perfectible; but to Hawthorne and Melville, everybody is potentially a sinner, and great moral courage is therefore indispensab1e for the improvement of human nature, as is shown in Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter.

我是河北的考生,当时我考试的时候,借了本课文的辅导书和课文一起看,这样便于课文的理解。要是单看课文的话生僻词很多很难坚持,首先课文一定要结合辅导细看一遍,分清楚每个时期的代表作者都是谁、每个作者的代表作、写作特点是什么都必须要记住。除此之外,买卷子来做,卷子后面的问答题都要记住背过,我当年考试时就是因为试卷大题都背过了,考试时遇到很多都是自己熟悉的。考试很顺手就通过了。总之,英美文学这么课程如果你不踏踏实实的看课文、背知识点的话肯定不会过。我好多同学都是这样现在还过不了。如果你还是在校生的话鼓励你在学校时好好备考,既然选择了就一定坚持下去,自考不难,难的是坚持。加油,我现在都工作两年了还在坚持,不过看书的时间没有在做学生时那么单纯了。希望你早日通过所有考试,拿到本科证书!

英美文学选读自考视频教程

下篇:美国文学 第一章美国浪漫主义时期 一、美国浪漫主义时期概述 Ⅰ。本章学习目的和要求 通过本章学习,了解19世纪初期至中叶美国文学产生的历史、文化背景;认识该时期文学创作的基本待征、基本主张,及其对同时代和后期美国文学的影响;了解该时期主要作家的文学创作生涯、创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题思想、人物刻画、语言风格等;同时结合注释,读懂所选作品并了解其思想内容和艺术特色,培养理解和欣赏文学作品的能力。 Ⅱ。本章重点及难点: 1.浪漫主义时期美国文学的特点 2.主要作家的创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、思想意义。 3.分析讨论选读作品 Ⅲ。本章考核知识点和考核要求: 1.美国浪漫主义时期概述 (1)“识记”内容:美国浪漫主义文学产生的社会历史及文化背景 (2)“领会”内容: 美国浪漫主义在文学上的表现 a.欧洲浪漫主义文学的影响 b.美国本土文学的崛起及其待证 (3)“应用”内容:清教主义、超验主义、象征主义、自由诗等名词的解释 2.美国浪漫主义时期的主要作家 A.华盛顿。欧文 1.一般识记:欧文的生平及创作主涯 2.识记:《纽约外史》《见闻札记》 3.领会:欧文的创作领域、创作思想,及其作品的艺术风格 4.应用:选读《瑞普。凡。温可尔》的主题及其艺术特色 B.拉尔夫.华尔多.爱默生 1.一般识记:爱默生的生平及创作生涯 2.识记:爱默生的超验主义思想 3.领会: (1)爱默生的散文:《论自然》《论自助》《论美国学者》等 (2)爱默生与梭罗:梭罗的超验主义思想和他的《沃尔登》 4. 应用:《论自然》节选:爱默生的基本哲 学思想及自然观 C.纳撒尼尔。霍桑 1.一般识记:霍桑的生平及创作主涯 2.识记:霍桑的长短篇小说 3.领会: (1)《红字》的主题、心理描写、象征手法和、小说结构 (2)霍桑的清教主义思想及加尔文教条中的“原罪”对霍桑的影响(人性本恶的观点) (3)霍桑对浪漫主义小说的贡献 4.应用:选读《小伙子布朗》的主题结构、象征手法及语言特色 D.华尔特。惠特曼 1.一般识记:惠特曼的生平及其创作生涯 2.识记:惠特曼的民主思想 3.领会: (1)惠特曼的《草叶集》的主创意图、思想感情及诗体形式、语言风格 (2)惠特曼的个人主义 4.应用:选读《草叶集》诗选:“一个孩子的成长”、“涉水的骑兵”、“自己之歌”的主题结构、诗歌的艺术特色、语言风格 E.赫尔曼。麦尔维尔 1.一般识记:麦尔维尔的生平及创作生涯 2.识记:麦尔维尔的早期作品:《玛地》《雷得本》《白外衣》,后期作品《皮埃尔》《骗子的化装表演》《比利伯德》等 3.领会:《白鲸》的 (1)主题:表层及深层意义 (2)小说结构:浪漫主义和现实主义的统一 (3)象征手法和寓言的运用 (4)语言特色 4.应用:选读《白鲸》最后一章的节选:主题思想、人物刻画、象征手法、语言特色 Chapter l The Romantic Period (一)“识记”内容: 1.The origin of Romantic American literature The Romantic Period, one of the most important periods in thehistory of American literature, stretches from the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil War. It started with the publication of Washington Irving’s The Sketch Book and ended with Whitman’s Leaves of Grass. 2.The American Renaissance or New England Renaissance is a period of the great flowering of American literature, from the i830s roughly until the end of the American Civil War. It came of age as an expression of a national spirit. One of the most important influences in the period was that of the Transcendentalists, including Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau. The Transcendentalists contributed to the founding of a new national culture based on native elements. Apart from the Transcendentalists, there emerged during this period great imaginative writers ——Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, and Walt Whitman——whose novels and poetry left a permanent imprint on American literature. 3.Its social historical and cultural background The development of the American society nurtured "the literature of a great nation." America was flourishing into a politically, economically and culturally independent country. Historically, it was the time of westward expansion in America economically, the whole nation was experiencing an industrial transformation. Politically, democracy and equa1ity became the ideal of the new nation, and the two-party system came into being. Worthy of mention is the literary and cultural life of the country. With the founding of the American Independent Government, the nation felt an urge to have its own literary expression, to make known its new experience that other nations did not have: the early Puritan settlement, the confrontation with the Indians, the frontiersmen''''''''s life, and the wild west. Besides, the nation’s literary milieu was ready for the Romantic movement as we11. Thus, with a strong sense of optimism, a spectacular outburst of romantic feeling was brought about in the first ha1f of the 19th century. 4.Major writers of this period There emerged a great host of men of letters during this period, among whom the better-known are poets such as Philip Freneau, William Cullen Bryant, Henry Wordsworth Long Fellow, James Russel Lowell, John Greenleaf Whitter, Edgar Ellen Poe, and, especially, Walt Whitman, whose Leaves Of Grass established him as the most popular American poet of the 19th century. The fiction of the American Romantic period is an original and diverse body of work. It ranges from the comic fables of Washington Irving to the The Gothic tales of Edgar Allen Poe, from the frontier adventures of James Fenimore Cooper to the narrative quests of Herman Melville, from the psycho1ogical romances of Nathaniel Hawthorne to the social realism of Rebecca Harding Davis. (二)领会内容 1.The impact of European Romanticism on American Romanticism Foreign literary masters, especially the English counterparts exerted a stimulating impact on the writers of the new world. Born of one common cultural heritage, the American writers shared some common features with the English Romanticists. They revolted against the literary forms and ideas of the period of classicism by developing some relatively new forms of fiction or poetry. (1) They put emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature, which included a liking for the picturesque, the exotic, the sensuous, the sensational, and the supernatural. (2) The Americans also placed an increasing emphasis on the free expression of emotions and disp1ayed an increasing attention to the psychic states of their characters. Heroes and heroines exhibited extremes of sensitivity and excitement. (3) The strong tendency to exalt the individual and the common man was almost a national religion in America. Writers like Freneau, Bryant, and Cooper showed a great interest in external nature in their respective works. (4) The literary use of the more colorfu1 aspects of the past was also to be found in Irving’s effort to exploit the legends of the Hudson River region, and in Cooper’s long series of historical tales. (5) In short, American Romanticism is, in a certain way, derivative. 2.The unique characteristics of American Romanticism Although greatly influenced by their English counterparts, the American romantic writers revealed unique characteristics of their own in their works and they grew on the native lands. For examp1e,(1) the American national experience of "pioneering into the west" proved to be a rich source of material for American writers to draw upon. They celebrated America''''''''s landscape with its virgin forests, meadows, groves, endless prairies, streams, and vast oceans. The wilderness came to function almost as a dramatic character that symbolized moral 1aw. (2)The desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of American literature. Such a desire is particularly evident in Cooper’s Leather Stocking Tales, in Thoreau''''''''s Walden and, later, in Mark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. (3) With the growth of American national consciousness, American character types speaking local dialects appeared in poetry and fiction with increasing frequency. (4) Then the American Puritanism as a cultural heritage exerted great influences over American moral values and American Romanticism. One of the manifestations is the fact that American romantic writers tended more to moralize than their English and European counterparts. (5) Besides, a preoccupation with the Calvinistic view of origina1 sin and the mystery of evil marked the works of Hawthorne, Melville and a host of lesser writers. (三)应用内容 1. The American Puritanism and its great influence over American moral values, as is shown in American romantic writings. (1) American Puritanism Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the Puritans. (The Puritans were originally members of a division of the Protestant Church, who came into existence in the reigns Queen Elizabeth and King James Ⅰ。The first settlers who became the founding fathers of the American nation were quite a few of them Puritans. They came to America out of various reasons, but it should be remembered that they were a group of serious, religious people, advocating highly religious and moral principles. As the word itself hints, Puritans wanted to purify their religious beliefs and practices. They felt that the Church of England was too close to the Church of Rome in doctrine form of worship, and organization of authority.) The American Puritans, like their brothers back in England, were idealists, believing that the church should be restored to complete "purity". They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God. But in the grim struggle for survival that followed immediately after their arrival in America, they became more and more practical, as indeed they had to be. Puritans were noted for a spirit of moral and religious earnestness that determinated their whole way of life. Puritans'''''''' lives were extremely disciplined and hard. They drove out of their settlements all those opinions that seemed dangerous to them, and history has criticized their actions. Yet in the persecution of what they considered error, the Puritans were no worse than many other movements in history. As a culture heritage, Puritanism did have a profound influence on the early American mind and American values. American Puritanism also had a conspicuously noticeable and an enduring influence on American literature. It had become, to some extent, so much a state of mind, so much a part of the national cultural atmosphere, rather than a set of tenets. (2) One of the manifestations is the fact that American romantic writers tended more to moralize than their English and European counterparts. Besides, a preoccupation with the Calvinistic view of origina1 sin and the mystery of evil marked the works of Hawthorne, Melville and a host of lesser writers. 2. New England Transcendentalism New England Transcendentalism is the mot clearly defined Romantic literary movement in this period. It was started in the area around Concord, Mass. by a group of intellectual and the literary men of the United States such as Emerson, Henry David Thoreau who were members of an informal club, i. e. the Transcendental Club in New England in the l830s. The transcendentalists reacted against the cold, rigid rationalism of Unitarianism in Boston. They adhered to an idealistic system of thought based on a belief in the essential unity of all creation , the innate goodness of man, and the supremacy of insight over logic and experience for the revelation of the deepest truths. The writings of the transcendentalists prepared the ground of their contemporaries such as Walt Whitman, Herman Melville, and Nathaniel Hawthorne. The main issues involved in the debate were generally philosophical, concerning nature, man and the universe. Basically, Transcendentalism has been defined philosophical1y as "the recognition in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively, or of attaining knowledge transcending the reach of the senses." Emerson once proclaimed in a speech, "Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind." Other concepts that accompanied Transcendentalism inc1ude the idea that nature is ennobling and the idea that the individual is divine and, therefore, self-re1iant. 3. American Romanticists differed in their understanding of human nature. To the transcendentalists such as Emerson and Thoreau, man is divine in nature and therefore forever perfectible; but to Hawthorne and Melville, everybody is potentially a sinner, and great moral courage is therefore indispensab1e for the improvement of human nature, as is shown in Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter.

『壹』 自考英语有哪些课程,复不复杂,

//rrting/English/zkyy/ ·自考综合英语 ·自学考试大学英语 ·10月自考英语专科 ·10月自考英语本科 ·10月份自考英语辅导高级英语 ·自考商务英语基础 ·自学考试英语翻译基础班 ·自学考试英语写作基础 ·自考写作与阅读 ·自考英语综合一(下册) ·自考英语综合一(上册) ·自考英语综合二(下册) ·自考英语综合二(上册)

『贰』 英语本科自考的科目

报考条件 凡国家承认学历的专科及专科以上毕业生均可报考本专业,并根据具体情况作如下分类: (1)、英语类专业专科毕业生可以直接报考; (2)、其他专业专科及专科以上毕业生可以报考,但必须加考综合英语(二、英语听力、英语口语等三门课程的合格成绩; 考试课程代号、名称和学分 1、理论考试课程设置 序号 课程代号 课程名称 学分 备注 必考 选考 公共课 1、3709 马克思主义基本原理 4 2、3708 中国近现代史纲要 2 公共课(二外)两门任选一门 3、 8027 日语 6 8011 法语 6 专业课 4 0603 英语写作 6 5 0087 英语翻译 6 6 0600 高级英语 12 7 0604 英美文学选读 6 8、 9 三组任选一组 一 1 0830 现代语言学 4 2 0832 英语词汇学 4 二 1 0833 外语教学法 4 2 0838 语言与文化 4 三 1 0834 英语经贸知识 4 2 0094 外贸函电 4 合计56 2、英语(本科)专业实践环节考核课程设置 序号 课程代号 课程名称 学分 备注 S1 0602 口译与听力[066] 6 S2 7072 毕业论文 合计6 满意请采纳

『叁』 自考英语专业一共考几科

【导读】越来越多人选择自学考试的教育形式来提升学历。自考学历在社会上,与参加高考后就读的大学的结业证书同等对待,是成人学历中含金量最高的学历。那么报考什么专业比较有优势,多久可以拿证。因此,我为诸位考生整理了自考十大热门专业。希望对各位考生有帮助,祝大家备考顺利。

自考热门专业推荐

行政管理

专业优势:简单好过,不用考数学英语。就业方向广,晋升管理层快。

汉语言文学

专业优势:文科专业,实用性强,不考数学,学习容易。

学前教育

专业优势:文科专业,实用性强,市场潜力巨大。

工商企业管理

专科2年,本科2年。

所学知识可以直接应用,数学类科目重点考点非常少,而且题型变化少。

会计

专科2年,本科2年

就业率高,工作稳定。

金融

专科2年,本科2年。

就业前景好,课程难度小,师资力量强,学历含金量高。

英语

取证快。专科1.5年,本科1.5年。

考试简单,以选择题为主,不论任何行业,英语自我涨幅都很大。

法律

专科2年,本科2年。

不考计算机和英语,难度小,就业方向清晰,人才缺口较大。

市场营销

专科2年,本科2年。

企业需求人口大,符合当今社会趋势,培养市场调研与分析、营销策划等工作的应用型高级人才。

国际贸易

下证快,专科1.5年-2年,本科1.5年-2年。

含金量高,就业方向广,社会企业认可度高。

自考学历有什么用

自考本科毕业生待遇规定在工资待遇方面,非在职人员录用后,与普通高等学校同类毕业生相同;在职人员的工资待遇低于普通高等学校同类毕业生的,从获得毕业证书之日起,按普通高等学校同类毕业生工资标准执行。

虽然非普通高等学历教育的其他国民教育形式毕业生取得国家承认的毕业证后,符合职位要求的资格条件的,均可以报考,但是自考本科学历含金量仅次于统招生,在报考公务员方面拥有绝对的优势,深受招考部门喜爱。

自考本科可以报考公务员,公务员工作稳定,待遇较高,压力较小,又有权力,现在许多人都想做公务员,而人事部规定,公务员岗位需要通过公务员考试,现在大多数公务员岗位都要求本科以上才有资格报考,通常只有基层和艰苦的工作岗位留给专科一部分。

如果你正准备报名明年的成人自考,现在开始学习吧。老师为大家贴心整理了2020年广东省成人自考招生院校专业简章,先选好院校专业再复习,录取通过率会更高!点击链接即可查看:

『肆』 自考英语专业科目

1.口译与听力 课程代码:00602学分:6 2.马克思主义基本原理概论 课程代码:0370 *** 分:4 3.中国近现代史纲要 课程代码:03708学分:2 4.第二外语(日语)山东 课程代码:sd00840学分:6 5.英语词汇学 课程代码:00832学分:4 6.英语语法 课程代码:00831学分:4 7.现代语言学 课程代码:00830学分:4 8.英美文学选读 课程代码:00604学分:6 9.英语写作 课程代码:00603学分:4 10.高级英语 课程代码:00600学分:12 11.英语翻译 课程代码:00087学分:6

『伍』 哪些证书可以替代自学考试“英语(一)”课程

如果你可以拿到英语4级的证书,那么你就可以免考自学考试的英语,只要有一个4级就行了。

『陆』 哪些证书可以替代自学考试“英语(二)”课程

获得全国英语等级考试三级(或笔试部分成绩合格)及以上证书、高校毕业生在校期间参加本校考试并取得大学英语四、六级证书,且在有效期间内,可免考自学考试“英语(二)”课程。持大学英语四级考试成绩报告单,成绩达到425分者,可免考“英语(二)”课程。

全国英语等级考试考试分笔试和口试两部分,内容包括:听力、语言知识、阅读、写作、口语。笔试和口试均合格者,由教育部考试中心颁发给《全国英语等级考试合格证书》。

国家承认学历的各类高等学校及自学考试专科以上(含专科)的毕业生(及肄业生、退学生)报考自学考试,根据有关规定,申请免考已学过并考试成绩合格的有关课程。

考生原有成绩的考试方式为考试的课程,可以申请免考表中规定的自学考试笔试类和实践考核类课程,而考试方式为“考查”的课程,只可申请免考表中规定的自学考试“实践考核”类课程。

(6)英语自学考试课程扩展阅读 :

自考免考需提交的材料:

1、原毕业学校或自学考试毕业证原件及复印件一份。

2、当年普通高校的应届本科或专科毕业生(最后一学年)可提供学校教务处证明(原件一份)。

3、原毕业学校的学籍卡复印件一份,并加盖学校教务处公章(红印);或者将本人人事档案中的学籍卡复印一份,并加盖本人人事关系主管单位的组织、人事部门的公章(红印)。

4、学籍卡应含有每学期所学的课程、学分、学时、考试类型、考试成绩等内容。学籍卡上如有更改记录,应由原毕业学校教务处在复印件上更正之处加盖公章(红印),并由经办人签名。

5、自学考试毕业生只需提供本人《毕业生登记表》中成绩栏部分的复印件一份即可。

注:由于各地自考政策不同,提交材料有略有不同,考生可以事先咨询当地自考办。

『柒』 自考本科英语专业要考哪些科目

英语自考本科的开考科目因所在省份及主考院校的不同也有所不同,以山东大学为例英语自考本科段的所有课程,供参考:

1.口译与听力 课程代码:00602学分:6

2.马克思主义基本原理概论 课程代码:0370 *** 分:4

3.中国近现代史纲要 课程代码:03708学分:2

4.第二外语(日语)山东 课程代码:sd00840学分:6

5.英语词汇学 课程代码:00832学分:4

6.英语语法 课程代码:00831学分:4

7.现代语言学 课程代码:00830学分:4

8.英美文学选读 课程代码:00604学分:6

9.英语写作 课程代码:00603学分:4

10.高级英语 课程代码:00600学分:12

11.英语翻译 课程代码:00087学分:6

『捌』 自考本科英文的课程顺序,什么课程大几上的

自考是没有分课程顺序的,自己选择性学习,选择性考试。根据你自己的学习能力选择即可。 在规定的报考时间内报考,而后准备考试。考过的科目就不用再考了,直到考完所有的科目。 目前广东自考是可以一年考三次,1月、4月和10月,一次考试最多可以考4门科目。

『玖』 英语本科自学考试的科目有哪些

具体为: 序号 代码 课程名称 学分 教材名称 编著者 出版社 版次 1 0004 *** 思想概论 2 *** 思想概论 罗正楷 武汉大学出版社 1999年版 2 0005 马克思主义政治经济学原理 3 马克思主义政治经济学原理 卫兴华 武汉大学出版社 1999年版 3 0087 英语翻译 6 英语翻译教程 庄绎传 外语教学与研究出版社 1999年版 4 0600 高级英语 12 高级英语(上、下册) 王家湘 张中载 外语教学与研究出版社 2000年版 5 0602 口译与听力 6 口译与听力 杨俊峰 辽宁大学出版社 2002年版 6 0603 英语写作 4 英语写作 杨俊峰 辽宁大学出版社 1999年版 7 0604 英美文学选读 6 英美文学选读 张伯香 外语教学与研究出版社 1999年版 8 0830 现代语言学(A) 4 现代语言学 何兆雄 杨德明 外语教学与研究出版社 1999年版 9 0832 英语词汇学(A) 4 英语词汇学 张维友 外语教学与研究出版社 1999年版 10 0833 外语教学法(A) 4 外语教学法 舒白梅 陈佑林 高等教育出版社 1999年版 11 0836 英语科技文选(B) 4 英语科技文选 李碧嘉 高等教育出版社 2000年版 12 0837 旅游英语选读(B) 4 旅游英语选读 修月祯 高等教育出版社 1999年版 13 0838 语言与文化(B) 4 语言与文化 王振亚 高等教育出版社 2000年版 14 0840 日语 6 大学日语 王诗荣 高等教育出版社 1999年版 15 8801 毕业论文 0 学分 57 加考 课程 0593 听力 8 英语听力 何其莘王敏等 外语教学与研究出版社 1999年版 0594 口语 8 英语口语教程 吴祯福 外语教学与研究出版社 1999年版 0795 综合英语(二) 10 综合英语(二)(上、下册) 徐克蓉 外语教学与研究出版社 2000年版

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