效果我泡妞中，我耐性我西虹将军苗我榆林常东我可服务
目录一、论文目录………………………………………………… 1二、论文内容摘要与关键词………………………………… 2三、如何在阅读实践中提高英语阅读能力………………… 3（一） 在扎实的词汇的基础上，掌握良好的阅读技巧………3（二） 培养良好习惯，良好的习惯是成功的一半 ………… 4（三） 掌握语言知识是形成良好阅读能力的重要条件 …… 5（四） 激发学习英语阅读的兴趣…………………………… 5（五） 对学生进行一定的心理教育与指导 ………………… 6（六） 阅读时要注意培养语感……………………………… 6（七） 英语阅读练习要持之以恒 ………………………… 6三、主要参考文献…………………………………………………6如何在阅读实践中提高英语阅读能力 连云港光裕中学 葛老师摘要：阅读能力的提高包括速度的提高和理解力的增强，通过更新教育观念、树立正确的阅读观念、精读与泛读的统一运用、激发阅读兴趣、培养阅读习惯和阅读语感等一系列阅读实践中提高阅读能力。而阅读能力的提高，必须在有扎实的基础的前提下，通过在阅读实践中提高阅读能力关键词；英语阅读能力、方法、阅读实践How to be improved English reading ability in the reading practiceSummary：The reading ability enhancement includes the speed and the comprehension faculty enhancement, through updating education idea, setting up the correct reading idea, the perusal and the general-comprehension reading unification utilization, blazing reading interest, the raise reading custom and the reading language feeling and so on in a series of reading practice sharpens the reading ability. But reads the ability the enhancement, must in have the solid basis under the premise, through sharpens the reading ability in the reading practice.Key word：English reading ability, method, reading practice正文：阅读是一种书面交际形式，既是目的又是手段，"目的"是指获得阅读理解的能力，"手段"是指从阅读入手培养语感，积累语言经验，获得综合运用英语的能力。当今社会，国际交往频繁，科学技术不断发展，知识更新极其迅速，人们常需要用英语阅读书刊、杂志、信函、电传、电报、报告、使用说明书及广告等。并且，计算机网络使人们获取信息和交往的方式和速度发生了根本性的变化，而英语是国际互联网上使用最多的语言。所以，只有具备用英语获取信息的人，尤其是善于阅读的人，才有可能获得更强的可持续发展能力和更多的终身受教育机会。但是由于种种原因制约呢大家的阅读能力，进而影响整个英语水平阅读能力的提高是一个逐步积累的渐进过程，阅读是英语学习的一项基本要求，也是提高英语水平的重要途径，明确阅读能力，改变观念，注重方法。在阅读实践中提高阅读能力：阅读能力的提高包括速度的提高和理解力的增强。这都要通过必要的、大量的练习和专门的训练。考生不但要大量阅读涉及各种学科领域、各种题材的读物，扩大知识面，而且要有意识地读一些附有练习题的文章，并进行限时阅读，以便检查、测试自己的阅读能力。熟悉各种题目类型，从而在提高阅读速度和理解能力的基础上提高应试能力。那么如何在日常实践中提高阅读能力？我们应该注意那些问题呢？首先，在扎实的词汇的基础上，掌握良好的阅读技巧。首先要讲究阅读的效率，而效率体现在阅读的速度和阅读能力两个方面。阅读速度过快会使阅读流于形式，影响我们阅读的最终目的，欲速则不达；阅读速度过慢就不能大量阅读，提高不了阅读能力。一般应以每分钟50—60词较为合适。其次，应培养猜测能力和理解读物的深层含义的能力。有时，文章的语言并非都是一目了然，有的开门见山，直截了当，有的曲折迂回，需要推理。所以，学生应培养自己的猜测能力和深层理解的能力，学会从上下文猜测整个句子的意思，领悟文章的内涵，从而提高阅读理解能力。步骤可以如下：（一） 速读通览全文，搞清中心大意。弄清故事的主要人物（who）;发生的时间（when）和地点（where）；原因(why)及如何解决问题(how)等。（二） 掌握内容主线，首尾加以串联。要先从宏观入手，掌握中心意思，幷注意说明中心意思的主要事实和细节，抓住关键性词语。（三） 了解全文大意，细心推理分析。要细心地加以“由此及彼、由表及里、去伪存真”的推理分析，在全文的大意基础上判断词语的确切含义。（四） 吃透作者意图，归纳中心大意。（五） 培养良好习惯。排除口腔发音动作，通过视觉直接接受文字信号，一目十行，以意群或词组尾单位，注意力集中于关键词、主题句等。其次 培养良好习惯，良好的习惯是成功的一半：帮助学生养成良好的阅读习惯是培养阅读能力的重要任务，一些学者发现，要使学生养成良好的阅读习惯，就应该要求学生掌握领读习惯，划读习惯，摘读习惯，询读习惯，注读习惯，比读习惯和议读习惯。要培养学生这八方面的良好习惯，只能从学生年龄特征出发，根据阅读教学的具体情况，有的放矢地逐渐培养；只有注意阅读中的一点一滴，持之以恒，“聚沙成塔，集腋成裘”，才能最终使学生养成良好的阅阅读习惯。阅读时要去掉杂念，心绪安定，精神专一，要形成一种惬意的心理，造成大脑皮层的优势兴奋中心。像阅读中文小说一样，遇到生词难句是在所难免的，切不可心烦意乱，失去自控能力，而要从容不迫，泰然处之，这样才能对所读的文章印象清晰，理解深刻。掌握正确的阅读方法提高阅读能力包括提高阅读速度和理解力两个方面。许多考生在阅读外语时速度很慢，这是由于一些不良的阅读习惯所致。例如： 一见到生词就要停下来查字典，不会联系上下文猜测词义。用手指或笔尖指着文章逐词阅读。 在心中默读或小声地逐词朗读。需要把每句话在心中或口头译成汉语才能理解句子的意思，不会用外语思维，直接理解句子的意义。以上几种不正确的阅读习惯不但影响阅读的速度，而且影响对文章大意和主旨的正确理解。 提高阅读能力，还必须掌握正确的阅读方法和有效的阅读技能。一般说来，考生应根据不同的目的，采用不同的阅读方法。下面介绍三种基本阅读方法。1.快速浏览，也叫略读 (Skimming) 略读就是快读。目的是通过草草通读和浏览全文的方法，了解文章的大意和主旨，对文章的内容有个总的概念和印象。具体地说，就是略去细节部分，不要花时间琢磨难句和生词，重点阅读开头段、结尾段以及每段的首句和结尾句。这些部分往往概括了文章的写作意图和主题思想以及结论。多数情况下，每段的首句或结尾句就是该段的主题句。如果文章有题目或小标题，首先就要通过读题目或小标题思考一下，从中可以猜到本文所涉及的主要内容。2.快速寻读，也叫查读 (Scanning) 寻读或查读的目的是要有目标地去找出文章中某些特定的信息或回答阅读理解题所需要的事实或依据。因此，查读时，也要以很快的速度扫视文章，注意与答题内容有关的词句；与内容无关或关系不大的部分则可一带而过。3.细读 (Reading for Full Understanding) 在含有所需信息的段落或句子中要找到准确的内容，不但需要进一步重点细读有关的词语 和句子，理解其表层意义，还需要对句子进行分析、归纳、推理，从而了解句子的真正内涵，做出符合逻辑的判断，回答较为复杂的问题。在细读中遇到不熟悉的词语，可通过联系上下文，根据有关常识、背景知识以及利用构词规则来猜测词义。如果遇到难以理解的或结构复杂的长句，可借助语法知识，通过分析句子的结构，搞清主谓关系、指代关系以及修饰与被修饰关系等，从而达到更为深刻准确的理解。第三，掌握语言知识是形成良好阅读能力的重要条件。 （一）要求学生掌握基本的英语知识1.突破英语词汇关。词汇是构成语言的基本元素，英语词汇非常丰富，单词量大，包括大量的短评和科普词汇。要让学生在中学阶段掌握过多的词汇是不切实际的，但英语中最常用的动词，名词，形容词及一些常见的结构词（指介词，连词等）必须训练掌握；还要掌握一些构词法，如词缀，合成，转化等。此外，词义反映了一定的客观世界和社会实践，它们还随着社会文化，民族习惯，语言环境等因素发生一定的变化。2.突破语法关。语法是词汇构成语言的规则。掌握英语语法，并能把自己的英语语法 知识熟练地应用到英语阅读实践中去，这是提高阅读理解能力必须具备的基本功。英语语法核心主要指句子的基本结构，词类的用法，动词的形式，时态和语态等。社会发展到今天，英语语法也发生了某些变化，特别是句子结构的变化，这些变化在阅读中经常碰到。第四、激发学习英语阅读的兴趣兴趣就是动力。正如心理学家皮来杰所说：“兴趣是能量的调节者，它的加入便产生了储存内心的力量。”中国两千多年前的教育家孔子曾说过：“知之者不如好知者，好之者不如乐之者。”这里的“好”与“乐”实际上就是指学习兴趣。由此可见，教师在培养学生的阅读能力过程中应当选择一些饶有趣味的英文读物，由浅入深，由易到难，逐渐地让学生在阅读过程中体验到快乐的情绪，真正地让他们认识到阅读并非空洞乏味的活动，而是一种既可增加知识，又能令人愉快的活动。真正做到“为学所乐”，自觉地克服阅读过程中产生的一些不良的心理因素，从而以旺盛的精力，饱满的热情，进取的精神投入到阅读活动中去。第五，对学生进行一定的心理教育与指导智力因素和非智力因素相互作用，相互影响着阅读能力的形成与发展。如果教师只注重传授英语知识，不注意培养学生阅读心理，阅读习惯等，容易使学生在阅读时产生急躁，焦虑，恐惧，恼怒等负情感体验，它们将在一定程度上影响阅读的效果，从而对培养学生阅读能力产生干扰作用。如果这些负情感体验持久地存在于学生的阅读过程中，势必将影响阅读能力的形成与发展。因此，教师对学生进行一定的心理教育与指导是完全必要的。主要通过以下两方面途径：第六，阅读时要注意培养语感。所谓语感，是指人们对语言中词语搭配及句型结构的熟练程度。语感好的人，理解力就强，视读的速度就快。阅读时要留心词语的搭配，即惯用法，必要时可做点标记。读多了，语感自然会好起来。读完一篇文章后，要再回味一下中心思想、人物事件、论点论据等，做到心中有数。对不清楚的地方可以再回看几次。要留心关键词句，注意弦外之音。在细读文章时，可以边读边用笔把有关的人物、事件、时间、地点、原因等划出来，例如，凡逢人物就圈起来，看完一数，有几个圈就是几个人，一目了然。冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。”在培养英语阅读能力的过程中，我们应该认识到它的形成是一个渐进的复杂过程，我们的主要任务是使学通过大量以理解为中心的阅读训练（如读后笔答，选择，判断，填充等），培养学生的阅读兴趣与习惯，阅读技巧与能力，以此推动学生的概括与抽象，分析与综合，推理与判断的思维能力的发展。只有真正认识到阅读的实质所在并采取相应的对策，不断实践，勇于探索，才有希望使学生的阅读速度，阅读水平和综合理解能力有较大的提高。 主要参考书目：1．袁秉政 〈〈分析如何提高英语阅读能力考研辅导〉〉2. 肖建芳 “影响英语阅读效率的因素及对策”，载《中小学英语教学与研究》1998年第3期3. 汪榕培 “词义变化的社会和语言原因”，载,<<外语与外语教学>>1997年第3期4. 刘善良 〈〈顶尖英语强化训练哈尔滨出版社〉〉2001年7月5. 朱 纯 〈〈外语教学心理〉〉上海外语教育出版社1994年6. 〈〈全日制义务教育高级中学课程标准〉〉2001年7月7. 朱葡初 〈〈初中英语课堂教学研究湖南大学出版社〉〉2000年
你好，题目感觉很有意思啊，建议你沿着你的思路写。个人意见如下：
英语二是很多自考本科考生必考科目，作文在这门课程中占非常重要的作用，给大家分享一些英语作文模板和一些优秀范文，考生多记忆一些范文可以帮助考生在考场超常发挥。自考英语二模板汇总一、解决方法题型要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径1．问题现状 2．怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious. First, (说明A的现状)．Second, (举例进一步说明现状)Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, (解决方法一). For another （解决方法二). Finally, 解决方法三).Personally, I believe that (我的解决方法).Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because (带来的好处).二、对比选择型作文模板When it comes to ＿＿＿＿ ,different people hold different views . Some contend that＿＿＿＿. For one thing,＿＿＿＿ .For another,＿＿＿ .In spite of all these claims, others maintain that ＿＿＿＿，They point out that＿＿＿＿ .Another instance often cited is that＿＿＿＿ . It’s no easy task to find a satisfactory answer to the issue. As for me, there’s some truth to both arguments .It’s advisable to ＿＿＿＿＿＿.三、对比观点题型（1）要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。1．有一些人认为 2．另一些人认为 3．我的看法。。。The topic of （主题）is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of （支持A的理由一）What is more, 理由二). Moreover, (理由三).While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),（理由二）. Thirdly (finally),(理由三).From my point of view, I think （我的观点）. The reason is that (原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice .四、现象解释型作文模板：Recently, ＿＿＿＿What amazes us most is＿＿＿＿＿．It is true that ＿＿＿＿＿. There are many reasons explaining ＿＿＿＿．The main reason is＿＿＿＿＿，What is more, ＿＿＿＿＿，Thirdly, ＿＿＿＿＿．As a result, ＿＿＿＿＿． Considering all these, ＿＿＿．For one thing, ＿＿＿For another, ＿＿＿．In conclusion, ＿＿＿＿自学考试英语优秀作文1、 失败是常有的事。.2、人们对失败有各种不同的态度。3、我对失败的态度。 Is Failure a Bad Thing?Failure is a common thing in our daily life. For example, sometimes we fail to pass the examinations. On other occasions, we are defeated in sport games. And there are times when we fail to do more satisfactory work. So it is safe to say that every one of us must have encountered failure of one kind or another.However, different people have different attitudes towards failure. Some people lose heart when they come across failures. They seem to think that it is the end of the world. Others, on the contrary, dont take failure seriously. They seem to think that failure is first step to success. In my opinion, what really counts is not failure itself, but our attitude towards it. If we are afraid of failure and yield to it easily, we are bound to have one failure after another. But as long as we have confidence in ourselves and learn something from failure, we’ll certainly go from victory to victory. So I’m never afraid of failure, or I firmly believe that “failure is the mother of success.”2、 竞争是当今社会的普遍想象。竞争和合作经常并存。在提倡竞争的同时我们不要忘了合作。Competition and CooperationCompetition is a very common phenomenon in our social life today. We compete when we play games, we try to do better than others in our study and there is constant competition for jobs, fame, wealth and so forth. We can say, to some extent, competition is one of the motive force of the development of society.We often find competition and cooperation occurring at the same time. Think of a basketball game. During the game, one team is competing against the other, but each member of the team must cooperate with his teammates. In most cases, we cant compete without cooperation. Thus they are equally important.While advocating competition, we can’t forget cooperation. In modern society, cooperation is especially important because most work is fulfilled with and through other people. So we must combine competition with cooperation to obtain our goals.3、城市无论大小都应该保持清洁。保持城市清洁不是一件容易的事。为了保持城市的清洁，我们的政府做了大量的工作。Keep Our City CleanA city, whether small or big, should be kept clean. A clean environment will do us much good. Without the clean environment, we can hardly keep fit, work efficiently or live a comfortable life, which will greatly hold back the development of the city. So its of great importance to keep our city clean.Moreover, keeping the city clean is not an easy job. We can clean up the city and keep it clean temporarily, but can we keep it clean for good? This arduous work is in close relation to the economy of the city, the government policy and citizens qualities. It demands permanent efforts and scientific measures and right attitudes. In order to keep the city clean, our government has taken a greatmany steps, which includes proper investment, making plans and regulations, the disposal of rubbish, the forestation, and the layout of gardens and flower beds and lawns. We can expect a clean and beautiful city as long s all of us do what we should under the leadership of the government.4、目前环保还存在着许多问题。为了保护环境，各国政府做了大量的工作。我的看法。Protection of EnvironmentThere are still many problems of environmental protection in recent years. One o the most serious problems is the serious pollution of air, water and soil. The polluted air does great harm to peoples health. The polluted water causes diseases and death. Whats more, vegetation has been greatly reduced with rapid growth of modern cities.To protect the environment, governments of many countries have done a lot. Legislative steps have been introduced to control air pollution, to protect the forest and sea resources and to stop any environmental pollution. Therefore, governments are playing the most important role in the environment protection today.In my opinion, to protect environment, the government must take even more concrete measures. First, it should let people fully realize the importance of environment protection through education. Second, much more efforts should be made to put the population. Finally those who destroy the environment intentionally should be severely punished. We should let them know that destroying environment means destroying mankind themselves.5、 现代社会广告已经充斥了生活的每个角落；和任何其他事物一样，广告也有两面性；因此，面对广告我们得小心，以免上当受骗。The Effects of AdvertisementAs one of the products of modern society, advertisement has filled almost every corner of the world. We are exposed to them anywhere and anytime. When we listen to the radio or watch TV, the programs are broken up by advertisements that flash on every five or ten minutes. Walking in the street, we find we confronted with endless ad bulletins. Every evening, especially weekend evenings, we find out mailbox full of ad leaflets. With their tremendous power and attractive, advertisements have become a part of our life.Every coin has two sides, so does advertisement. Advertisement exerts both positive and negative effects upon our life. In order to promote trade, business people engage in making their products known to the public in the most attractive ways so that potential customers find it easier to choose what they are to purchase when faced with shelves of goods in the supermarkets. However, advertisements are not always reliable, as some dishonest businessmen exaggerate the functions and qualities of their products. Customers may bemisled and deceived. Such is often the case, and it does harm the interests of the customers.Thus, when confronted with an advertisement, we have to be very cautious so as not to be taken in by appealing words and pictures in it. We should remember that advertisements are good at playing with words. What customers should do is to ask about the product and try it, if possible, before purchasing it.6、How to Succeed in a Job Interview 1.面试在求职过程中的作用；2. 取得面试成功的因素：仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是。A job interview is indispensable in the process of job hunting. If a job seeker can make the best use of the interview and leave a good impression on the interviewers mind, he may be lucky enough to get the job competed for by many applicants. If, on the other hand, the job hunter gives a poor performance during the interview, he is unlikely to stand a chance to succeed. To be successful in a job interview, the job hunter should demonstrate certain personal and professional qualities.First, the applicant ought to attach much importance to his appearance and manner of speaking. Second, he is supposed to display his ability, especially his grasp of professional knowledge required by the position for which he is applying. Finally, a really impressive job seeker must convey a sense of self-confidence in and a practical attitude toward the cause concerned. If the interviewee succeeds in displaying these characteristics and presents his most attractive qualities during an interview, the interviewer might make an on-the-spot decision to take him on.7、 Is It Good for College Students to Have Part-time Jobs（大学生做兼职好吗？） 1、The advantages of having part-time jobs fro college students. （利） 2、The disadvantages of having part-time jobs for college students.（弊） 3、The right attitudes.There are many advantages for college students to take part-time jobs while they are at college. Firstly, part-time jobs will offer us students a chance to demonstrate our ability and to apply what we have learned at college. Secondly, part-time jobs help us become more independent of our families. Thirdly, the experience we gain through part-time jobs may be of great help to our future career. Finally, part-time jobs can broaden our horizon and make our life more meaningful. However, a part-time job has some disadvantages. For example, we may lose time needed for sleep, rest, study, club activities and recreation. For another example, if we take part-time jobs, it is likely for us to be so interested in thework that we cant pay attention to our study. As a result, we may fail in our school study, which will affect our future career too. In my opinion, as a student we should hold the right attitude towards the part-time job, for acquiring knowledge, especially more book knowledge, is our first important task. Although part-time jobs can do us some good in some aspects, we should pay more attention to school study than on it.8、网络时代已经到来。网络影响我们的生活。充分利用网络资源,享受生活。 Internet and our life（网络和我们的生活）We are now living in an internet society. It seems that we are overwhelmed in the internet life. Newspapers are talking that the internet age has come.Everything in our daily life can have relationship with internet: in the morning, we may turn on the computer to check whether we have E-mails from friends of abroad; then we can read some latest news from any websites in the world. To the internet users, there is no borders between nations. People can contact their friends wherever they are, as long as they are connected to the internet. After a days work, you may connect to the internet and do some shopping. Internet makes our lives easy and convenient. So why don’t we turn on the computer and send a birthday card to our father? 作文九： Reading Selectively or Extensively9、有人认为读书要有选择. 有人认为应道博览群书，我的看法How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has his own view. Some people think we should read selectively. They argue that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are published. It is impossible for us to read all the books. Whats more, there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldnt read them. Since we cant read all the books, and we shouldnt read bad books, we must read selectively.But others may not agree. They emphasize that todays society is not what it was. If one man has many kinds of knowledge, hell have more chances to succeed. If a man knows in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be useless. Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively. Whos right? I think both of them have something right. But I think we should read extensively first. We should read books in many fields and read selectively in one field.10、关于财富与幸福/健康与财富的作文Wealth brings happinessDirections: In this part, you are to write an essay entitled “The Relationship between Wealth and Happiness”. You can agree or disagree, completely or partially to the above statement. But whatever position you take, you should give sound supporting reasons. At the end of your composition you are required to draw your own conclusion.Wealth has always been what some people long for. It is true that most of them try to acquire wealth by means of honest labor. Their efforts contribute to the welfare of the society and at the same time to the accumulation of their wealth, and hence to their happiness.报考考试有疑问、不知道如何考点内容、不清楚报考考试当地政策，点击底部咨询猎考网，免费获取个人学历提升方案：
Many Chinese who pursue traditional concepts will be astonished by the appearance of male nurses. As a matter of fact, however, gender is no longer a barrier hindering Chinese men from joining the nursing field.I'm Xu Lingzhi ,17-year-old,is studying nursing at Harbin's Secondary Health School. When I was in primary school and middle school, boys and girls accounted for 50% respectively in class, but now only two out of 50 students in my class are boys. This made me feel uneasy when I just started my study here and many of my relatives and friends regard male nurse strange.
为什么选择护理专业英语作文：
Nurses are a sacred profession. They save the lives and heal the wounded and defend the sanctity of the white angel profession.
Nursing work is ordinary and great, trivial and difficult, arduous and hard-working. It dedicates the most precious youth in exchange for the happiness of thousands of families and the peace of health owners. So I chose nursing as my major.
护士是个神圣的职业，他们救死扶伤，捍卫白衣天使职业的圣洁。护理工作平凡而又伟大，琐碎而又不易，艰辛而又劳苦，奉献最宝贵的青春，换来的是千家万户的幸福和健康拥有者的安祥。所以我选择了护理这个专业。
I am a student in a middle school now.Everyone in my class has a dream,including me. My dream is to be a nurse because I think nurse is a great job . People call nuses "angles wearing white" and nurses may help doctors rescure people. What's more being a nurse can be respected by many people. As a nurse, I can help the ill person and make them healthy. I think nurses are kind and helpful so I will be a good nurse in the future. From now on I must study hard. I do believe my dream will come true.
1.护理能够接近更广泛的人群，了解国际化的事例为中国的护理事业的发展做努力。2在护理工作我们可能会遇见一些比较棘手的问题，这些问题国内可能没有出现过或出现的很少，了解英语就能帮助我们扩大视野，助于解决问题。3护理是一个不断发展的事业，护理的对象也是随着时代的变化而有变化的，中国的国际化道路越走越远，国际化的范围越来越广，护理对象不仅在数量上在范围上都有很大的变化。因此，学习英语是越来越重要越来越必要。4.中国的护理事业已不仅仅是中国的事还是国际的事，每年都会有大量的国际护理交流会，在护理学术上各个国家的学者相互交流思想不断探索，这也是护理中英语越来越重要的原因。
随着医学国际化的发展，我国医护人员会接待许多外国患者。护理人员要与患者交流，根据患者的病情和恢复情况来进行护理。所以，在与外国患者的交流过程中，英语是至关重要的。 良好的运用英语，可以及时了解患者的情况，并据此来进行护理。众所周知，中西方文化有差异，我们不仅要学习如何用英语交谈，更要了解一些普遍的文化常识，这样提高交流效果和水平。
英语二是很多自考本科考生必考科目，作文在这门课程中占非常重要的作用，给大家分享一些英语作文模板和一些优秀范文，考生多记忆一些范文可以帮助考生在考场超常发挥。自考英语二模板汇总一、解决方法题型要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径1．问题现状 2．怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious. First, (说明A的现状)．Second, (举例进一步说明现状)Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, (解决方法一). For another （解决方法二). Finally, 解决方法三).Personally, I believe that (我的解决方法).Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because (带来的好处).二、对比选择型作文模板When it comes to ＿＿＿＿ ,different people hold different views . Some contend that＿＿＿＿. For one thing,＿＿＿＿ .For another,＿＿＿ .In spite of all these claims, others maintain that ＿＿＿＿，They point out that＿＿＿＿ .Another instance often cited is that＿＿＿＿ . It’s no easy task to find a satisfactory answer to the issue. As for me, there’s some truth to both arguments .It’s advisable to ＿＿＿＿＿＿.三、对比观点题型（1）要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。1．有一些人认为 2．另一些人认为 3．我的看法。。。The topic of （主题）is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of （支持A的理由一）What is more, 理由二). Moreover, (理由三).While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),（理由二）. Thirdly (finally),(理由三).From my point of view, I think （我的观点）. The reason is that (原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice .四、现象解释型作文模板：Recently, ＿＿＿＿What amazes us most is＿＿＿＿＿．It is true that ＿＿＿＿＿. There are many reasons explaining ＿＿＿＿．The main reason is＿＿＿＿＿，What is more, ＿＿＿＿＿，Thirdly, ＿＿＿＿＿．As a result, ＿＿＿＿＿． Considering all these, ＿＿＿．For one thing, ＿＿＿For another, ＿＿＿．In conclusion, ＿＿＿＿自学考试英语优秀作文1、 失败是常有的事。.2、人们对失败有各种不同的态度。3、我对失败的态度。 Is Failure a Bad Thing?Failure is a common thing in our daily life. For example, sometimes we fail to pass the examinations. On other occasions, we are defeated in sport games. And there are times when we fail to do more satisfactory work. So it is safe to say that every one of us must have encountered failure of one kind or another.However, different people have different attitudes towards failure. Some people lose heart when they come across failures. They seem to think that it is the end of the world. Others, on the contrary, dont take failure seriously. They seem to think that failure is first step to success. In my opinion, what really counts is not failure itself, but our attitude towards it. If we are afraid of failure and yield to it easily, we are bound to have one failure after another. But as long as we have confidence in ourselves and learn something from failure, we’ll certainly go from victory to victory. So I’m never afraid of failure, or I firmly believe that “failure is the mother of success.”2、 竞争是当今社会的普遍想象。竞争和合作经常并存。在提倡竞争的同时我们不要忘了合作。Competition and CooperationCompetition is a very common phenomenon in our social life today. We compete when we play games, we try to do better than others in our study and there is constant competition for jobs, fame, wealth and so forth. We can say, to some extent, competition is one of the motive force of the development of society.We often find competition and cooperation occurring at the same time. Think of a basketball game. During the game, one team is competing against the other, but each member of the team must cooperate with his teammates. In most cases, we cant compete without cooperation. Thus they are equally important.While advocating competition, we can’t forget cooperation. In modern society, cooperation is especially important because most work is fulfilled with and through other people. So we must combine competition with cooperation to obtain our goals.3、城市无论大小都应该保持清洁。保持城市清洁不是一件容易的事。为了保持城市的清洁，我们的政府做了大量的工作。Keep Our City CleanA city, whether small or big, should be kept clean. A clean environment will do us much good. Without the clean environment, we can hardly keep fit, work efficiently or live a comfortable life, which will greatly hold back the development of the city. So its of great importance to keep our city clean.Moreover, keeping the city clean is not an easy job. We can clean up the city and keep it clean temporarily, but can we keep it clean for good? This arduous work is in close relation to the economy of the city, the government policy and citizens qualities. It demands permanent efforts and scientific measures and right attitudes. In order to keep the city clean, our government has taken a greatmany steps, which includes proper investment, making plans and regulations, the disposal of rubbish, the forestation, and the layout of gardens and flower beds and lawns. We can expect a clean and beautiful city as long s all of us do what we should under the leadership of the government.4、目前环保还存在着许多问题。为了保护环境，各国政府做了大量的工作。我的看法。Protection of EnvironmentThere are still many problems of environmental protection in recent years. One o the most serious problems is the serious pollution of air, water and soil. The polluted air does great harm to peoples health. The polluted water causes diseases and death. Whats more, vegetation has been greatly reduced with rapid growth of modern cities.To protect the environment, governments of many countries have done a lot. Legislative steps have been introduced to control air pollution, to protect the forest and sea resources and to stop any environmental pollution. Therefore, governments are playing the most important role in the environment protection today.In my opinion, to protect environment, the government must take even more concrete measures. First, it should let people fully realize the importance of environment protection through education. Second, much more efforts should be made to put the population. Finally those who destroy the environment intentionally should be severely punished. We should let them know that destroying environment means destroying mankind themselves.5、 现代社会广告已经充斥了生活的每个角落；和任何其他事物一样，广告也有两面性；因此，面对广告我们得小心，以免上当受骗。The Effects of AdvertisementAs one of the products of modern society, advertisement has filled almost every corner of the world. We are exposed to them anywhere and anytime. When we listen to the radio or watch TV, the programs are broken up by advertisements that flash on every five or ten minutes. Walking in the street, we find we confronted with endless ad bulletins. Every evening, especially weekend evenings, we find out mailbox full of ad leaflets. With their tremendous power and attractive, advertisements have become a part of our life.Every coin has two sides, so does advertisement. Advertisement exerts both positive and negative effects upon our life. In order to promote trade, business people engage in making their products known to the public in the most attractive ways so that potential customers find it easier to choose what they are to purchase when faced with shelves of goods in the supermarkets. However, advertisements are not always reliable, as some dishonest businessmen exaggerate the functions and qualities of their products. Customers may bemisled and deceived. Such is often the case, and it does harm the interests of the customers.Thus, when confronted with an advertisement, we have to be very cautious so as not to be taken in by appealing words and pictures in it. We should remember that advertisements are good at playing with words. What customers should do is to ask about the product and try it, if possible, before purchasing it.6、How to Succeed in a Job Interview 1.面试在求职过程中的作用；2. 取得面试成功的因素：仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是。A job interview is indispensable in the process of job hunting. If a job seeker can make the best use of the interview and leave a good impression on the interviewers mind, he may be lucky enough to get the job competed for by many applicants. If, on the other hand, the job hunter gives a poor performance during the interview, he is unlikely to stand a chance to succeed. To be successful in a job interview, the job hunter should demonstrate certain personal and professional qualities.First, the applicant ought to attach much importance to his appearance and manner of speaking. Second, he is supposed to display his ability, especially his grasp of professional knowledge required by the position for which he is applying. Finally, a really impressive job seeker must convey a sense of self-confidence in and a practical attitude toward the cause concerned. If the interviewee succeeds in displaying these characteristics and presents his most attractive qualities during an interview, the interviewer might make an on-the-spot decision to take him on.7、 Is It Good for College Students to Have Part-time Jobs（大学生做兼职好吗？） 1、The advantages of having part-time jobs fro college students. （利） 2、The disadvantages of having part-time jobs for college students.（弊） 3、The right attitudes.There are many advantages for college students to take part-time jobs while they are at college. Firstly, part-time jobs will offer us students a chance to demonstrate our ability and to apply what we have learned at college. Secondly, part-time jobs help us become more independent of our families. Thirdly, the experience we gain through part-time jobs may be of great help to our future career. Finally, part-time jobs can broaden our horizon and make our life more meaningful. However, a part-time job has some disadvantages. For example, we may lose time needed for sleep, rest, study, club activities and recreation. For another example, if we take part-time jobs, it is likely for us to be so interested in thework that we cant pay attention to our study. As a result, we may fail in our school study, which will affect our future career too. In my opinion, as a student we should hold the right attitude towards the part-time job, for acquiring knowledge, especially more book knowledge, is our first important task. Although part-time jobs can do us some good in some aspects, we should pay more attention to school study than on it.8、网络时代已经到来。网络影响我们的生活。充分利用网络资源,享受生活。 Internet and our life（网络和我们的生活）We are now living in an internet society. It seems that we are overwhelmed in the internet life. Newspapers are talking that the internet age has come.Everything in our daily life can have relationship with internet: in the morning, we may turn on the computer to check whether we have E-mails from friends of abroad; then we can read some latest news from any websites in the world. To the internet users, there is no borders between nations. People can contact their friends wherever they are, as long as they are connected to the internet. After a days work, you may connect to the internet and do some shopping. Internet makes our lives easy and convenient. So why don’t we turn on the computer and send a birthday card to our father? 作文九： Reading Selectively or Extensively9、有人认为读书要有选择. 有人认为应道博览群书，我的看法How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has his own view. Some people think we should read selectively. They argue that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are published. It is impossible for us to read all the books. Whats more, there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldnt read them. Since we cant read all the books, and we shouldnt read bad books, we must read selectively.But others may not agree. They emphasize that todays society is not what it was. If one man has many kinds of knowledge, hell have more chances to succeed. If a man knows in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be useless. Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively. Whos right? I think both of them have something right. But I think we should read extensively first. We should read books in many fields and read selectively in one field.10、关于财富与幸福/健康与财富的作文Wealth brings happinessDirections: In this part, you are to write an essay entitled “The Relationship between Wealth and Happiness”. You can agree or disagree, completely or partially to the above statement. But whatever position you take, you should give sound supporting reasons. At the end of your composition you are required to draw your own conclusion.Wealth has always been what some people long for. It is true that most of them try to acquire wealth by means of honest labor. Their efforts contribute to the welfare of the society and at the same time to the accumulation of their wealth, and hence to their happiness.报考考试有疑问、不知道如何考点内容、不清楚报考考试当地政策，点击底部咨询猎考网，免费获取个人学历提升方案：
为什么选择护理专业英语作文：
Nurses are a sacred profession. They save the lives and heal the wounded and defend the sanctity of the white angel profession.
Nursing work is ordinary and great, trivial and difficult, arduous and hard-working. It dedicates the most precious youth in exchange for the happiness of thousands of families and the peace of health owners. So I chose nursing as my major.
护士是个神圣的职业，他们救死扶伤，捍卫白衣天使职业的圣洁。护理工作平凡而又伟大，琐碎而又不易，艰辛而又劳苦，奉献最宝贵的青春，换来的是千家万户的幸福和健康拥有者的安祥。所以我选择了护理这个专业。
Many Chinese who pursue traditional concepts will be astonished by the appearance of male nurses. As a matter of fact, however, gender is no longer a barrier hindering Chinese men from joining the nursing field.I'm Xu Lingzhi ,17-year-old,is studying nursing at Harbin's Secondary Health School. When I was in primary school and middle school, boys and girls accounted for 50% respectively in class, but now only two out of 50 students in my class are boys. This made me feel uneasy when I just started my study here and many of my relatives and friends regard male nurse strange.
As a trained nurse from nurses’ school, it is worth while making a detailed plan for how to be well qualified for my post and develop myself into a employable medical worker. First of all, I should do my own job well with what I have learned to complete what I am appointed to do heart and soul. I never fail to learn from those veteran nurses who are of ripe age and do my best to advance myself while working in practice. Besides, I should make best use of my spare time to read more medical works and scientific literatures to further my professional knowledge. I am determined to bring me up into a successful nurse in the near future. 作为一个护校毕业的护士，制定一个如何有资格从事本职工作并把自己培养为一个称职的医务工作者是值得的。首先，我应该用自己所学做好本职工作，全心全意完成所指定的任务。我一定要向那些有经验的老护士学习，尽力一边在实践中工作一边提高自己。其次，我应该充分利用业余时间读更多的医学著作和文献，以进一步提高自己的专业知识。我决心在不久的将来把自己培养成一个有所建树的护士。
您好，论文写作的要求：1、论文题目：要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。2、目录：目录是论文中主要段落的简表。(短篇论文不必列目录)3、提要：是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字，多不超过三百字为宜。4、关键词或主题词：关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。 每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在“提要”的左下方。主题词是经过规范化的词，在确定主题词时，要对论文进行主题，依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。5、论文正文：(1)引言：引言又称前言、序言和导言，用在论文的开头。 引言一般要概括地写出作者意图，说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。(2)论文正文：正文是论文的主体，正文应包括论点、论据、 论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容：a.提出-论点;b.分析问题-论据和论证;c.解决问题-论证与步骤;d.结论。6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料，列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页，标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。中文：标题--作者--出版物信息(版地、版者、版期)：作者--标题--出版物信息所列参考文献的要求是：(1)所列参考文献应是正式出版物，以便读者考证。(2)所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。1、题目。应能概括整个论文最重要的内容，言简意赅，引人注目，一般不宜超过20个字。论文摘要和关键词。2、论文摘要应阐述学位论文的主要观点。说明本论文的目的、研究方法、成果和结论。尽可能保留原论文的基本信息，突出论文的创造性成果和新见解。而不应是各章节标题的简单罗列。摘要以200字左右为宜。关键词是能反映论文主旨最关键的词句，一般3-5个。3、目录。既是论文的提纲，也是论文组成部分的小标题，应标注相应页码。4、引言(或序言)。内容应包括本研究领域的国内外现状，本论文所要解决的问题及这项研究工作在经济建设、科技进步和社会发展等方面的理论意义与实用价值。5、正文。是毕业论文的主体。6、结论。论文结论要求明确、精炼、完整，应阐明自己的创造性成果或新见解，以及在本领域的意义。7、参考文献和注释。按论文中所引用文献或注释编号的顺序列在论文正文之后，参考文献之前。图表或数据必须注明来源和出处。一般要有这样几部分组成：提出问题，阐明基本概念和基本观念;分析问题，说明为什么要坚持你的观点;解决问题，拿出解决问题方案，至于顺序，你可根据你的文章去定。也就是说论文由论点、论据、引证、论证、结论等几个部分构成。1、题目题目应恰当、准确地反映本课题的研究内容。毕业设计(论文)的中文题目应不超过25字，并不设副标题。2、 摘要与关键词摘要：摘要是毕业设计(论文)内容的简要陈述，是一篇具有独立性和完整性的短文。摘要应包括本设计(论文)的创造性成果及其理论与实际意义。摘要中不宜使用公式、图表，不标注引用文献编号。避免将摘要写成目录式的内容介绍。关键词：关键词是供检索用的主题词条，应采用能覆盖毕业设计(论文)主要内容的通用技术词条(参照相应的技术术语标准)。关键词一般列3～5个，按词条的外延层次排列(外延大的排在前面)。3、毕业设计(论文)正文毕业设计(论文)正文包括绪论、论文主体及结论等部分。欢迎向158教育在线知道提问
浅谈对病人家属的心理护理近年来，随着医学模式的转变，心理护理已成为现代护理模式和护理程序中的重要组成部分，它直接关系到病人是否能得到及时正确的医治。当一个人身患疾病时，其心理格外紧张、焦虑、恐惧，易于激怒，对医务人员不信任，这些都不利于疾病的医治，在临床工作中我们发现单纯性地为病人做心理护理往往达不到理想的效果，只有通过家属的积极配合，通过家属与患者之间的亲密关系和熟悉的表达方式，使病员的心理护理取得事半功倍的效果，使护理计划得以顺利实施，既有利于病员的康复，又能减少医患纠纷的发生，然而我们同时发现大部分家属也比较紧张、焦虑、恐惧。他们过分照顾病人、夸大病情，对医务人员提出过高要求，所以我们要想做好病人的心理护理，首先要做好病人家属的心理护理。在此我就家属的不同心理表现进行相应护理的体会如下：1 患者家属的主要心理问题1．1 焦虑和紧张：入院时对疾病缺乏认识，对环境陌生感到焦虑和紧张，反复询问病情希望得到肯定的答案，或不断打听医护人员的情况，希望得到经验最丰富的医护人员的医治；住院期间由于病情变化而引起的焦虑与紧张，要求医护人员不断观察，反复陈述病情，担心遗漏病情变化，还有由于长期住院经济负担较重而引起的焦虑，不安心治疗，要求减少检查或提前出院。1．2 恐惧与缺乏安全感：家属对疾病预后产生恐惧感，对其他相同疾病患者预后敏感，尤其是急危重患者家属更是悲观，避免谈及生死问题甚至字眼；由于心疼病员而对各种注射和侵袭性检查治疗产生的恐惧，表现为患者在接受检查和治疗时不敢看或者躲开的行为。1．3 怀疑和不信任：对疾病的不了解，查阅网上或书籍与医生的诊断进行对比，并以自己查阅的资料为准，对医生的治疗方案表示怀疑，拒绝配合医护人员的冶疗；对医务人员的年龄、性别、言语、着装等外在条件和表现引起的不信任，怀疑医务人员的技术水平，要求更换主管医护人员；因医疗设施和环境的局限性引起对治疗能力和条件的怀疑，便挑剔住院环境和设施，要求转院等。1．4 同病相怜感：相同疾病的患者家属之间亲和力极高，非常容易沟通，有同病相怜感，尤其是绝症或重症新人院患者家属对老病人的经验信任程度超过医生。1．5 依赖感：患者家属对病人日常生活上的照顾也依赖护理人员，对自己缺乏信心，生怕自行的行为会伤害病员。1．6 容忍：对患者不正确的行为容忍和支持是许多家属的共同表现，他们对病员不合理要求尽量满足，甚至许多过激行为如辱骂医护人员也不劝阻，特别是一些绝症患者的家属，任其放纵，并对医护人员的制止表示不满。2 护理措施我们首先要有真挚的同情心，和蔼可亲的态，度，亲切美好的语言，理解家属对亲人生病带来的痛苦，设身处地的为病人着想，通过细致观察，专心倾听家属的陈述，仔细分析家属不同心理问题和产生的原因，有的放矢地进行护理。2．1 对家属焦虑、紧张心理的护理：刚入院病人，我们详细介绍医院环境和病区设施，住院期间需要遵守的各种规定，介绍主管医生和护士，需要帮助可找谁等，帮助家属尽快熟悉就医环境。积极进行病人宣教，介绍病情，疾病发生的原因，一般治疗方案，护理措施，尤其对家属在平常可以做到的护理进行细心讲解，如饮食护理，详细说明哪些食品可吃，哪些不能吃等，使家属对疾病有所了解，并对自己可为患者所能做的事情有信心。对于病情变化我们应耐心解释其原因，向家属说明目前的治疗方案是针对病情而制定的，使家属对治疗方案放心，同时加强巡视病员，以实际行动使家属安心。由于经济原因引起的焦虑，应对家属目前的困难表示理解，但要强调现在所用治疗方案的必要性，说明中断治疗可能对患者造成的影响，鼓励家属克服困难，同时与其主管医生沟通，在用药方面从价格较低并有适应症的药品开始用，减少不必要的检查，尽量降低病员的费用，还要从生活上予以关心，使家属有信心坚持治疗。2．2 对家属恐惧心理的护理：我们应针对患者疾病可能发生的各种预后进行说明，使家属对患者在治疗期间可能发生的情况有所了解和准备，对预后良好者鼓励家属看到治愈的希望，对于预后差的应安慰家属，给予心理支持，能正确面对疾病，尤其是慢性病应指出现代科技进步，不要放弃治疗的希望，而对病情发展较快的，要用肯定语言告诉家属“医院会尽最大努力为病员服务”。患者检查和治疗时，应主动将检查步骤和方法、检查治疗要达到的目的向家属说明，以诚恳态度告诉家属“我们将最大限度地减少患者所受的痛苦”，在做治疗时提高操作成功率，帮助家属减少恐惧感。2．3 对家属的怀疑和不信任心理的护理：对由于与自己查阅的资料有差异而引起的对治疗方案怀疑不信任者，我们要向家属解释个体存在着差异，治疗要因人而异，而书籍上的治疗是针对大多数人的一般治疗，并加以分析，对由于医务人员外在条件、引起的不信任，我们应主动与患者家属进行沟通，注意有技巧的交流，通过树立自己良好的形象来赢得家属的信任，因医疗条件有限，可通过提高我们的医疗诊断水平和护理技术来弥补硬件上的不足，以优质服务来增强家属的信任。2．4 对同病相怜心理的护理：我们可利用这一心理，向大家推荐积极配合治疗和护理，疾病恢复良好的病例家属，他们言传身教配合治疗护理的重要性，但要制止家属间乱传所谓的“偏方”，指出其不良后果。2．5 对家属依赖心理的护理：我们可利用这种心理建立良好的护患关系，教给家属正确的日常护理知识，如怎样正确的为患者更换衣服，保持皮肤清洁，正确的饮食等，帮助家属独立进行日常生活护理。2．6 对家属容忍心的护理：向家属解释患者不只要恢复健康的体魄，还要具备良好的心理素质，一昧容忍患者的行为是不利于患者身心健康的恢复，希望家属在护士对患者进行心理护理时不要一时袒护，予以理解和支持。3 讨论通过对病人家属的心理护理，消除了家属对医疗护理工作中存在的疑问，充分发挥家属的正性作用，积极配合我们更好地为病员进行心理护理，使病员能以良好的心态主动配合治疗，促进病人早日康复，并减少医患矛盾发生。总之，对病员家属的心理护理是我们护理工作必不可少的一部分，也是为病员进行就诊服务的重要组成部分。
在护理方面，要根据冠心病的发病机制正确实施辨证施护，现将护理体会介绍如下。1 临床资料 1.1 一般资料 ...2 护理方法 在辨证护理方面，应把精神护理放在首位，“心藏神”为五脏六腑之大主，心神统帅着人之喜、怒、忧、悲、...www.wsdxs.cn/html/yaoxue/20090914/136168.html