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阐述了大学英语四六级考试的性质、考试题型、命题原则和试题难度，向考生提供了试题的答案，介绍了在大学考试中常见的词汇。
【导读】由于疫情影响，2020年4月份的自考和学位外语考试目前都处于延期状态，具体时间还没发布相关通知。考试虽然延期，但这绝不影响同学们复习。想要早日考完，提前拿到毕业证书，就千万不能忽视复习，一定要认真!
对于英语，小编其实一直有一个疑惑。先复习语法呢?还是先背单词?一提到复习英语，整个头都大了，完全找不着方向。直到有一天听了环球网校老师讲的英语复习课，一语惊醒梦中人啊……小编一下子就找到了英语复习的正确打开方式!
结合自身实际情况制定英语学习计划
英语基础比较好的同学，根据自身情况合理安排复习计划。但是大部分的同学基础相对都较为薄弱，需要有一个经验比较丰富的引导者帮助学习。这时候可以选择报辅导班，跟着老师的节奏一起学习。
对于基础较弱的同学，小编建议尽早开始英语的复习，找一本比较详细的书，把英语的句法、词法、语法从头到尾学习一遍，背一些常用的短语，可以用在写作文里面。
重在坚持
学英语是一个积累的过程，就跟滚雪球一样重在坚持。刚开始的时候你可能会感到吃力，学不进去，但是当你坚持一段时间以后就会越来越轻松。那个时候，你就会发现：wow~英语好有趣啊，也没有很难嘛!
单词不仅要会记，还要会用
我们在刚开始学英语的时候，往往以为只要把单词背下来就可以了，但在做题的时候却不懂怎么选择。一张卷子做下来，单词都可以看懂，但就是做不对。所以，学英语一定不能死记硬背，要灵活学习并使用。单词结合语境去理解，可以自己造句去理解，理解记忆单词的同时锻炼造句能力。
每天背单词，相信重复的力量
依稀记得小编第一次考英语的时候……只考了40分的小编，一咬牙一跺脚地坚持了每天都背一个单元单词，每天都坚持背诵语法!
背了几天单词后，小编发现前两天背下来的单词忘记了不少，需要背新单词的同时，复习背过的单词。相信重复的力量!
另外，同学们在做英语练习的时候一定要注意时间，加快速度。
来来来，拿出你们的小本本，划重点记笔记啦!
重视词汇量的积累，每天坚持背单词;单词不要死记硬背，要多用才记得牢;要注重英语句法、语法等知识的学习，多背一些常用短语，句子，利于写作文;学英语是一个积累的过程，一定要放平心态，耐得住寂寞;基础好的同学可以自己安排复习计划，基础不太好的可以通过辅导班加强学习。4月自考具体考试时间仍未公布，同学们一定要把握好机会，做好复习，为早日毕业、早日拿到毕业证书努力吧!加油!
综上所述，就是小编今天给大家整理发布的关于自考英语二的相关内容，希望可以帮助到大家。
Unit9（第26讲—第28讲） 本课简介 在learned words and popular words这篇课文中，作者对学术词汇和普通词汇进行了定义。讲述了两类词汇之间的差异，并且指出把词分为学术的和普通的方便而且有道理。但是人们必须注意，把普通词汇理解为属于大众所有的词，而不是某个特定阶层的人们所拥有的东西。学术词汇也并非有学问之人专用，只是它的存在是由于书籍和文学的培养而不是日常会话的实际需要。 本课主要语言点 1. In every cultivated language there are two great classes of words which， taken together， make up the whole vocabulary. class在本句中的意思是“种类”，相当于type， category.如： 1）It is very difficult to meet the needs of various classes of readers.（要满足各种读者的需要十分困难） 2）How many classes are you going to divide these books？ （你打算把这些书分成几类？） class 还常用来表示“等级”，如：a second-class hotel （二等旅馆）； an economy-class ticket （经济舱票）；fly first class （乘头等舱航空旅行）。 class 也可以用动词用，意思是“把 …分类；把…看作”，如： 1）At 19 you are still classed as a teenager.（到了十九岁，你仍旧是青少年。） 2）He was classed as a genius （他被看作为天才） make up 在本句中的意思是“组成、构成”，请看例句： 1）Twenty-six boys and twenty-four girls make up the class （二十六名男生和二十四名女生组成了这个班） 2）Twelve doctors made up the medical team （十二名医生组成医疗队） 用被动语态时则应用be made up of，如： This engine is made up of 490 parts （这台发动机是由四百九十个部件装配而成的） taken together 过去分词短语做后置定语，对中心词做一些附加说明，相当于一个非限定性定语从句，要用逗号和中心词隔开，如： All the letters in the drawer， written in pencil， are from my brother.（抽屉里的这些用铅笔写的信都是我弟弟写的。） 2. First， there are those words with which we become familiar in ordinary conversation， which we learn， that is to say， from the members of our own family and from our friends， and which we should know and use even if we could not read or write. 句子中which引导的都是定语从句，修饰中心词words.第一个which的前面有介词with，这儿的with是familiar with中的介词前置了。Familiar with 意为“熟悉”。如：Are you familiar with the man standing over there？（站在那边的那个人你熟悉吗？） 请注意familiar with 与familiar to 的区别，familiar with 的主语通常是人，而familiar to的主语通常是物。如： 1）I am not familiar with this place. 2） This place is mot familiar to me. that is to say 是插入语，其作用是对整个一句话进行解释，类似的插入语还有so to speak， if I may say so， if you don't mind等等，如： 1）I'd really rather not go， if you don't mind 我确实不想去，你如果不介意的话。 2） The new emperor was， so to speak， a puppet.新皇帝可以说是个傀儡。 3.They concern the common things of life， and are the stock in trade of who speak the language concern 在句中的意思是“涉及，有关于”，如： 1）Don't interfere in things that don't concern you （别干预跟你无关的事）。 2）The energy problem concerns us all （能源问题关系到我们每个人） stock的意思很多，如“存货”，“股票”，“公债券”，“牲畜”等。 1）They hold a rich stock of information （他们掌握着丰富的材料） 2）You cannot buy it because it's out of stock （你买不成了，货品已经脱销） 3）He used to have a stock farm （他曾经拥有一个畜牧场） 4）The fridge was carefully stocked up with food.（冰箱里周到地放满了食品） stock in trade 也可以写成stock in trade，意思是“例行工作”，“常规”，如： 1）Complaints were a stock in trade of an airport manager's job （机场经理的工作就是常常面对投诉） 2）He was the master of black humor， it was his stock in trade （他是黑色幽默大师，黑色幽默是他的专长） 4.Such words may be called “popular”， since they belong to the people at large and are not the possession of a limited class only. since 在句中引导的是一个原因状语从句，请看例句： 1）Since it was Saturday， he got up very late （因为是周六，他起床很晚。） 2）You can take the place of him since he is not interested （你可以取代他，因为他对这事不感兴趣） at large 在本句中的意思是“整个”，这个词组的意思还有很多，请看下面的句子： 1）The people at large love peace （大多数人热爱和平） 2）The virus is still at large （这种病毒还在蔓延） 3）The murderer is still at large （杀人犯仍逍遥法外） 4）He talked at large about his plans （他详尽地谈了自己的计划） 5）They made the arrangements at large （他们随意地做了安排 ） 5. 请注意区别与possession 有关的两个词组：in possession of sth……和 in the possession of sb. 1）He is in possession of this house （他拥有这所房子） 2）The house is in the possession of him 3）On the other hand， our language includes large number of words which are relatively seldom used in ordinary conversation. 英语中有许多表示启承转合的词语，阅语中注意这些词有助于我们提高理解力，写作中注意用这些词，有助于我们把文章写得连贯、有条理。On the other hand 在本句中用来表示不同或相反的语气，在前一段中讲了popular word 这一段中作者则要讲讲learned words. 表示不同或相反语气的词还有很多，比如：Conversely， however， on the contrary， unlike， whereas， yet等等。 前面我们提到过number可以与可数名词连用，而amount可与不可数名词连用，如： 1）A large number of students have passed the exam （许多学生已经通过了考试） 2）They paid a large amount of money for the house （他们付了一大笔钱买了这座房子） 6.Their meanings are known to every educated person， but there is little occasion to use them at home occasion 通常可以做可数名词用，意思是“时刻、场合”；也可以做不可数名词用，意思是：“必要性、需要；机会”。如： 1）They're met on several occasions （他们已相遇过好几次） 2）They are occasions when you find it difficult to say “Good-bye”。（有时候你会觉得说“再见”很难。） 3）I don't remember I had occasion to blame him （我不记得我有责备他的必要） 7.In the latter， we are using a Latin Derivation which has exactly the same meaning 在前一句中用了“in the first case，” 本句中的“in the latter ”是指in the latter case .对两件事分别进行表述时，可以用in the first case， in the latter case 这一类词，条理非常清楚，也可以用the former，the latter 来表述。derivation 是derive 的名词形式。Latin derivation 意思是“拉丁语词源的词”，请看例句： 1）These words are derived from Latin （这些词由拉丁语派生而来） 2）The derivation of words is interesting （词的派生很有意思） 8. The terms “popular” and “learned”， as applied to words， are not absolute definitions.本句中的term意思是“术语、名称”，如： 1） I don't know how to put this term into Chinese （我不知道如何把这一术语译成中文） 2） Writer is hardly the term to apply to him （“作家”这一名称很难用在他身上） term 还有“期限；任期；学期”的意思，如： 1）During his 4-year term of office， he did a lot of things for the common people.（在他四年的任职期间，他为普通百姓做了不少事。） 2） He decided to rum for a second term （他决定竞选连任。） 3） The autumn term is coming to an end （秋学期快要结束了。） apply to 在句中的意思是“用于”，如： 1）This rule applies to upper class students only （这条规则只适用于高年级学生。） 2）I don't think what he says applies to you （我想他的话对你不适用） 3）They are eager to apply the theory to practice （他们急切地想把这一理论用于实践） apply for 则是“申请”的意思，如： 1）How many people have applied for the job？（有多少人申请了这个工作？） 2）They applied for permission to use the tennis court （他们申请使用网球场。） 9. Still the classification into “learned” and “popular” is convenient and sound .本句中的sound是形容词，意思是“正确的；明智的”，如： 1）He felt so happy that he had made a sound decision.（做了正确的决定，他感到很高兴。） 2）He was so carried away by power that he could not make any sound judgement（他被权力冲昏了头脑，无法做出任何明智的判断） 请看下面几个句子，注意sound 在句中的意思： 1）He is sound in body and mind （他身心健康） 2）The house is sound .Don't hesitate to buy it （这所房了完好无损，别犹豫，买下它） 3）The baby is having a sound sleep.（宝宝在酣睡） 4）Father gave him a sound beating.（父亲给他一顿痛打） 10.When we call a word “learned” we don't mean that it is used by learned persons alone， but simply that its presence in the English vocabulary is due to books and the cultivation of literature rather than to the actual needs of ordinary people not （that）…。but （that）。意思“不是…。而是。”如： 1）I came here again not because I enjoy the scenery so much but because I like the people .（我又来这儿，不是因为我多喜欢这儿的景色，而是我爱这儿的人们。） 2）By calling him Shylock， I don't mean that he is named Shylock，but that he is as miserly as Shylock.（叫他夏洛克，我不是说他的名字叫夏洛克，而是说他像夏洛克一样吝啬。） due to 在句中的意思是“由于”，如： 1）His failure was due to carelessness （他的失败是由于粗心。） 2）Due to lack of funds，they had to postpone the project.（由于缺少资金，他们不得不推迟计划） rather than 在本句的意思是“不是…而是……”，“与其……不如…” 1） He is a writer than a teacher （与其说他是教师，不如说他是作家。） 2）He lay rather than sit in the armchair （与其说他是坐在扶手椅上不如说是躺在里面。） 本课主要词组 1.make up 2.be familiar with 3.learn from 4.belong to 5.at large 6.on the other hand 7.be knows to 8.acquaintance with 9.in a style 10. be of importance 11. in the first case 12. in the latter （case） 13. in print 14. apply to 15. come up 16. as to 17. as a whole 18. due to 19. rather than Text B how should you build up your vocabulary？ 短语表达 1. build up （建立；增强；增加） They worked hard to build up the friendship between the people in two countries. Get plenty of exercise every to build up your health. 2. come across （穿过，出现；遇到） They came across the street to meet me. A good idea came across my mind We are bound to come across difficulties， but we are determined to overcome them. 3. look up （查阅） If there are words you don't understand， look them up in the dictionary . For further information about this matter， look up this book. 4. at top speed （以速度） He drove his car at top speed It's dangerous to corner at top speed 5. depend on （依靠；取决于） We'll depend mainly on ourselves to solve the problem. The accomplishment of the task depends on the solution of this major problem. 6. make sense （有意义、讲得通） What he said just now didn't make any sense to me. This sentence doesn't make any sense. 7. try doing sth（尝试做某事） You can try using another method to go it He tried climbing the mountain without any help. 8. come up with （提出，想出；提供） He is expected to come up with some ideas after he thinks about the problem. The TV network will come up with better shows in the future. 9. lead to（导致） Our discussions led to confusion. The earthquake led to heavy loss of life. 10. after all （毕竟） Don't expect too much of him， he is， after all， a child of 10. We didn't finish all the work. After all， we didn't have enough hands 11. provide with （提供） It is necessary that you provide them with all the equipment We are satisfied to be provided with these kitchen utensils 12. begin with （以……开始） The first word of a sentence should begin with a capital letter . To begin with， we ought to know what we are here for.
3. Diamonds are made from carbon. 由……制成，可以用be made from和be made of两个词组来表达。但是be made from通常指制成品已看不出原材料是什么，而be made of可以看出该物品由什么材料制成的。如： 1） Paper is made from some plants. （纸是由某些植物制成的。） 2） This beer is made from grain. （这种啤酒是用粮食酿制的。） 3） The houses were made of brick. （这些房屋是砖造的。） 4） This toy is made of cotton. （这个玩具是布做的。） 4. Scientists know that the combination of extreme heat and pressure changes carbon into diamonds. extreme在句中做形容词用，意思是“极度的”，如： 1） Extreme cold can wake a hibernating animal. （极度的寒冷能使正在冬眠的动物苏醒。） 2） They will have to endure extreme discomfort in winter. （冬天时，他们将不得不忍受极度的不适。） change…into意思是“把…转变为…”，如： 1） Water changes into vapour when heated. （水加热后转变为蒸气。） 2） Go to the bank and you can easily change these dollars into RMB. （你去银行就能很容易地把这些美元换成人民币。） 5. Such heat and pressure exist only in the hot， liquid mass of molten rock deep inside the earth. 请注意such与so之间的不同用法。such后面接名词，而so后面接形容词或副词。如： 1） I don't believe he could make such a mistake. （我相信他不会犯这样的错误的。） 2） How can you go out on such a rainy day？ （在这样的雨天里，你怎么能出门？） 3） He spoke so fast that I couldn't follow. （他说话太快，我听不懂。） 4） I'm so glad you could come. （你能来我真高兴。） mass在本句中的意思是“（聚成一体的）团、块”，比如： 1） a mass of hot air（一团热气） 2） a mass of sand（一堆沙） 3） Rain occurs when a mass of warm air is laden with water. （一团云聚集大量的水蒸气就形成了雨。） Mass也可以做形容词用，意思是“群众的”、“大量的”，如： 1） a mass meeting （群众大会） 2） mass education （大众教育） 3） mass media （大众传媒） 4） Mass production could very well cut the cost. （大规模生产可以降低成本。） 6. It is thought that millions of years ago this liquid mass pushed upward through cracks in the earth's crust. It is thought that…是一个很常用的句型，类似的句型在英语中很多，比如： 1） It is / was， has been…， reported that… 2） It is / was， has been…， stated that… 3） It is / was， has been…， pointed out that… 4） It is / was， has been…， mentioned that… 5） It is / was， has been…， believed that… 7. A. There are only four areas where very many diamonds have been formed. B. The first known area was in India， where diamonds were found thousands of years ago. 定语从句可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。A句是限定性定语从句，B句是非限定性定语从句。A、B两句中都是用关系副词where来引导定语从句，修饰表示地点的名词。请看下面的句子，注意限定性定语从句一般不用逗号隔开： 1） Is there a shop around where we can get some fruit？ （附近有什么商店可以买到水果吗？） 2） This is the place where we met yesterday. （这是我们昨天碰头的地方。） 3） The small town， where he once worked， has turned to be a modern city. （他曾经工作过的那座小城，已经变成现代化的城市了。） 8. In the 1600's…（十七世纪） In the 1720's…（十八世纪二十年代） In the 1800's…（十九世纪） 请注意年代的表达方法，以上的年代也可以表达为in the 1600s； in the 1720s； in the 1800s.如果我们要表达“在十七世纪初（中、末）期”，则可以说in the early（mid， late） 1600's/1600s. 9. Diamonds became very popular with the kings and queens of Europe. become / be popular with / among是一个常用词组，意思是“受…欢迎”，请看下面的句子： 1） These Chinese handicrafts are very popular with foreign friends. （这些中国工艺品很受外国朋友的喜爱。） 2） His novels are popular among young people. （他的小说很受年轻人的喜爱。） 3） Classical music is popular among more and more people. （古典音乐受到越来越多的人的喜爱。） 10. India's supply of diamonds was finally running out after 2，500 yeas of mining the stones. Supply在句子中做名词用，意思是“供应”。Supply常常可以做动词用，意思是“供给，提供”。请看下面的句子： 1） Economic stability can be reached if demand and supply are in balance. （如果供求关系平衡的话，就能实现经济的稳定。） 2） Many materials are in short supply. （许多材料供应不足。） 3） The increasing world population will put a strain on food supply. （不断增长的世界人口将对粮食供应带来重负。） 4） You have to supply him with an answer. （你得给他提供一个答案。） 5） Most towns are supplied with tap-water and electricity. （大多数城镇都有自来水和电力供应。） run out是一个常用词组，意思是“用完，用尽”。请看例句： 1） Time is running out. We have to hurry. （时间快到了，我们得快点。） 2） My patience is running out. （我快要耐不住了。） 3） His luck seemed to have run out. （他的好运似乎结束了。） 我们也可以用run out来表达类似的意思，但run out of的主语应该是“某人”。如： 1） They have run out of money， so they have to find a job. （他们钱用完了，所以得找一份工作。） 2） I have run out of ink. （我的墨水用完了。） 11. People would pick up handfuls of gravel from the bottom of the streams and sort out the diamonds. -ful通常加在名词后面，构成形容词，如care-careful，help-helpful.而本句中的handful是一个名词，意思是“一把”，在单词部分，我们已经提到过，英语中有不少这样的词，如： 1） He gave me a basketful of beaches. （他给了我满满一篮子桃子。） 2） She put a spoonful of salt in the soup. （她往汤里撒了满满一勺盐。） 3） Tom is carrying an armful of books. （汤姆抱着一捆书。） sort out是一个常用词组，意思是“整理，分类”，如： 1） Sort out those of bigger size and put them in a box. （把大点的整理出来，放在盒子里。） 2） It took quite a while to sort out all our luggage. （把我们所有的行李整理好花了不少时间。） bottom在句子中做名词用，意思是“底部”。bottom还有“尽头、末端”的意思。请看例句： 1） There is some deposit in the bottom of the teapot. （茶壶底部有些沉淀物。） 2） At the bottom of the mountain， there is a beautiful village. （在山脚下有个美丽的村子。） 3） I felt grateful to you from the bottom of my heart. （我衷心地感谢你。） 4） Bottoms up. （干杯。） 12. These diamonds were probably carried from where they were formed to India by great sheets of moving ice that covered parts of the earth 20，000 years ago. where they were formed是where引出的名词性从句，作介词from的宾语。请看下面的句子： 1） He didn't say anything about where the accident took place. （他对事故在哪儿发生的只字未提。） 2） She hasn't made up her mind as to where she should go for the holiday. （她还没有决定到哪儿去度假。）
4. They need hundreds of hours of study and practice， and even this will not guarantee success for every adult language learner. 注意句中hundreds of hours的用法，阅读课本第六页注解2. 请翻译下面的词组： 1） 十个学生 ten students 数十个学生 tens of students 2） 五百年 five hundred years 数百年 hundreds of years 3） 两千年 two thousand years 数千年 thousands of years 4） 三百万美元 three million dollars 数百万美元 millions of dollars 5. Language learning is different from other kinds of learning. 句中be different from 意为“与…不同”，如：My opinion is different from yours.（我的观点与你的观点不同。） 请注意下面三个句子中所用的词组： Man is different from all the other animals in his ability to learn and use a language. Man differs from all the other animals in his ability to learn and use a language. The greatest difference between man and all the other animals is his ability to learn and use a language. 从上面的句子中可以看出differ是动词，different 是形容词，difference是名词。 6. … find it difficult to succeed in language learning. … find it difficult to succeed in other fields. 句中的it是形式宾语（formal object），真正的宾语（real object）是不定式to succeed in language learning，此类用法在英语中很常见，请注意掌握。如：At first I found it difficult to remember all these new words.（开始我感到记住这些单词很难。） 请翻译下面的句子： 1） 外面的噪音使我无法继续工作。 （The noise outside made it difficult for me to go on with my work.） 2） 他们觉得再争论下去是浪费时间。 （They consider it a waste of time to argue any further.） 3） 她认为把真相告诉小王是对的。 （She thought it right to tell Xiao Wang the truth.） 7. Language teachers often offer advice to language learners. 本句中注意掌握动词offer的用法，请看下面的例句： 1） He offered me a cup of tea after I sat down. （我坐下后他给我端来一杯茶。） 2） What suggestions would you like to offer to those young teachers？ （对这些新教师你有什么建议要提吗？） 3） This shop offers all kinds of stationery.（这家商店供应各种文具。） 4） The old man offered me 100 yuan for the used bike. （那个老人向我出价100元买这辆旧自行车。） 5） She offered to help me with my English.（她表示愿意帮我学英语。） 句中的advice为不可数名词，其后不加s，正如课本第六页注解3所说，有许多东西在汉语中是可数的，在英语中却是不可数的。如news， information， paper 等，若要表示“一个”这类概念，就必须加a piece of这类定语，例如： a piece of news a piece of advice a sum of money a piece of bread 8. Read as much as you can. 句中的much 是副词，用副词作同等比较时，可以用as … as和so … as 这种结构，如： 1） Read as much as you can and your vocabulary will be enlarged.（尽量多阅读，你的词汇量就会扩大。） 2） We must arrange everything as well as we can.（我们要把一切尽可能地安排好。） 3） Please give me a call as soon as possible.（请尽早给我打电话。） 4） I don't speak English so well as you.（我英语讲得没你好。） 9. Practice speaking the language every day. practice 在美国英语中可以做动词也可以做名词，而在英国英语中，practice是名词，动词的拼写则是practise. 作动词用时，其后只能跟动名词，不能跟不定式。如：It is really no fun to practice running in such hot weather.（在这样炎热的天气里练跑步可真不是好玩的。） 10. Language learning research shows that successful language learners are similar in many ways. that successful language learners are similar in many ways 是宾语从句。在非正式场合下that引导宾语从句时可省略。如：I think （that） you are right. 请翻译下面的句子： 1） 小男孩承认是他打碎了窗玻璃。 （The little boy admitted that he broke the window.） 2） 大量证据表明他是有罪的。（Plenty of evidence shows that he is guilty.） 3） 我保证将会给他更多的帮助。（I promised that I would give him more help.） 11. … they discover their own way to learn the language. to learn the language 不定式做定语，例如：Is it the best way to solve the problem？（这是解决问题的方法吗？） 请翻译下面的句子： 1） 他没有勇气承认自己是无知的。（He has no courage to say that he is ignorant.） 2） 这将是一个交流思想的好机会。（This will be a good opportunity to exchange ideas.） 3） 他们在会上没有发言权。（They had no right to speak at the meeting.） 12. Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain， they try to find the patterns and rules for themselves. 动词不定式to explain和名词 teacher构成复合结构，作wait for的宾语，称为复合宾语。此类用法在英语中很常见，例如： 1） I'll get someone to repair the bike for you.（我去找人来帮你修自行车。） 2） He wants you to call him in the afternoon.（他要你下午给他打电话。） 3） The teacher is waiting for the students to answer the questions. （老师在等学生们回答问题。） 4） You can count on him to give you full support.（你放心，他会给你全力支持。） 请注意 instead of 与 instead 的区别： 1） Instead of staying at home watching TV， he went out for a walk. He didn't stay at home watching TV， instead he went out for a walk. 2） Instead of having milk for breakfast， he had a cup of coffee. He didn't have milk for breakfast， instead he had a cup of coffee. 13. When they guess wrong， they guess again. wrong常常作形容词或动词用，而本句中的wrong则作副词用。请注意下面句子中wrong的词类： 1） He was annoyed that he had been given some wrong information.（wrong adj.错误的） 2） I knew I had wronged her terribly when I gave her all the complaints.（wrong v. 冤枉） 3） The whole class burst into laughter when the teacher pronounced her name wrong.（wrong adv.错，不对）
10.solution n. 解决办法 solve v. 解决 1）The loan was only a temporary solution to the country's financial difficulties.（借贷只能暂时解决这个国家的经济困难。） 2）After a day's careful thought， he came up with a good solution. （经过一天的仔细考虑，他才想出一个好办法。） 3）We should work together on the solution of our national problems. （我们应该一起解决我们国家的问题。） 4）I really don't know how to solve the problem. （我真不知道如何解决这个问题。） 5）They found a new way of solving the problem. （他们找到了解决这个问题的新办法。） （请注意用solution这个名词时，通常用a solution to a problem表示“问题的解决办法。”。） 11.adapt v. 使适应，使适合；改写 1）We should adapt our thinking to the new conditions. （我们应该使自己的思想适应新的情况。） 2）Some animals will modify their behavior to adapt to their environment. （一些动物改变它们的习性以适应环境。） 3）Can you adapt your way of thinking to the new life-style？ （你能使你的思想适应新的生活方式吗？） 4）They adapt a novel for the screen. （他们把小说改编为电影。） 请注意adapt 和adopt的区别，adopt意为“采用；收养”。 1）They are going to adopt new techniques in raising silkworms. （他们准备采用新的养蚕技术。） 2）A little girl was adopted into the family. （一个小女孩被收养为家庭一员。） 12. perfect adj. 完美的；完全的 v. 使完美，改善 1）He speaks perfect English. （他说一口地道的英语。） 2）The actor is perfect for the part. （由这位演员担任这一角色再理想不过了。） 3）He is in perfect health. （他身体十分健康。） 4）He is a perfect stranger. （他是个完全陌生的人。） 5）They decided to send their son to England to perfect his English. （他们决定把儿子送到英国去提高他的英语水平。） 13. acceptable adj. 可以接受的 accept v. 接受 1）This proposal is acceptable to all. （这个建议大家都能接受。） 2）Tom received an acceptable marks on the test. （汤姆在测验中的分数尚可。） 3）Don't accept everything you see on TV as true. （别以为在电视上看到的一切都是真实的。） 4）I didn't expect him to accept my suggestion. （我没指望他接受我的建议。） 5）The plan has won wide acceptance among the people. （这个计划受到了人们的普通欢迎。） 6）He nodded in delighted acceptance. （他愉快地点头表示赞同。） 14. evidence n. 发现；（调查或研究）结果；根据 evident adj. 明显的 1）Do you have any evidence for this statement？ （你这样说有任何根据吗？） 2）There are evidences that somebody has been living here. （迹象表明有人一直住在这儿。） 3）It is evident that we do not understand each other. （显然，我们彼此不了解。） 4）He spoke with evident disappointment. （他带着明显的失望说话。） 5）We can say with good evidence that their work is one of the best. （我们有充分的证据说明他们的工作是的。） 15. determine v. 决定；确定 determined adj. 下决心的 determination n. 决心；结论 1）He has determined on a course of action. （他已决定了行动计划。） 2）The police wanted to determine all the facts. （警察想查明全部事实。） 3）His father is determined to quit smoking. （他父亲决心戒烟。） 4）He made his determination after he read the test report. （他在看了化验报告后下了结论。） 5）Mr. Smith is a man of determination. （史密斯先生是个有决断力的人。） 16. growth n. 生长 grow v. 生长 1）The growth in tourism is really astonishing. （旅游业的发展实在令人惊异。） 2）The rapid growth of world population is creating more and more problems. （世界人口的迅速发展带来了越来越多的问题。） 3）His hair has grown too long. （他的头发长得太长了。） 4）Friendship grew between them. （他们之间产生了友情。） 5）You will grow used to it. （你会渐渐对此习惯的。） 本课主要构词法 Affixation 词缀法 1. 形容词后缀 -able disagreeable acceptable 2. 副词后缀 -ly scientifically previously entirely frequently 3. 名词后缀 -ion imagination solution 4. 反义词前缀 un- unknown unpleasant 本课简介 在“Scientific Attitudes”这篇课文中，作者指出科学始于人类对周围环境的疑问。当人类具有去伪存真的能力时，科学也开始迅猛发展。好奇和想像是有助于推动科学发现和发展重要素质。作者还认为具有科学头脑的人相信“因果”关系。任何现象的存在必有原因，只是有些尚未被发现。思想开放、无偏见；尊重别人的观点；凡事以事实为依据都是科学的态度。 人物背景 1.Benjamin Franklin：富兰克林（1706－1790年），美国政治家及科学家。美国18世纪名列华盛顿后的最的人物，参加起草独立宣言。在科学方面进行过有名的电实验，并对电做了理论说明。只受过极短的正规教育，全靠勤奋自学成才。法国经济学家杜尔哥颂扬他“从天空抓到雷电，从专制统治者手中夺回权力”。 2.Thomas Edison：爱迪生（1847－1931年），美国发明家。技术历史中显著的天才之一，拥有白炽灯、留声机、电影放映机等1093种发明专利，还创办了世界上第一个工业研究实验室。 3.Galileo：伽利略（1564－1642年），意大利物理学家及天文学家。对现代科学思想的发展作出过重大贡献。最早用望远镜观察天体，并曾用大量事实证明地球环绕太阳转，否定地心说。 4.Louis Pasteur：巴斯德（1822－1895年）法国化学家及微生物学家。证明发酵及传染病是微生物引起的，创始并首先应用疫苗接种以预防狂犬病、鸡霍乱等，挽救了法、英等国的养蚕业和啤酒业。 5.Edward Jenner：金纳（1749－1823年），英国医生，牛痘接种法创始人。历经周折使牛痘接种法得以公认，并传播到欧美大陆及全世界，使天花的病死率大为下降。
【导读】其实在英语学习过程中，一般涉及到的内容就是词汇、听力、语法、口语、写作等等，听力和口语是有联系的，听力不好，口语自然就不好了，当然它们是可以通过训练来提升的，其实总的说来，自考英语学习都是需要结合一些方法，进行对应的练习才可以的，那么自考英语学习方法有哪些?如何有效进行备考呢?
自考英语学习方法
1、听力不好，口语就很差，我们应该跟着语音大声读出来，多读，培养起英语语感，然后再进行对话练习就好多了。
2、在听力和单词都很熟练的情况下，语法的构成及运用也是很重要的，如要不会运用语法，就会导致在与人交流和写作时遇到瓶颈。一旦作文写不好，学习英语就不知道综合掌握运用自如，成绩就会难有突破;即使掌握了听力、语法，阅读题还是有可能会做错，所以在我们的学习过程中，随便哪个专项薄弱，都不能取得好成绩。
3、语言重点，所谓语言重点就是口语学习初级和中级阶段的重点。以听说实践为主。目标是掌握大量的生活用语、固定表达法。学会交流。在选材时尽量选择生活会话教材。教材内的题材越熟悉，学习的效率就会越高。
自考英语备考建议
1、精读精练
学生用书的内容与考试联系紧密，建议大家买一本同步辅导作为辅助。一定要是官方且正规的书籍。同步辅导和课文的12个Module是对应的，在课文前增加了词语准备的部分，并指出学习重点，提供课文翻译和参考答案，做好了标注也能节约很多的学习时间。
2、做笔记
做笔记是一个恒古不变的话题，但是还是很多人不知道从何下手，我建议大家准备1到2本笔记本，一本用来记重点词汇和句型，另一本用来记错题和答题要点，这样方便复习。有所区分也能节约后期的复习时间，大家一定要根据自身情况有针对性地记笔记，切忌盲目记录，避免因为笔记拖慢学习进度，适得其反。笔记做好之后也要抽时间来查看和温习，才会有效果。
以上就是自考英语备考建议以及学习方法，希望对大家能有所帮助，自考英语的学习最重要的就是针对薄弱点，及时的查漏补缺，提高单词量的掌握，才是提高英语学习成绩的最好方法，当然对于词汇语法学习，自然要总结一些自考英语词汇语法答题技巧，听力和口语学习也是一样的，更多相关资讯，欢迎及时关注!
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阐述了大学英语四六级考试的性质、考试题型、命题原则和试题难度，向考生提供了试题的答案，介绍了在大学考试中常见的词汇。
自考本科英语二非常重要的考试科目，学习英语最重要的是背单词，背语法。下位小编为大家整理了50个自考英语二的高频知识点，考生可以参考。自考英语二语法知识点整理一、动词短语搭配1. be fond of “喜爱，爱好” 接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式[1] He's fond of swimming. 他喜欢游泳。[2] Are you fond of fresh vegetables. 你喜欢新鲜蔬菜吗？[3] He is fond of his research work. 他喜爱他的研究工作。2. hunt for = look for 寻找 hunt for a job 找工作3. in order to/so as to两个词组都可引导不定式作目的状语， in order to可放于句首， so as to则不能， 其否定形式为in order not to / so as not to.[1] He went to Beijing in order to/so as to attend an important meeting.[2] In order to be noticed, he shouted and waved to us.为了让我们注意他， 他朝我们又是叫喊又是挥手。4. care about[1] 喜欢，对……有兴趣 = care forShe doesn't care about money.她不喜欢钱。[2] 关心 = care forShe thinks only of herself. She doesn't care about other people. 她只考虑自己。不关心别人。[3] 在乎，在意（接从句或不接任何成分）These young people care nothing about what old people might say. 这些年轻人根本不在乎老人说的话。5. such as 意为“诸如……”，“像……”，是用来列举人或事物的。She teaches three subjects, such as physics and chemistry. 她教三门科目，像物理、化学。6. drop a line 留下便条， 写封短信7. make yourself at home 别客气；随便；无拘束If you get to my house before I do, help yourself to a drink and make yourself at home. 如果你在我之前到我家，自己喝点饮料，随便一点。8. stay up 不睡；熬夜[1] I'll be late home, don't stay up for me.我将回家很晚，不要等我了。[2] He stayed up reading until 2:00 in the morning.他熬夜看书直到凌晨两点。9. come about 引起；发生；产生[1] How did the accident come about?这场事故是怎么发生的？[2] They didn't know how the change had come about.他们不知道这个变化是怎样产生的。10. except for 除……之外[1] except 与 except for 的用法常有区别。except 多用于引起同类事物中被排除的一项。如：①He answered all the questions except the last one.除去最后一个，他回答了所有问题。②We go there everyday except Sunday.除了星期天，我们天天去那里。[2] except for 用于引述细节以修正句子的主要意思。如：①Except for oneold lady, the bus was empty.除去一个老太太，这辆公共汽车全空了。②Your picture isgood except for the colours.你的画儿很好，只是某些色彩有问题。[3] 但在现代英语中，except for也用于表示except的意思。如上述第一个例子可以是：He answered all the questions except for the last one.[4] 另外，在介词短语之前只能用except，不能用except for。We go to bed before ten, except in the summer.除了夏季，我们通常十点之前上床睡觉。11. end up with 以……告终；以……结束The party ended up with an English song.聚会以一首英文歌结束。12. more or less 几乎；差不多；大约；大概；大体上[1] I've more or less succeeded, but they haven't.我差不多成功了，而他们没有。[2] Our living condition has more or less improved.我们的生活水平或多或少提高了。13. bring in 引进；引来；吸收[1] We should bring in new technology.我们应该引进新技术。[2] He brings in 800 dollars a month.他一个月挣八百美元。14. get away（from） 逃离[1] The thieves got away from the shop with all our money.小偷带着我们所有的钱从商店逃跑了。[2] I caught a really big fish but it got away.我钓到了一条好大的鱼，可是它逃掉了。15. watch out （for）注意；留心[1] Watch out! There is a car coming.小心！汽车来了。[2] Watch out for the hole in the road.留神路上的那个坑。16. see sb. off 给某人送行Tomorrow I will see my friend off at the railway station.明天我到火车站给朋友送行。17. on the other hand 另一方面； 用以引出相互矛盾的观点、意见等，常说 on the one hand …… on the other hand 一方面……另一方面。I know this job of mine isn't well paid, but on the other hand I don't have to work long hours.我知道这份工作报酬不高，但从另一方面来说，我也不必工作太长时间。18. as well as 和/还 ， He is a talented musician as well as being a photographer.她不但是摄影师还是个天才的音乐家。19. take place 发生 take one's place 入座、站好位置、取得地位take sb's place 或 take the place of 代替、取代20. on fire 相当于burning, 意为“燃烧；着火；起火”，有静态的含意。catch fire有动态的含意。set…on fire/set fire to…用来表示“使……着火”、“放火烧……”。Look, the theatre is on fire! Let's go and help.瞧，剧院着火了，咱们去帮忙救火吧。21. on holiday 在度假，在休假中 When I was on holiday, I visited my uncle. 我在度假的时候去看望了叔叔。22. travel agency旅行社=travel bureau23. take off[1] 脱下（衣服等）， 解（除）掉 He took off his wet shoes.他脱下了湿鞋子。[2] （飞机）起飞 The plane took off on time. It was a smooth take-off.飞机准时起飞。起飞非常顺利。[3] 匆匆离开 The six men got into the car and took off for the park.这六个人上了车，匆匆离开去公园。24. go wrong v. 走错路， 误入岐途， （机器等）发生故障25. in all adv. 总共26. stay away v.外出27. look up 查询（如宾语为代词，则代词放中间） Look up the word in the dictionary. 在字典里查单词。相关词组：①look for 寻找；②look after照顾，照料；③look forward to期待；④look into调查；⑤look on旁观；⑥look out注意；⑦look out for注意，留心，提防；⑧look over翻阅，查看，检查；⑨look around环视；⑩look through翻阅，查看。28. run after 追逐，追求 If you run after two hares, you will catch neither.同时追两只兔子，你一只也抓不到。29. on the air 广播[1] We will be on the air in five minutes.我们五分钟以后开始广播。[2] This programme comes on the air at the same time every day.这个节目每天在同一时间播出。30. think highly/well/much of对……评价很高， 赞赏， 对……印象好；think badly/nothing/little/lowly of……认为不好， 对……不在意， 不赞成， 觉得……不怎么样[1] He was highly thought of by the manager.经理对他非常赞赏。[2] I think well of your suggestion.我觉得你的建议很好。[3] I don't think much of him as a teacher.我觉得他作为一个老师不怎么样。31. leave out[1] 漏掉 You made a mistake—You've left out a letter “t”。你出错了—你漏掉了一个字母t.[2] 删掉， 没用 I haven't changed or left out athing.我没有作出变动也没有删掉任何东西。32. stare at （由于好奇、激动等张着嘴巴，睁大眼睛地）[1] 凝视，盯着看 Don't stare at foreigners. It's impolite.不要盯着外国人看，这样不礼貌。[2] glare at （to stare angrily at）怒视着33. make jokes about 就……说笑 They make jokes about my old hat.他们就我的旧帽子说笑我。[1] have a joke with … about…跟某人开关于某事的玩笑He stopped to have a joke with me.他停下来跟我开玩笑。[2] play a joke on…开某人的玩笑 We played jokes on each other. 我们互相开玩笑。[3] v. joke about 取笑They joked about my broken English.他们取笑我蹩脚的英。34. take over 接管；接替；继承[1] What is good and still useful should be taken over.好的有用的东西应当继承。[2] Our chairman has left, so Jack will take over （his job）。我们的主席走了，因此杰克将接管（他的工作）。35. break down[1] 破坏；拆散 ①Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances. 人体中的化学元素把食物分解成有用的物质。 ②The peace talks are said to have broken down. （喻）据说和谈破裂了。[2]（机器）损坏 ①Our truck broke down outside town. 我们的卡车在城外抛锚了。 ②The car broke down halfway to the destination.汽车在到达目的地的中途抛锚了。[3] 失败；破裂 Their opposition broke down.他们的反对意见打消了。[4] 精神崩溃；失去控制 He broke down and wept. 他不禁失声痛哭。[5] 起化学变化 Food is broken down by chemicals. 化学物质引起食物转化。36. get on one's feet[1] 站起来；站起来发言[2] （=stand on one's feet）自立， 经济上独立[3] （人）病好了， 可以起床了； （使）恢复， 复苏（指企业）37. go through[1] 经历；经受；遭到 These countries have gone / been through too many wars.这些国家饱经战火。[2] 完成；做完I didn't want to go through college.我不想上完大学。[3] 通过；批准 ①The law has gone through Parliament. 议会已经通过了这项法案。②Their plans went through. 他们的计划得到了批准。[4] 全面检查；搜查 They went through our luggage at the customs.在海关他们检查了我们的行李。38.take over 接管；接替；继承①what is good and still useful should be taken over.好的有用的东西应当继承。②Our chairman has left, so Jack will take over （his job）。我们的主席走了，因此杰克将接管（他的工作）。二、常考句型39. “So + be/have/助动词/情态动词+主词”的结构。此结构中的语序是倒装的，“So”代替上句中的某个成分。如果上面一句是否定句，则使用“Neither/Nor+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语”的结构。[1] He's tired, and so am I. （=I' m also tired.）[2] You can swim，and so can I.（=I can also swim.）She has had supper，and so can I.（=I've had lunch，too.）[3] Tom speaks English，and so does his sister.（=His sister speaks English，too.）A: I went to the park yesterday.B: So did I.（=I also went to the park yesterday.）40.“So +主语+be/have/助动词/情态动词”结构中的主谓是正常语序，so相当于indeed,certainly, 表示说话人对前面或对方所说情况的肯定、赞同或证实，语气较强，意思是“确实如此”。A：It was cold yesterday.昨天很冷。B：So it was.的确如此。（=Yes，it was.）A：You seem to like sports.B：So I do.（=Yes，I do.）A：It will be fine tomorrow.B：So it will.（=Yes ，it will.）41.“主语+do/does/did + so”结构指的是按上句的要求做了。此句型中do so代替上文中要求做的事，以免重复。My Chinese teacher told me to hand in my composition on time and I did so.（=I handed inmy composition on time.） 语文老师叫我按时交作文， 我照办了。42. So it is with…或 It is the same with…句型表示 “……（的情况）也是如此。”当前面的句子中有几种不同形式的谓语时，要表示相同情况，必须使用本句型，不能使用so 引起的倒装句。She doesn't play the piano, but she likes singing. So it is with my sister.43. There you are. 行了，好。 这是一句表示一种事情告一段落或有了最终结果的用语。[1] There you are! Then let's have some coffee.除此之外，还可以表示“瞧，对吧（果然如此）”的语气。[2] There you are! I knew we should find it at last.对吧！我就知道我们最终能找到的。44. have some difficulty （in） doing sth. 干某事有困难；接名词时，常用句型：have some difficulty with sth.[1] Do you have any difficulty （in） understanding English?你理解英语口语有困难吗？[2] She said she had some difficulty with pronunciation.她说她在发音方面有困难。45. have a good knowledge of sth. “掌握……”，“对……有某种程度的了解”[1] He has a good knowledge of London.他对伦敦有所了解。[2] A good knowledge of languages is always useful.三、长难句46. Wei Bin took out some peanuts and it was fun to see the monkey eat from his hand.魏彬拿出一些花生。看着猴子从他手上吃花生，很有趣。[1] fun “好玩，趣事”，不可数名词，前面不加不定冠词aYou're sure to have some fun at the party tonight. 今天晚上你肯定会玩得很开心。[2] make fun of“取笑”，“嘲弄”。People make fun of him only because he is wearing such a strange jacket.人们嘲笑他只是因为他穿了一件那么奇怪的衣服。funny adj. “可笑的，滑稽的”He looks very funny in his father's jacket.他穿着他父亲的衣服，看上去很滑稽。47. It is polite to finish eating everything on your plate.把你盘子里所有东西吃完是有礼貌的。这是一个动词不定式作主语的句型，其中to finish eating everything 是主语，it是形式主语。四、常考语法48. 直接引语和间接引语[1] 直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。（一般过去时改成过去完成时）I broke your CD player.→He told me he had broken my CD player.（现在完成时改成过去完成时）Jenny said, “I have lost a book.”→Jenny said she had lost a book.（一般将来时改成过去将来时）Mum said, “I'll go to see a friend.”→Mum said she would go to see a friend.（过去完成时保留原有的时态）He said, “We hadn't finished our homework.”→He said they hadn't finished their homework.注意：直接引语是客观真理，过去进行时，时态不变。[2] 在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语时第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。如：Mary said, “My brother is an engineer.”→Mary said her brother was and engineer.[3] 直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句。如：He said, “Can you run, Mike?”→He asked Mike whether/if he could run.[4] 直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell（ask, order, beg等） （not） to do sth.”句型。如：“Pass me the water, please.”said he.→He asked him to pass her the water.[5] 直接引语如果是以“Let's”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动名词或从句”的结构。如：She said, “Let's go to the cinema.”→She suggested going to the cinema.或She suggested that they should go to the cinema.49. 现在进行时表将来的动作现在进行时表将来的动作，谓语通常为瞬间动词。如：come, go, arrive, leave, start, return, stay, meet, get等。这些动词的进行时后不能再接具体的时间。[1] 用现在进行时表示将来，指的是近期的，按计划或安排要发生的动作。[2] 现在进行时表示将来与表示正在进行的动作的区别在于：前者通常用瞬间动词（有时一些常用动词也可以这样用如：do）如：go, come, start, return, get, arrive等。而后者通常是持续性动词。① The train is arriving soon. 火车就要进站了。② He is reading a novel. 他在看小说。[3] 用现在进行时表示将来的时间，在句中或上下文中通常有表示将来时间的状语。[4] 现在进行时与一般现在时表示将来动作的区别在于：前者表示的将来的动作往往是可以改变的，而后者则是根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作或事情，因此往往是不可改变或不可随便改变的。① What are you doing next Friday?下星期五你们打算干什么？② The plane takes off at 7：30 tonight.飞机今晚七点半起飞。50. 主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有as well as, but ,except, besides, with ,along with, together with, like 等，谓语动词仍用单数。The teacher as well as his students is excited.报考考试有疑问、不知道如何考点内容、不清楚报考考试当地政策，点击底部咨询猎考网，免费获取个人学历提升方案：
Unit4（第11讲—第13讲） 3. Meaningfulness affects memory at all levels. affect 是动词，意思是“影响”。常常会有一些英语学习者把动词affect和名词effect混淆，请注意下面的句子： 1） The drought would surely affect the harvest.（这场干旱肯定会影响到收成。） 2） Excessive smoking affected his health， bad coughs often made it difficult to breathe.（过度吸烟影响了他的健康，严重的咳嗽使他难以呼吸。） 3） Psychologists believe that colors have a definite effect on people.（心理学家认为颜色对人肯定有影响。） 4） We could all see the effects of the illness on him.（我们都能看出那场病在的身上的影响。） 5） 职务的变化使他的收入大受影响。（The change in position greatly affected his income.） 6） 他的话对听众没有任何影响作用。（What he said had little effect on the audience.） 4. Information that doesn't make any sense to you is difficult to remember. that引导的定语从句修饰information； 主句是Information is difficult to remember. 不定式to remember 用在做表语用的形容词后面作状语。请看下面的句子： 1） Einstein was easy to get along with.（爱因斯坦很容易相处。） 2） To many foreigners， Chinese is hard to learn.（对许多外国人来说汉语很难学。） 3） The water in this river is not fit to drink.（这条河里的水不适合饮用。） 4） This question is very difficult to answer.（这个问题很难回答。） make sense 的意思是“有意义；可理解”。请看下面的句子： 1） No matter how you read it， this sentence doesn't make any sense to me.（无论你怎么读，我都不理解这个句子。） 2） What the writer wanted to express in his book doesn't make any sense to the readers.（读者们无法理解作者在书中所要表达的意思。） 3） His explanation makes no sense to his students.（学生们不理解他的解释。） 5. Organization also makes a difference in our ability to remember. 动词不定式to remember在句中做定语，修饰名词ability.请看下面的句子： 1） You should have confidence in your ability to fulfill the task.（你们应对自己完成认务的能力有信心。） 2） He has kept the promise to come early in the morning.（他遵守了一大早来的诺言。） 3） They have the determination to overcome all the difficulties.（他们有克服所有困难的决心。） 4） We could see her anxiety to solve the problem.（我们能看出她急于解决这个问题。） make a difference 的意思是“有关系；有影响；起作用”。请看下面的句子： 1） What he said would not make any difference in my decision-making.（他说的话不会对我做决定产生任何影响。） 2） Your participation in the work will make a great difference.（你参与我们的工作，情况就不一样了。） 3） Money won't make much difference to him.（钱对他起不了多大作用。） 4） I didn't like the appearance of the house， but the location and price made all the difference.（我不喜欢那房子的外观，但它的位置和价格起了重要作用。） 6. Material that is organized is better remembered than jumbled information. 句中的better是副词well的比较级形式，意思是“更好地”。请看下面的句子： 1） This story is better written than that one.（这个故事写得比那个好。） 2） This room is better furnished than that one.（这间屋子装饰得比那间好。） 3） This team is better trained than that one.（这个队训练得比那个队好。） 4） This job is better paid than that one.（这份工作的报酬比那份高。） information是一个不可数名词，不能在其后加“-s”。请看例句： 1） There are many ways of obtaining information.（获得信息的途径很多。） 2） So far I haven't got any information about the game.（我至今还没有得到有关比赛的任何消息。） 3） I am sure this piece of information will be of great value to them.（我肯定这一消息对他们会很有价值。） 7. Chunking consists of grouping separate bits of information. 在第一单元的Text B中我们已经对consist of有所了解。这一词组的意思是“由…组成”，它与be made up of；be composed of 的意思相近，但consist of 不用被动语态。请看例句： 1） The United States consists of 50 states.（美国由50个州组成。） 2） The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.（英国由大不立颠和北爱尔兰组成。） 3） Their team is made up of 6 team members.（他们队由6名队员组成。） 4） Our class is made up of 45 students.（我们班由45名同学组成。） a bit在句中的意思是“一点，一些”，它可以用在形容词的前面， 但是不能用在名词的前面。在名词前面必须用a bit of.请看下面的例句： 1） I am a bit tired today.（我今天有点累。） 2） He said he was bit hungry.（他说他有点饿。） 3） Your article is a bit long for our paper. （你的文章对我们的报纸来说有点长了。） 4） He gave the bird a bit of water. （他给了鸟儿一点水。） 5） I would appreciate it if you could give me a bit of good advice.（如果你能给我一点宝贵建议我会很感激的。） 6） I only know a bit of Spanish. （我只懂一点点西班牙语。） 8. Categorizing is another means of organization. 句中的means是一个名词，意思是“方式；手段”，它不是动词mean的第三人称单数。请看下面的例句： 1） The quickest means of travel is by plane. （最快的旅行方式是乘飞机。） 2） Bicycle is the most convenient means of transport. （自行车是最方便的交通工具。） 3） Email is a modern means of communication. （电子邮件是一种现代通讯方式。） 4） He means what he says. （他说话算数。） 5） Forgetting the past means betrayal. （忘记过去就意味着背叛。） 9. Many people will group them into similar categories and remember them as follows： group into在句中的意思是“把…分组；把…归类”。请看例句： 1） We can group the animals into several types. （我们可以把这些动物归成几类。） 2） Group the words into similar categories and they will be more easily to remember.（把类型相似的单词归类，记起来就更容易了。） as follows 的意思是“如下”，请看例句： 1） The full text reads as follows： （全文如下：） 2） The results are as follows： （结果如下：） 10. Association refers to taking the material we want to remember and relating it tosomething we remember accurately. refer to这一词组的意思很多，我们在单词部分已做过讲解。该词组在本句中的意思是“涉及；指”。请看下面的句子： 1） In the second chapter I will refer to this point again.（在第二章中，我还会提到这一点的。） 2） The numbers in my article refer to the footnotes.（我文章中的数目字指的是注脚。） 3） The author referred to his grandfather several times in his story.（作者在他的故事中几次提到他的祖父。） we want to remember 和we remember accurately都是省略了that的定语从句，前者修饰material，后者修饰something.请看例句： 1） The book you gave me is very interesting.（你给我的那本书很有趣。） 2） The news he told me disturbed all of us greatly.（他告诉我的那个消息使我们大家深感不安。） 3） The information you gathered is of great help to me.（你收集的那些信息对我很有帮助。） 句子中的it指的是the material.relate…to 在句子中的意思是“与…有关系”，请看例句： 1） His talk mainly related to environmental protection.（他的讲话主要是关于环境保护的。） 2） This regulation relates only to children under 12.（这一规则仅适用于12岁以下儿童。） 11. Research has shown striking improvements in many types of memory tasks when people are asked to visualize the items to be remembered. striking在句子中做形容词用，意思是“显著的，引人注目的”，请看例句： 1） They made a striking commercial success within 5 years.（在5年的时间里，他们在商业上取得了惊人的成功。） 2） Helen's facial features bore a striking resemblance to her mother's.（海伦的面部特征与她的母亲十分相像。） 3） I am not sure whether he can make it this time. I just feel he has a striking lack of confidence.（我不能确定他这次能否成功，其只是觉得他明显信心不足。） to be remembered不定式的被动形式做定语，修饰the items.请看例句： 1） There are a lot of things to be done.（有很多事要做。） 2） Are you going to the press conference to be held this weekend？（你准备参加本周末举行的记者招待会吗？） 3） This was the first project to be designed John's brother. （这是约翰的哥哥设计的第一个工程。） 12. In one study， subjects in one group were asked to learn some words using imagery， while the second group used repetition to learn the words. subject在本句中做名词用，意思是“受试者，实验对象”。Subject这个词的词义很多，请看例句，注意subject的词义： 1） The subject of today's discussion is “Population and Education”。（今天讨论的题目是“人口与教育”。） 2） The teacher explained in details the subject of the story to the whole class.（老师把故事的主题详细讲给全班同学听。） 3） How many subjects are you taking this semester？（这学期你选几门课？） 4） He became the subject for ridicule.（他成了人们取笑的对象。） 5） Rabbits and mice are often subjects for medical experiments.（兔和鼠常被用作医学实验的对象。） 6） He is a Chinese subject.（他是中国国民。） 7） This sentence doesn't have a subject.（这个句子没有主语。） subject还常常做动词或形容词用，请看例句： 1） The country was once subjected to foreign rule.（这个国家曾一度受外国统治。） 2） Taipei was subjected to serious earthquakes last year.（台北去年遭受了严重的地震灾害。） 3） We are all subject to the laws of nature.（我们都要受自然规律的支配。） 4） The child is very subject to coughs.（这孩子动不动就咳嗽。） 5） All men are subject to death.（人总有一死。） while 在句子中做连词用，意思是“而，然而”。while也是一个多义词，请注意下面例句中while 的意思： 1） Strike while the iron is hot.（趁热打铁。） 2） He listened to the radio while he was doing his homework.（他一边听收音机，一边做作业。） 3） He is talkative while his twin brother is of few words.（他很健谈，而他的孪生兄弟则少言寡语。） 4） While the old man is respected， he is not well liked.（这个老人很受尊敬，但不太受喜欢。） 5） You will succeed sooner or later while you don't lose heart.（只要你不失去信心，你迟早会成功。） using imagery分词做状语，表示方式，请看例句： 1） They stood there waiting for the bus. 2） She had to work standing up. 13. Thus forming an integrated image with all the information placed in a single mental picture can help us to preserve a memory. 划线部分是该句的主要成分，forming an integrated image动名词短语做主语，can help做谓语，us to preserve a memory做复合宾语。 斜体部分是一个“with + 名词 + 过去分词”的独立结构，做方式状语，修饰动名词短语forming an integrated image. 不定式与名词或代词构成复合结构，做动词宾语的现象在英语中很常见，在前几讲中我们也遇到过。再请看几个例句： 1） Would you like Tom to go with you？（你愿意汤姆和你一起去吗？） 2） He wants you to see him in the afternoon.（他想让你下午去见他。） 3） Father encouraged him to study harder.（父亲鼓励他更加努力学习。） 4） I will get someone to help you.（我去找个人来帮你。） “with + 名词 + 过去分词”的独立结构在英语中也很常见，请看例句： 1） With the problem solved， the plan is going on smoothly.（随着这个问题的解决，计划正顺利进行。） 2） Standing there is a torture to her， with so many eyes fixed on her.（这么多人注视着她，于她而言，站在那儿是一种折磨。） 本课主要词组及句型 词组： 1. focus on 2. a number of 3. at all levels 4. make sense 5. make a difference 6. in random order 7. consist of 8. group into 9. as follows 10. needless to say 11. refer to 12. relate…to 13. associate with 14. compare with 句型： A.定语从句 1） Psychological research has focused on a number of basic principles that helps memory. 2） Information that does not make any sense to you is difficult to remember 3） There are several ways in which we can make material more meaningful. 4） Material that is organized is better remembered than jumbled information. 5） Association refers to taking the material we want to remember and relating it to something we remember accurately. B. 动名词做主语 1） Chunking consists of grouping separate bits of information. 2） Categorizing is another means of organization. 3） Forming an integrated image with all the information placed in a single mental picture can help us to preserve a memory. Text B Short-term Memory 短语表达 1. at a later time Go ahead with your work， I will give you a call at a later time. I am not sure if I can remember all this at a later time. 2. in contrast （with / to） Helen is very talkative. In contrast， her elder sister is silent. His rudeness was in striking contrast with Jack's thoughtfulness. 3. look up I don't remember Tom's telephone number， will you please look it up in the telephone book for me？ Look up the dictionary for the meaning of this new word. 4. be unable to I am really sorry that I was unable to give you a call beforehand. He was unable to provide us with more information. 5. be released from He was released from prison after he had been kept there for 5 years. He was released from a hospital last week after treatment for a disease. 6. be rewarded with The winner was rewarded with gift of fruit and flowers. If the rat could find the right door， it would be rewarded with food.