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欧美文学自学考试真题答案

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欧美文学自学考试真题答案

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欧美文学自学考试真题答案

全国2008年10月高等教育自学考试外国文学史试题课程代码:00540一、单项选择题(本大题共24小题,每小题1分,共24分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的,请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。1.古希腊神话中,爱神的名字是(C )P15A.雅典娜 B.维纳斯C.阿弗洛狄忒 D.阿耳忒弥斯2.《伊利昂纪》的主题是(A )P18A.战争 B.和平C.自由 D.平等3.莎士比亚悲剧中的麦克白杀死国王,目的是( C )P63A.报杀父之仇 B.伸张正义C.满足权欲和野心 D.雪夺妻之恨4.但丁将《新生》献给了他钟爱的少女,这个少女是( A )P41A.贝亚特丽齐 B.绿蒂C.劳拉 D.玛加蕾特5.“大学才子派”指的是( A )P53A.英国文艺复兴时期的一批戏剧家 B.法国贵族派人文主义团体C.德国浪漫主义文学团体 D.意大利中世纪后期诗歌流派6.17世纪法国古典主义的哲学基础是( B)P72A.人文主义 B.唯理主义C.现实主义 D.民族主义7.弥尔顿在长诗《复乐园》中叙述的主要故事是( D )P70A.亚当、夏娃被撒旦诱惑 B.耶稣被撒旦诱惑C.亚当、夏娃不为撒旦所诱惑 D.耶稣不为撒旦所诱惑8.18世纪法国哲理小说的开创性作品是( C )A.《爱弥儿》教育小说 B.《忏悔录》自传体小说C.《新爱洛绮丝》书信小说 D.《波斯人信札》9.海涅全面抨击德国浪漫派的著作是( B )P101A.《儿童的奇异号角》 B.《论浪漫派》C.《西里西亚纺织工人》 D.《德国—一个冬天的童话》10.霍桑创作的被称为“心理罗曼史”的小说是( B )P108A.《古屋青苔》 B.《红字》C.《福谷传奇》 D.《玉石雕像》11.陀思妥耶夫斯基在《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》中通过一个人性善的代表人物为人类指出了上帝安排的道路,这个人物是( D )p168A.德米特里 B.伊凡C.斯麦尔佳科夫 D.阿辽沙12.马克•吐温在《哈克贝利•费恩历险记》中塑造了一个追求自由的黑奴形象,他的名字是( B )P201-202A.汤姆 B.吉姆C.哈克 D.山姆13.左拉最著名的描写劳资矛盾的小说是( D )P179A.《金钱》 B.《娜娜》C.《小酒店》 D.《萌芽》14.唯美主义悲剧《莎乐美》的作者是( C )A.戈蒂耶 B.佩特C.王尔德 D.兰波15.被称为“美国的莫泊桑”的著名作家是( D )P216A.伯尔 B.杰克•伦敦C.厄普顿•辛克莱 D.欧•亨利16.把中国古典文学名著《水浒传》翻译为英语的美国作家是( C )P218A.福克纳 B.塞林格C.赛珍珠 D.伍尔夫17.在世界文学史上开辟了无产阶级文学新纪元的作品是( C )P224A.《海燕》 B.《我的大学》C.《母亲》 D.《鹰之歌》18.有“欧洲的良心”之称的作家是( B )P231-233A.亨利希•曼 B.罗曼•罗兰C.高尔基 D.托尔斯泰19.以“一个家族的没落”为副标题,直接点出“崩溃”主题的作品是( B )P214A.《福尔赛世家》 B.《布登勃洛克一家》C.《美国的悲剧》 D.《约瑟夫和他的兄弟们》20.《辛伯达航海旅行的故事》所属的故事集是( B )P337A.《十日谈》 B.《一千零一夜》C.《坎特伯雷故事集》 D.《惩恶扬善故事集》21.下列四部希伯来经典中最重要的一部是( A )P315A.《圣经》 B.《次经》C.《伪经》 D.《死海古卷》22.波斯文学史上被称为“诗歌之父”的是( B )p325A.菲尔多西 B.鲁达基C.萨迪 D.哈菲兹23.日本近代著名作家夏目漱石的代表作是( A )P352A.《我是猫》 B.《门》C.《三四郎》 D.《其后》24.获诺贝尔文学奖的埃及当代作家是( D )P393A.索因卡 B.泰戈尔C.戈迪默 D.马哈福兹

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欧美文学自学考试真题及答案

前面那为兄台回答已经很完整了。/

41.“Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer’s lease hath all too short a date:” Questions: A.Identify the poet and the poem from which the quoted lines are taken. B.Name the figure of speech employed in the poem. C.What is the theme of the poem? 42.“Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? —You think wrong!… And if God had gifted me with some beauty, and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you…—it is my spirit that addresses your spirit; just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at God’s feet, equal—as we are!” Questions: A.Identify the author and the novel from which the quoted part is taken. B.To whom is the speaker speaking? C.What does the quoted part imply about the speaker? 43.“The woods are lovely, dark and deep, But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep.” Questions: A.Identify the poet and the poem from which the quoted lines are taken. B.What does the word “sleep” mean? C.What idea do the four lines express? 44.“I celebrate myself, and sing myself, And what I assume you shall assume, For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you. I loafe and invite my soul, I learn and loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer grass.” (from Walt Whitman’s “Song of Myself”) Questions: A.Whom does “myself” refer to? B.How do you understand the line “I loafe and invite my soul”? C.What does “a spear of summer grass” indicate?该文章转载自无忧考网:

可以参考这里,希望对你有帮助

欧美文学自学考试真题

一、单项选择题(本大题共26小题,每小题1分,共26分)在每小题列出的四个备选项目中 只有一个是符号题目要求的,请将其代码填写的括号内.错选、多选或未选均无分。 1.亚里士多德文艺理论的代表作是() A. 《理想国》 B. 《伊安篇》C. 《诗学》 D. 《诗艺》答案:C2.古希腊罗马神话和英雄传说的汇编《变形记》的作者是() A. 奥维德 B. 维吉尔C. 贺拉斯 D. 阿普列尤斯答案:A3.中世纪法国骑士抒情诗中最著名的是() A. 牧歌B. 破晓歌 C. 夜歌 D. 怨歌答案:B4.欧洲中世纪的后期英雄史诗中最具代表性的是() A. 《罗兰之歌》 B. 《熙德之歌》 C. 《尼伯龙根之歌》D. 《伊戈尔远征记》答案:A5.薄伽丘的小说《十日谈》采用的结构形式是()A. B. C. D.答案:D拱形结构 单线结构 双线结构 框形结构6.对话体幻想小说《乌托邦》的作者是()1A.B.托马斯·\u33707X尔罗伯特·\u26684X林C. 约翰·\u26446X利 D. 马洛答案:A7.使法国古典主义悲剧走向成熟的作家是() A. 高乃依 B. 拉辛 C. 布瓦洛D. 拉封丹答案:B8.被称为“德国第一部有政治倾向性的戏剧”是() A. 《强盗》 B. 《阴谋与爱情》C. 《华伦斯坦》 D. 《浮士德》答案:B9.德国浪漫主义文学在发展过程中形成了三个中心,最早的一个是()A. B. C. D.答案:A耶拿派 海德堡派 柏林派 湖畔派10.法国浪漫主义战胜古典主义的标志性事件是() A. 《欧那尼》上演 B. 《克伦威尔》上演C. 《伪君子》上演 D. 《茶花女》上演答案:A11.著名的革命民主主义诗人裴多菲是() A. 波兰人 B. 罗马尼亚人C. 匈牙利人 D. 保加利亚人答案:C12.代表19世纪英国文学最高成就的作家是()2A. 萨克雷B.狄更斯C. 盖斯凯尔夫人 D. 哈代答案:B13.巴赫金认为创造了“复调小说”的作家是() A. 拉伯雷 B. 福楼拜 C. 大仲马D. 陀思妥耶夫斯基答案:D14.美国废奴文学的代表作是() A. 《白鲸》 B. 《汤姆大伯的小屋》C. 《汤姆·\u32034X亚历险记》 D. 《哈克贝利·\u36153X恩历险记》答案:B15.法国著名的自然主义小说家和理论家是()A. B. C. D.答案:B龚古尔兄弟 左拉 都德 莫泊桑16.“为中国题材小说作出了开拓性贡献”而获诺贝尔文学奖的美国作家是()A. 杰克·\u20262X敦 B. 马克·\u21520X温 C. 赛珍珠 D. 索尔·\u36125X娄答案:C17.高尔基早期描写流浪汉生活的代表作是() A. 《伊则吉尔老婆子》 B. 《少女与死神》C. 《切尔卡什》 D. 《在底层》答案:C18.意识流小说《墙上的斑点》的作者是()3A. 乔伊斯B. C.答案:C福克纳 沃尔夫D. 普鲁斯特 19.“他 人就是地狱”出自于萨特的作品,该作品是() A. 《禁闭》 B. 《苍蝇》 C. 《恶心》D. 《死无葬身之地》答案:A20.魔幻现实主义代表作家加西亚·\u39532X尔克斯是() A. 墨西哥作家 B. 危地马拉作家C. 古巴作家 D. 哥伦比亚作家答案:D21.《旧约》中《雅歌》主要表现的是()A. B. C. D.答案:A爱情主题 和平主题 战争主题 复仇主题22.印度古代文学史上最杰出的诗人和剧作家是() A. 首陀罗迦 B. 广博仙人C. 迦梨陀娑 D. 蚁垤仙人答案:C23.波斯文学史上被称为“诗歌之父”的是() A. 鲁达基 B. 菲尔多西C. 哈菲兹 D. 萨迪答案:A24.日本近代新思潮派的代表作家是()4A. B. C. D.答案:A芥川龙之介 菊池宽 志贺直哉 岛崎藤村25.《先知》的作者纪伯伦是() A. 埃及现代派作家 B. 白桦派作家 C. 叙美派作家D. 唯美派作家答案:C26.获得诺贝尔文学奖的尼日利亚作家是() A. 桑戈尔 B. 戈迪默C. 阿契贝 D. 索因卡答案:D二、多项选择题(本大题共6题,每小题2分,共12分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中至少有两个是符号题目要求的,请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选、少选或未选均无分。 1.《伊利昂纪》中塑造的主要英雄人物有() A. 雅典娜 B. 阿佛洛狄忒 C. 阿喀琉斯 D. 阿伽门农E. 赫克托耳答案:C^D^E^2.英国诗人弥尔顿创作的以《圣经》为题材的长诗有() A. 《失乐园》《士师记》 答案:A^C^D^B. C. D. E.《创世记》 《复乐园》 《力士参孙》3.18世纪法国的启蒙作家有()5A. 伏尔泰B.狄德罗C. 笛福D. 菲尔丁E. 卢梭答案:A^B^E^4.巴尔扎克将《人间喜剧》分成几个部分,它们是() A. 风俗研究 B. 哲学研究C. 分析研究 D. 政治研究 E. 军事研究答案:A^B^C^5.对意识流小说的产生具有重大影响的心理学家和哲学家是()柏格森 答案:A^C^E^A. B. C. D. E.詹姆斯 尼采 弗洛伊德 萨特6.古代东方文学主要有() A. 古希腊文学希伯来文学 巴比伦文学 答案:B^C^D^E^B. C. D. E.古埃及文学 古印度文学三、名词解释题(本大题共5小题,每小题4分,共20分)市民文学 答案:市民文学:是随着城市的出现和市民阶级的形成而产生的文学。大多是民间创作,直接取 材于现实,反映市民的审美情趣。主要体裁有韵文故事、讽刺故事诗、抒情诗和市民戏剧。1.2.“三一律”答案:“三一律”:是古典主义戏剧创作的规则。要求一个剧本只能有一个情节线索,剧情只能发生在同一地点,时间不准超过一昼夜,即24小时。3.“多余人”6答案:“多余人”:是19世纪俄国文学中贵族知识分子的一种典型。他们大多受到启蒙思想的影 响,厌倦上流社会的生活,但没有明确的生活目标,缺乏行动的能力和勇气。 代表人物有奥涅金、毕巧林等。4.“战壕真实派” 答案:“战壕真实派”:是20世纪50年代中期诞生于苏联的一个文学流派。作家根据自己的切身 体验描绘普通士兵和下级军官们在战场上的遭遇和真实感受,尽力突出战壕真实。代表作家有邦 达列夫等。 新感觉派 答案:新感觉派:是日本现代文坛上的一个文学流派。其创作在相当程度上接受了西方现代主义 文学的影响,企图以新感觉、新认识、新表现来革新文学。代表作家有横光利一、川端康成等。5.四、简答题(本大题共3小题,每小题6分,共18分)简述希腊神话的特点。 答案:(1)神是高度人格化的,神、人同形同性。(2分) (2)体现出浓郁的人本主义色彩。(2分) (3)想象丰富,内容生动,故事优美。(2分)1.简述《荒原》中象征手法的运用。 答案:(1)创造性地运用象征手法进行创作。(1分) (2)典故典义的使用、意象的营造与象征的使用密切结合。(2分) (3)长诗的题目、各章的标题以及题词有一定的象征性,作品的神话学框架、中心意象荒原以及 水、火、雷霆等意象,都有深刻的象征意义。(3分)2.简述《一千零一夜》的思想内容。 答案:(1)赞颂人民在与邪恶势力斗争中所表现出的惊人智慧和才能。(2分) (2)揭露了统治者贪婪丑恶的本质。(1分)3.(3)讴歌青年男女之间正当、纯洁的爱情。(1分) (4)反映广大人民普遍置身其中的艰苦环境。(1分) (5)描写商人经商冒险的生活。(1分)五、论述题(本大题共2小题,每小题12分,共24分)分析哈姆莱特形象。 答案:(1)哈姆莱特是一个处于理想与现实矛盾中的人文主义者的形象。 (2分) (2)他曾经是一个充满人文主义理想的快乐王子,但严酷的现实打破了他的理想和信念。他在复 仇行动上的犹豫显示出人文主义理想与封建势力之间力量的悬殊;他的复仇及其悲剧具有深刻的 社会意义。 (6分) (3)他是一个深沉的思想家,他从人文主义的立场考察、思考现实,对人性的深沉思考,成为近 代以来欧洲文学关于人的问题思索的开端。 (4分)1.7注:要求结合作品进行阐述。8论述《巴黎圣母院》美丑对照原则的运用。 答案:(1)雨果在《〈克伦威尔〉序言》中,根据现实社会中丑就在美的旁边,畸形靠近着优美 ,崇高的背后藏着粗俗,善与恶并存,黑暗与光明相共的实际,提出艺术上丑恶滑稽和典雅高尚2.相结合的美学原则。(2分) (2)人物形象的对照,是《巴黎圣母院》对照艺术的精髓,主要通过人物自身的对比以及对爱情 的态度构成对比表现出来。作家还通过人物的相互关系的描写,形成彼此间的强烈对照。(6分) (3)对照艺术还体现在情节、场景对照方面。(4分) 注:要求结合作品进行阐述

我刚刚看了一下 就有一小半的题会不好意思啊。。

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二十世纪欧美文学史自考真题答案

全国2008年10月高等教育自学考试外国文学史试题课程代码:00540一、单项选择题(本大题共24小题,每小题1分,共24分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的,请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。1.古希腊神话中,爱神的名字是(C )P15A.雅典娜 B.维纳斯C.阿弗洛狄忒 D.阿耳忒弥斯2.《伊利昂纪》的主题是(A )P18A.战争 B.和平C.自由 D.平等3.莎士比亚悲剧中的麦克白杀死国王,目的是( C )P63A.报杀父之仇 B.伸张正义C.满足权欲和野心 D.雪夺妻之恨4.但丁将《新生》献给了他钟爱的少女,这个少女是( A )P41A.贝亚特丽齐 B.绿蒂C.劳拉 D.玛加蕾特5.“大学才子派”指的是( A )P53A.英国文艺复兴时期的一批戏剧家 B.法国贵族派人文主义团体C.德国浪漫主义文学团体 D.意大利中世纪后期诗歌流派6.17世纪法国古典主义的哲学基础是( B)P72A.人文主义 B.唯理主义C.现实主义 D.民族主义7.弥尔顿在长诗《复乐园》中叙述的主要故事是( D )P70A.亚当、夏娃被撒旦诱惑 B.耶稣被撒旦诱惑C.亚当、夏娃不为撒旦所诱惑 D.耶稣不为撒旦所诱惑8.18世纪法国哲理小说的开创性作品是( C )A.《爱弥儿》教育小说 B.《忏悔录》自传体小说C.《新爱洛绮丝》书信小说 D.《波斯人信札》9.海涅全面抨击德国浪漫派的著作是( B )P101A.《儿童的奇异号角》 B.《论浪漫派》C.《西里西亚纺织工人》 D.《德国—一个冬天的童话》10.霍桑创作的被称为“心理罗曼史”的小说是( B )P108A.《古屋青苔》 B.《红字》C.《福谷传奇》 D.《玉石雕像》11.陀思妥耶夫斯基在《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》中通过一个人性善的代表人物为人类指出了上帝安排的道路,这个人物是( D )p168A.德米特里 B.伊凡C.斯麦尔佳科夫 D.阿辽沙12.马克•吐温在《哈克贝利•费恩历险记》中塑造了一个追求自由的黑奴形象,他的名字是( B )P201-202A.汤姆 B.吉姆C.哈克 D.山姆13.左拉最著名的描写劳资矛盾的小说是( D )P179A.《金钱》 B.《娜娜》C.《小酒店》 D.《萌芽》14.唯美主义悲剧《莎乐美》的作者是( C )A.戈蒂耶 B.佩特C.王尔德 D.兰波15.被称为“美国的莫泊桑”的著名作家是( D )P216A.伯尔 B.杰克•伦敦C.厄普顿•辛克莱 D.欧•亨利16.把中国古典文学名著《水浒传》翻译为英语的美国作家是( C )P218A.福克纳 B.塞林格C.赛珍珠 D.伍尔夫17.在世界文学史上开辟了无产阶级文学新纪元的作品是( C )P224A.《海燕》 B.《我的大学》C.《母亲》 D.《鹰之歌》18.有“欧洲的良心”之称的作家是( B )P231-233A.亨利希•曼 B.罗曼•罗兰C.高尔基 D.托尔斯泰19.以“一个家族的没落”为副标题,直接点出“崩溃”主题的作品是( B )P214A.《福尔赛世家》 B.《布登勃洛克一家》C.《美国的悲剧》 D.《约瑟夫和他的兄弟们》20.《辛伯达航海旅行的故事》所属的故事集是( B )P337A.《十日谈》 B.《一千零一夜》C.《坎特伯雷故事集》 D.《惩恶扬善故事集》21.下列四部希伯来经典中最重要的一部是( A )P315A.《圣经》 B.《次经》C.《伪经》 D.《死海古卷》22.波斯文学史上被称为“诗歌之父”的是( B )p325A.菲尔多西 B.鲁达基C.萨迪 D.哈菲兹23.日本近代著名作家夏目漱石的代表作是( A )P352A.《我是猫》 B.《门》C.《三四郎》 D.《其后》24.获诺贝尔文学奖的埃及当代作家是( D )P393A.索因卡 B.泰戈尔C.戈迪默 D.马哈福兹

选择题 □ 古代希腊罗马是欧洲文化的发源地。 □ 恩格斯说:“没有奴隶制,就没有罗马帝国。没有希腊文化和罗马帝国所奠定的基础,也就没有现代的欧洲”。 □ 古希腊位于地中海东北部,这一地区的文化史称“克里特-迈锡尼文化”。 □ 荷马时代或英雄时代,最重要的文学成就是神话和诗史。 □ 希腊神话诸神。 地母:该亚、天神:乌拉诺斯、雷电之神:宙斯、太阳神:阿波罗、智慧女神:雅典娜、月亮神:阿尔忒弥斯、战神:阿瑞斯、美神:阿佛罗狄特、火神:赫菲斯拖斯、神使:赫尔墨斯。 □ 希腊神话的特点是人神同形同性。 □ 古希腊的三大抒情竖歌诗人是阿尔凯奥斯、萨福、阿那克瑞翁。 □ 古希腊最的女诗人是萨福,被誉为第十位文艺女神。 □ 古希腊最重要的合唱琴歌诗人是品达罗斯。 □ 古希腊最的讽刺诗人是阿耳喀罗科斯。 □ 《伊索寓言》产生于奴隶制城邦形成时期。 □ 古希腊的文化中心是雅典。 □ 亚里士多德的文艺理论著作是《诗学》。 □ “新喜剧”的重要作家是米南德,代表作是《恨世者》和《萨摩斯女子》。 □ 罗马的戏剧是在罗马原有的民间戏剧的基础上,接受希腊戏剧的影响而发展起来的。有悲剧,也有喜剧。 □ 古罗马的喜剧作家作家有普劳图斯和泰伦提乌斯。 □ 普劳图斯的作品:《一坛黄金》、《孪生兄弟》、《吹牛的军人》。 □ 泰伦提乌斯的作品:《婆母》、《两兄弟》。 □ 古罗马奥古斯都时期最重要的作家是三位诗人:维吉尔、贺拉斯、奥维德。 □ 维吉尔的主要作品是《牧歌》、《农事诗》和史诗《埃涅阿斯纪》。 □ 史诗《埃涅阿斯纪》的内容是写罗马帝国的起源。 □ 贺拉斯用诗歌形式写成的文艺理论著作是《诗艺》。 □ 奥维德的代表作是神话故事诗《变形记》。 □ 《爱的艺术》的作者是奥维德。 □ 共和国晚期和奥古斯都时期的罗马文学被称为“黄金时期”,帝国时期的罗马文学被称为“白银时期”。 □ 《希腊、罗马名人传》的作者是普卢塔克。 □ 《金驴记》的作者是阿普列尤斯。 □ “荷马史诗”包括《伊利昂纪》和《奥德修纪》两部分。 □ 《伊利昂纪》中希腊一方的主将是阿基琉斯,主帅是阿伽门农,特洛亚方面的军事代表人物是赫克托尔。 □ 《奥德修纪》的主人公是奥德修斯,他的妻子叫珀涅罗珀,他的儿子叫帖雷马科。 □ “荷马史诗”在剪裁上的特色是没有写全部故事,而是只写了其中的几天。 □ 希腊戏剧起源于狄俄倪索斯的祭典。狄俄倪索斯是酒神,被希腊人尊称为自然之神。 □ 希腊悲剧在长期的发展过程中,形成了自己特有的艺术形式。戏剧的成分和合唱队的抒情成分,始终是悲剧的两个不可缺少的部分。 □ 埃斯库罗斯被称为“悲剧之父”。代表作:《被缚的普罗米修斯》、《波斯人》。 □ 索福克勒斯的代表作:《安提戈涅》、《俄狄浦斯王》。 □ 欧里庇得斯的代表作:《美狄亚》、《希波吕拖斯》、《安德罗玛克》、《特洛亚妇女》。 □ 古希腊悲剧三大诗人是:埃斯库罗斯、索福克勒斯、欧里庇得斯。 □ 阿里斯托芬被恩格斯称为“喜剧之父”。代表作:《云》、《蛙》、《阿哈奈人》、《骑士》。 □ 教会统治和教会文学是中世纪文学的最主要内容。 □ 教会统治思想的主要武器是《圣经》。《圣经》分为《旧约》和《新约》两部分。 □ 《新约》所讲的内容是耶稣的一生的经历和他的言行。 □ 中世纪早期英雄史诗包括:日耳曼《希尔德布兰特之歌》、盎格鲁·撒克逊《贝奥武甫》、冰岛“埃达”和“萨迦”。 □ 《贝奥武甫》是用古英语写成的。故事发生地是丹麦。 □ 冰岛的“埃达”和“萨迦”在早期中世纪文学中占有特殊的地位,是北欧人民最古老的神话。“埃达”是用诗歌写成的,“萨迦”是用散文写成的。 □ 中世纪中期英雄史诗包括:法国《罗兰之歌》、西班牙《熙德之歌》、德国《尼伯龙根之歌》、俄罗斯《伊戈尔远征记》。 □ 《罗兰之歌》写作的史实基础是查理大帝征服西班牙。 □ 《熙德之歌》主人公的原名是罗德里哥·狄亚士,“熙德”是阿拉伯语中对男人的尊称。 □ 《尼伯龙根之歌》的主人公是西格弗里德、布伦希尔德。 □ 《伊戈尔远征记》写作的史实基础是基辅罗斯王公伊戈尔远征突厥族波洛夫人。 □ 中世纪“谣曲”中最的是“罗宾汉谣曲”。 □ 法国是骑士文学比较发达的地方,骑士文学的主要体裁是骑士抒情诗和骑士叙事诗。 □ 骑士抒情诗最早产生于法国南部的普罗旺斯。 □ 普罗旺斯抒情诗的基本内容是写骑士对贵妇人的爱情。 □ 骑士叙事诗是骑士文学的主要形式。 □ 骑士叙事诗按其题材来源可分为三个系统:①以古代克尔特人的亚瑟王与他的圆桌骑士为中心的不列颠故事诗、②以拜占庭流传的希腊晚期的传说为题材的拜占庭故事诗、③模仿古代希腊、罗马文学作品的叙事诗。 □ 亚瑟王传奇中的骑士有:郎斯洛、格莱斯、盖兰德、契莱尔。 □ 描写亚瑟王传奇的最有名作家是法国诗人克雷蒂·德·特罗阿,代表作《郎斯洛》。 □ 骑士叙事诗中另一个重要题材是亚瑟王传说中的“特里斯丹与依瑟”的故事。

英美文学自考真题答案

Chapter 5The Modern Period Ⅰ。学习目的和要求 通过本章的学习,了解20世纪批判现实主义文学和现代主义文学产生的历史、文化背景。认识该时期文学创作的基本特征、基本主张,及其对现当代英国文学乃至文化的影响;了解该时期重要作家的文学创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、思想意义等;同时结合注释,读懂所选作品,了解其思想内容和写作特色,培养理解和欣赏文学作品的能力。 Ⅱ。本章重点及难点 1. 英国现代文学的特征 2. 主要作家的创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画和语言风格 3. 名词解释:现代主义 4. 应用:选读作品的主题结构、艺术特色、人物刻画和语言风格,如 (1)叶芝和艾略特诗歌(所选作品)的主题、意象分析 (2)小说《儿子与情人》的主题和主要人物的性格分析 (3)意识流小说的主要特色分析 (4)萧伯纳戏剧的特点与社会意义分析 Ⅲ。考核知识点和考核要求 (一)现代时期概述 1.识记: A. 20世纪英国社会的政治、经济、文化背景 B.英国20世纪批判现实主义文学 C.现代主义文学的兴起与衰落 2.领会: A. 现代主义文学创作的基本主张 B.英国现代主义文学思潮 (1)诗歌 (2)小说 (3)戏剧 3.应用: A.名词解释:现代主义 B.英国现代主义文学的特点 C.现代主义文学对当代文学的影响 (二)现代时期的主要作家 A.萧伯纳 1.一般:萧伯纳的生平与文学生涯。 2.识记: A.萧伯纳的政治改革思想和文学创作主张 B.萧伯纳的戏剧创作 (1)早期主要作品:《鳏夫的房产》、《华伦夫人的职业》、《康蒂坦》、《凯撒和克莉奥佩特拉》 (2)中期作品:《人与超人》、《巴巴拉少校》、《皮格马利翁》 (3)晚期作品:《伤心之家》、《回到麦修色拉》、《圣女贞德》、《苹果车》 3.领会: A.萧伯纳戏剧的特点与社会意义 B.萧伯纳的戏剧对20世纪英国文学的影响 4.应用: A.《华伦夫人的职业》的故事梗概、情节结构、人物塑造、语言风格、思想意义 B.选读:所选作品的主要内容、人物塑造、语言特点、艺术手法等 B.约翰。高尔斯华绥 1.一般识记:高尔斯华绥的生平与文学生涯 2.识记:高尔斯华绥的文学创作 (1)戏剧:《银盒》、《正义》、《斗争》 (2)小说:《福赛特世家》(《有产业的人》、《骑虎》、《出租》)、《现代喜剧》 3.领会: A.高尔斯华绥的创作思想 B.高尔斯华绥批判现实主义小说的主要特点及社会意义 4.应用: 选读:所选作品的主要内容、人物性格。语言特点、叙述手法等 C、威廉。勃特勒。叶芝 1.一般:叶芝的生平及文学生涯 2.识记:叶芝诗歌的代表作品 (1)早期诗歌:《茵尼斯弗利岛》、《梦见仙境的人》、《玫瑰》 (2)中期诗歌:《新的纪元》、《1916年的复活节》 (3)晚期诗歌:《驶向拜占廷》、《丽达及天鹅》、《在学童们中间》 3.领会: A.叶芝的诗歌创作思想 B.叶芝诗歌的特点及思想意义 C.叶芝诗歌的艺术成就 D.叶芝的诗歌对当代英国文学的影响 E.叶芝的戏剧创作 4.应用:选读:、所选作品的主题思想、语言风格、艺术特色等 D、T.S.艾略特 1.一般识记:艾略特的生平及创作生涯 2.识记:艾略特的主要诗歌作品 (1)《普鲁弗洛克的情歌》 (2)《荒原》 (3)《灰星期三》 (4)《四个四重奏》 3.领会: A.艾略特的文学理论与文艺批评观 B.艾略特诗歌的艺术特色及社会意义 C.艾略特的戏剧 D. 文略特的艺术成就 E.艾略特的文学创作及文艺批评思想对现当代英国文学的影响 4.应用: A.《荒原》主题、结构、神话、象征、语言特色及社会意义 B.选读:所选作品的主题结构、思想内容、语言特点、艺术手法等 E.戴维。赫伯特。劳伦斯 1.一般识记:劳伦斯的生平及文学生涯 2.识记:劳伦斯的主要小说 (1)《儿子与情人》 (2)《虹》 (3)《恋爱中的女人》 3.领会: A. 劳伦斯的创作思想 B. 劳伦斯小说的主要艺术特色及社会意义 . C. 劳伦斯的小说对现当代英国文学的影响 4.应用: A.《儿子与情人》的故事梗概、情节结构、人物塑造、语言风格、思想意义 B.选读:所选作品的主要内容、人物性格、语言特点、艺术手法等 F.詹姆斯。乔伊斯 1.一般识记:乔伊斯的生平与创作生涯 2.识记:乔伊斯的主要作品简介 (1)《都柏林人》 (2)《青年艺术家的肖像》 (3)《尤利西斯》 3.领会: A. 乔伊斯的文学创作主张与美学思想 B. 乔伊斯小说的主要艺术特色及思想意义 C.乔伊斯的艺术成就 D.乔伊斯的作品对现当代世界文学的影响 4.应用: A. 意识流小说的主要特色分析 B. 选读:所选作品的主题思想、人物塑造、语言特色、艺术手法等 Chapter 5 The Modern Period 一。识记: 1. The social, ideological background of the modern English literature: (1) The influences of the two World Wars on English literature: Modernism rose out of skepticism and disillusion of capitalism. The First World War and the Second World War had greatly influenced the English literature. The catastrophic First World War tremendously weakened the British Empire and brought about great sufferings to its people as well. Its appalling shock severely destroyed people's faith in the Victorian values; The postwar economic dislocation and spiritual disillusion produced a profound impact upon the British people, who came to see the prevalent wretchedness in capitalism. The Second World War marked the last stage of the disintegration of the British Empire. Britain suffered heavy losses in the war: thousands of people were killed; the economy was ruined; and almost all its former colonies were lost. People were in economic, cultural, and belief crisises. (2) Ideologically, the rise of the irrational philosophy and new science greatly incited modern writers to make new explorations on human natures and human relationships. (a) In the mid-19th century, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels put forward the theory of scientific socialism, which not only provided a guiding principle for the working people, but also inspired them to make dauntless fights for their own emancipation. (b) Darwin's theory of evolution exerted a strong influence upon the people, causing many to lose their religious faith. The social Darwinism, under the cover of "survival of the fittest," vehemently advocated colonialism or jingoism. (c) Einstein's theory of relativity provided entirely new ideas for the concepts of time and space. (d) Freud's analytical psychology drastically altered our conception of human nature. (e) Arthur Schopenhauer, a pessimistic philosopher started a rebellion against rationalism, stressing the importance of will and intuition. (f) Having inherited the basic principles from Schopenhauer, Friedrich Nietzsche went further against rationalism by advocating the doctrines of power and superman and by completely rejecting the Christian morality. (g) Based on the major ideas of his predecessors, Henry Bergson established his irrational philosophy which put the emphasis on creation, intuition, irrationality and unconsciousness. All these irrationalist philosophers exerted immense influence upon the major modernist writers in Britain. So, after the First World War, all kinds of literary trends of modernism appeared: symbolism, expressionism, surrealism, cubism, futurism, Dadaism, imagism and stream of consciousness. Towards the 1920s, these trends converged into a mighty torrent of modernist movement, which swept across the whole Europe and America. After the Second World War, a variety of modernism, or post-modernism, like existentialist literature, theater of the absurd, new novels and black humor, rose with the spur of the existentialist idea that "the world was absurd, and the human life was an agony." 2. The development of English poetry in the 20th century: The 20th century has witnessed a great achievement in English poetry. In the early years of this century, Thomas Hardy and the war poets of the younger generation were important realistic poets. Hardy expressed his strong sympathies for the suffering poor and his bitter disgusts at the social evils in his poetry as in his novels. The soldiers-poets of World War I revealed the appalling brutality of the war in a most realistic way. The early poems of Pound and Eliot and Yeats's matured poetry marked the rise of "modern poetry," which was, in some sense, a revolution against the conventional ideas and forms of the Victorian poetry. The modernist poets fought against the romantic fuzziness and self-indulged emotionalism, advocating new ideas in poetry- writing such as to use the language of common speech, to create new rhythms as the expression of a new mood, to allow absolute freedom in choosing subjects, and to use hard, clear and precise images in poems. The 1930s witnessed great economic depressions, mass unemployment, and the rise of the Nazis. Facing such a severe situation, most of the young intellects started to turn to the left. And therefore the period was known as "the red thirties." A group of young poets during this period expressed in their poetry a radical political enthusiasm and a strong protest against fascism. With the coming of the 1950s, there was a return of realistic poetry again. By advocating reason, moral discipline, and traditional forms, a new generation of poets started "The Movement," which explicitly rejected the modernist influence. There was no significant poetic movement in the 1960s. A multiplicity of choices opened to both the poet and the reader. Poets gradually moved into more individual styles. 3. Realism in the 20th century English literature: The realistic novels in the early 20th century were the continuation of the Victorian tradition, yet its exposing and criticizing power against capitalist evils had been somewhat weakened both in width and depth. The outstanding realistic novelists of this period were John Galsworthy, H. G. Wells, and Arnold Eennett. The three trilogies of Galsworthy's Forsyte novels are masterpieces of critical realism in the early 20th century, which revealed the corrupted capitalist world. In his novels of social satire, H. G. Wells made realistic studies of the aspirations and frustrations of the "Little Man;" whereas Bennett presented a vivid picture of the English life in the industrial Midlands in his best novels. Realism was, to a certain extent, eclipsed by the rapid rise of modernism in the 1920s. But with the strong swing of leftism in the 1930s, novelists began to turn their attention to the urgent social problems. They also enriched the traditional ways of creation by adopting some of the modernist techniques. However, the realistic novels of this period were more or less touched by a pessimistic mood, preoccupied with the theme of man's loneliness, and shaped in different forms: social satires by Aldous Huxley and George Orwell comic satires on the English upper class by Evelyn Waugh; and Catholic novels by Graham Greene. Another important group of young novelists and playwrights with lower-middle-class or working-class background in the mid-1950s and early 1960s known as "The Angry Young Man." They demonstrated a particular disillusion over the depressing situation in Britain and launched a bitter protest against the outmoded social and political values in their society. Kingsley Amis, John Wain, John Braine and Alan Sillitoe were the major novelists in this group. They portrayed unadorned working-class life in their novels with great freshness and vigor of the working-class language. Amis was the first to start the attack on middle-class privileges and power in his novel Lucky Jim (1954)。 The term "The Angry Young Man" came to be widely Having been merged and interpenetrated with modernism in the past several decades, the realistic novel of the 1960s and 1970s appeared in a new face with a richer, more vigorous and more diversified style. 二。领会: 1.Modern English poetry: It is, in some sense, a revolution against the conventional ideas and forms of the Victorian poetry. The modernist poets fought against the romantic fuzziness and self-indulged emotionalism, advocating new ideas in poetry- writing such as to use the language of common speech, to create new rhythms as the expression of a new mood, to allow absolute freedom in choosing subjects, and to use hard, clear and precise images in poems. 2. Modern English novels: The first three decades of 20th century were golden years of the modernist novel. In stimulating the technical innovations of novel creation, the theory of the Freudian and Jungian psycho-analysis played a particularly important role. With the notion that multiple levels of consciousness existed simultaneously in the human mind, that one's present was the sum of his past, present and future, and that the whole truth about human beings existed in the unique, isolated, and private world of each individual, writers like Dorothy Richardson, James Joyce and Virginia Woolf concentrated all their efforts on digging into the human consciousness. They had created unprecedented stream-of-consciousness novels such as Pilgrimage by Richardson, Ulysses (1922) by Joyce, and Mrs. Dalloway (1925) by Woolf. One of the remarkable features of their writings was their continuous experimentation on new and sophisticated techniques in novel writing, which made tremendous impacts on the creation of both realistic and modernist novels in this century. James Joyce is the most outstanding stream-of-consciousness novelist; in Ulysses, his encyclopedia-like masterpiece, Joyce presents a fantastic picture of the disjointed, illogical, illusory, and mental- emotional life of Leopold Bloom, who becomes the symbol of everyman in the post-World-War-ⅠEurope. In the works of E. M. Forster and D. H. Lawrence, old traditions are still there, but their subject matter about human relationships and their symbolic or psychological presentations of the novel are entirely modern. Forster's masterpiece, A Passage to India (1924), is a novel of decidedly symbolist aspirations, in which the author set up, within a realistic story, a fable of moral significance that implies a highly mystical, symbolic view of life, death, human relationship, and the relationship of man with the infinite universe. D. H. Lawrence is regarded as revolutionary as Joyce in novel writing; but unlike Joyce, he was not concerned with technical innovations; his interest lay in the tracing of the psychological development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature. He believed that life impulse was the primacy of man's instinct, and that any conscious repression of such an impulse would cause distortion or perversion of the individual's personality. In his best novels like The Rainbow (1915) and Women in Love (1920), Lawrence made a bold psychological exploration of various human relationships, especially those between men and women, with a great frankness Lawrence claimed that the alienation of the human relationships and the perversion of human nature in the modern society were caused by the desires for power and money, by the shams and frauds of middle-class life, and, above all, by the whole capitalist mechanical civilization, which turned men into inhuman machines. After the Second World War, modernism had another upsurge with the rise of existentialism which was reflected mainly in drama. 3. The development of 20th century English drama: The most celebrated dramatists in the last decade of the 19th century were Oscar Wilde and George Bernard Shaw, who, in a sense, pioneered the modern drama, though they did not make so many innovations in techniques and forms as modernist poets or novelists. Wilde expressed a satirical and bitter attitude towards the upper-class people by revealing their corruption, their snobbery, and their hypocrisy in his plays, especially in his masterpiece, The Importance-of Being Earnest (1895)。 Shaw is is considered to be the best-known English dramatist since Shakespeare whose works are examples of the plays inspired by social criticism. John Galsworthy carried on this tradition of social criticism in his plays. By dramatizing social and ethical problems, Galsworthy made considerable achievements in his plays such as The Silver Box (1906) and Strife (1910), in which Galsworthy presents not only realistic pictures of social injustice, but also the workers' heroic struggles against their employers. W. B. Yeats, a prominent poet of the 20th century, was the leader of the Irish National Theater Movement. He was a verse playwright who desired to restore lyrical drama to popularity. With the heroic portrayal of spiritual truth as his main concern, Yeats wrote a number of verse plays, introducing Irish myths and folk legends; but the plot in his plays was seldom very dramatic. The 1930s witnessed a revival of poetic drama in England. One of the early experimenters was T. S. Eliot who regarded drama as the best medium of poetry. Eliot wrote several verse plays and made a considerable success. Murder in the Cathedral (1935), with its purely dramatic power, remains the most popular of his verse plays, in spite of its primarily religious purpose. After Eliot, Christopher Fry gained considerable successes in poetic drama. His exuberant though poetically commonplace verse drama. The Lady's Not For Burning (1948), attracted delighted audience. The English dramatic revolution, which came in the 1950s under various European and American influences, developed in two directions: the working-class drama and the Theater of Absurd. The working-class drama was started by a group of young writers from the lower-middle class, or working class, who presented a new type of plays which expressed a mood of restlessness, anger and frustration, a spirit of rebelliousness, and a strong emotional protest against the existing social institutions. John Osborne's play, Look Back in Anger (1956), in a fresh, unadorned working-class language, angrily, violently and unrelentingly condemned the contemporary social evils. With an entirely new sense of reality, Osborne brought vitality to the English theater and became known as the first "Angry Young Man." The most original playwright of the Theater of Absurd is Samuel Beckett, who wrote about human beings living a meaningless life in an alien, decaying world. His first play Waiting for Godot (1955) is regarded as the most famous and influential play of the Theater of Absurd.

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