王蔷《英语教学法教程》（第2版）笔记和课后习题（含考研真题）详解 详解完整内容查看请点击此处>> 【目录】 第1章语言和语言学习 1.1复习笔记 1.2课后习题详解 1.3考研真题与典型题详解 第2章交际教学原则与任务型语言教学 2.1复习笔记 2.2课后习题详解 2.3考研真题与典型题详解 第3章国家英语课程标准 3.1复习笔记 3.2课后习题详解 3.3考研真题与典型题详解 第4章教案设计与书写 4.1复习笔记 4.2课后习题详解 4.3考研真题与典型题详解 第5章外语课堂管理 5.1复习笔记 5.2课后习题详解 5.3考研真题与典型题详解 第6章语音教学 6.1复习笔记 6.2课后习题详解 6.3考研真题与典型题详解 第7章语法教学 7.1复习笔记 7.2课后习题详解 7.3考研真题与典型题详解 第8章词汇教学 8.1复习笔记 8.2课后习题详解 8.3考研真题与典型题详解 第9章听力教学 9.1复习笔记 9.2课后习题详解 9.3考研真题与典型题详解 第10章口语教学 10.1复习笔记 10.2课后习题详解 10.3考研真题与典型题详解 第11章阅读教学 11.1复习笔记 11.2课后习题详解 11.3考研真题与典型题详解 第12章写作教学 12.1复习笔记 12.2课后习题详解 12.3考研真题与典型题详解 第13章综合技能 13.1复习笔记 13.2课后习题详解 13.3考研真题与典型题详解 第14章语言教学中的德育教育 14.1复习笔记 14.2课后习题详解 14.3考研真题与典型题详解 第15章教学评价 15.1复习笔记 15.2课后习题详解 15.3考研真题与典型题详解 第16章学习者个体差异与学习策略培养 16.1复习笔记 16.2课后习题详解 16.3考研真题与典型题详解 第17章英语教育资源的开发与利用 17.1复习笔记 17.2课后习题详解 17.3考研真题与典型题详解 第18章教材的评价与使用 18.1复习笔记 18.2课后习题详解 18.3考研真题与典型题详解 《英语教学法教程》（第2版）（王蔷主编，高等教育出版社）为普通高等教育“十五”国家级规划教材，适用于师范院校英语专业学生，也可用于中学英语教师的继续教育课程和各类英语教师的在职培训课程。该书被很多院校指定为英语专业考研必读书和学术研究参考书。 资料来自： 达聪学习网 （ ） 登录达聪学习网后，搜索框输入：“ 王蔷 ” 即可获得！ 作为该教材的学习辅导书，本书具有以下几个方面的特点： 1．梳理章节脉络，浓缩内容精华。每章的复习笔记以该教材为主并结合其他教材对本章的重难点知识进行了整理，并参考了国内名校名师讲授该教材的课堂笔记，因此，本书的内容几乎浓缩了经典教材的知识精华。 2．中英双语对照，凸显难点要点。本书章节笔记采用了中英文对照的形式，强化对重要难点知识的理解和运用。 3．解析课后习题，提供详尽答案。本书收录了课文中的所有习题，并在参考教材附录的基础上对习题答案进行了完善和补充。 4．精选考研真题，补充难点习题。本书精选名校近年考研真题及相关习题，并提供答案和详解。所选真题和习题基本体现了各个章节的考点和难点，但又不完全局限于教材内容，是对教材内容极好的补充。 第1章语言和语言学习 1.1复习笔记 本章要点： 1. The way we learn languages 我们习得语言的方式 2. Views on language 语言观点 3. The structural view of language 结构主义语言理论 4. The functional view of language 功能主义语言理论 5. The interactional view of language 交互语言理论 6. Common views on language learning 关于语言学习的普遍观点 7. Process-oriented theories and condition-oriented theories 强调过程的语言学习理论和强调条件的语言学习理论 8. The behaviorist theory 行为主义学习理论 9. Cognitive theory 认知学习理论 10. Constructivist theory 建构主义学习理论 11. Socio-constructivist theory 社会建构主义理论 12. Qualities of a good language teacher 一个好的语言老师必备的素养 13. Teacher’s professional development 教师专业技能发展 本章考点： 我们如何习得语言；结构主义语言理论；功能主义语言理论；交互语言理论；关于语言学习的普遍观点；强调过程的语言学习理论和强调条件的语言学习理论；行为主义学习理论；认知学习理论；建构主义学习理论；社会建构主义理论；成为一个好的语言老师所要具备的基本素质；教师专业技能发展图。 本章内容索引： Ⅰ. The way we learn languages Ⅱ. Views on language 1. The structural view of language 2. The functional view of language 3. The interactional view of language Ⅲ. Views on language learning and learning in general 1. Research on language learning 2. Common views on language learning and learning in general （1）Behaviorist theory （2）Cognitive theory （3）Constructivist theory （4）Socio-constructivist theory Ⅳ. Qualities of a good language teacher Ⅴ. Development of a good language teacher Ⅵ. An overview of the book This chapter serves as an introduction for setting the scene for this methodology course. It discusses issues concerning views on language and language learning or learning in general with the belief that such views will affect teachers’ ways of teaching and thus learners’ ways of learning. The qualities of a good language teacher are also discussed in order to raise the participants’ awareness of what is required for a good English teacher. 这一章主要是介绍教学法的方法论，其中讨论的问题涉及语言和语言学习的观点，或者一般学习及这些观点对教师教学方式和学习者学习方式的影响，本章也讨论了一个好的英语教师应具备的素质，以提高语言教学参与者对优秀英语教师相关要求的意识。 Ⅰ. The way we learn languages（我们习得语言的方式） Much of human behaviour is influenced by their experiences. The way language teachers teach in the classroom is to some extent influenced by the way they learned languages. This is especially true in foreign language teaching. 大多数人类行为受过往经验的影响。语言老师在课堂上的教学方式也会受到他们语言学习方式的影响。在学习外语时尤为如此。 The challenge confronting language teaching is how teaching methodology can ensure successful learning by all the learners who have more differences than the commonality. 语言教学面临的挑战是：教学法如何才能保证不同之处多于相同之处的学习者成功习得语言。 Ⅱ. Views on language（语言理论） 【考点：结构主义语言理论、功能主义语言理论、交互语言理论的定义及具体应用】 Three views about the nature of language: There are many possible theoretical positions about the nature of language. Here are three different views which are explicitly or implicitly reflected in current approaches to language learning. 关于语言本质的三种观点：在语言的本质上有很多潜在的语言观点，当前语言学习的方法直接或间接反映了三种不同观点。 1. The structural view of language（结构主义语言理论） The structural view of language is that language is a system of structurally related elements for the transmission of meaning. 结构主义语言理论认为语言是一个用于传递意义的系统，其中各因素在结构上相互联系。 （1）The elements of language system语言系统的因素 ①phonological units （phonemes） 语音单位（音素） ②grammatical units （phrases, clauses, sentences） 语法单位（词组、从句、句子） ③grammatical operations （adding, shifting, joining or transforming elements） 语法操作（增添、移位、合并或改变成分）
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【 #自考# 导语】高等教育自学考试，简称自学考试、自考，1981年经国务院批准创立，是对自学者进行的以学历考试为主的高等教育国家考试。以下是 考 网为大家整理的《2018年4月自学考试《语言学概论》答案及解析（部分）》供您查阅。 【题干】人的大脑语言功能的临界期现在一般认为大约是()。 【选项】 A.5-6岁 B.7-8岁 C.9-10岁 D.12-13岁 【答案】D 【解析】人的大脑语言功能的临界期现在一般认为最迟大约是12-13岁。 【考点】语言与科学技术——生命科学和人的语言能力——大脑的语言功能受临界期限制 【题干】下列关于“威尔尼克失语症”的表述，不正确的一项是()。 【选项】 A.发音仍然比较准确 B.构成不完整的句子 C.仍然能听懂别人的话 D.词语之间没有联系 【答案】C 【解析】威尔尼克取受损的患者能够说出一些词语，发音也很准确，但是词语之间在意义上没有联系，构成不了完整的句子，而且患者也听不懂别人说的话。 【考点】语言与科学技术——生命科学和人的语言能力——人脑语言能力的研究成果 21.【题干】下面各项中属于词的有()。 【选项】 A.吃败仗 B.转基因 C.幼儿园 D.小女儿 E.玩游戏 【答案】BCD 【解析】词是最小的、有意义的、能够独立使用的语言单位。A属于“语”，长度相当于语法上的词组或句子，但意义和用法相对凝固的语言片段。E属于“短语”。 【考点】语汇——语汇概说——什么是语汇 22.【题干】下面各对词语中，能表现在同一语法位置上的有()。 【选项】 A.小孩-苹果 B.大-小 C.红-红色 D.写-在 E.好-衣服 【答案】ABD 【解析】能表现在同一个语法位置上词，他们是属于聚合关系，聚合关系得到的是词类。A是名词，B是形容词，D是动词。 【考点】语法——组合规则和聚合规则——词的聚合：词类 23.【题干】“老刘有三个孩子”的蕴含义可能有()。 【选项】 A.老刘没有孩子 B.老刘只有三个孩子 C.老刘有不止三个孩子 D.老刘有孩子 E.老刘没有三个孩子 【答案】BCD 【解析】蕴含义指说出的话中包含着其中某个词语的上位义或整体义，分为两种“衍推义”和“隐含义”。D为衍推义，BC为隐含义。 【考点】语用——会话准则和会话含义——蕴含义和预设义 24.【题干】医生安慰重病人说：“没什么大问题，好好回家休养”明显违反了()。 【选项】 A.赞誉准则 B.慷慨准则 C.相关准则 D.一致准则 E.质量准则 【答案】CE 【解析】为了避免患者受到损害，遵守礼貌原则，医生被迫违反了合作原则中相关原则和质量准则。 【考点】语用——会话准则和会话含义——违反会话准则产生的会话含义 25.【题干】下面各项属汉字字体演变不同阶段的有()。 【选项】 A.甲骨文 B.金文 C.小篆 D.隶书 E.繁体 【答案】ABCD 【解析】汉字大致经历了甲骨文、金文、小篆、隶书、楷书这几个不同字体的演变。 【考点】文字——汉字和汉字改革——汉字的演变 26.【题干】反义词 【答案】反义词指的是具有相反相对意义关系的一组词语，单独的一个词语无所谓反义词。 【考点】语义——词语的意义——词义的聚合关系 27.【题干】外来词 【答案】外来词也叫借词，即一种语言从外族语言中翻译或借用的词语。 【考点】语汇——词语的分类——词的分类 28.【题干】言内语境 【答案】言内语境指与话语内部的语言要素相关的语境。 【考点】语用——语境和语句的意义——语境和语句意义 29.【题干】他源文字 【答案】他源文字指借用其他文字产生和发展起来的文字。 【考点】文字——文字的演变——文字发展的规律 30.【题干】找出下面这句话的单纯词和合成词。 姑妈蹒跚着走了过来。 【答案】单纯词：蹒跚、着、走、了。 合成词：姑妈、过来。 【考点】语汇——词语的构造——词的构造形式 31.【题干】以汉语为例，说明孤立语的主要特点。 【答案】汉语作为孤立语的主要特点有： 1、不通过谓词词形变化表“时、体、态”，而是有丰富的表时态的助词(着、了、过等)、表语气的助词(的、呢、吗)等。 2、没有通过名词词形变化表“性、数、格”，而特别突出语序和虚词的作用。 3、各种实词(名、动、形等)都没有词尾标记，词类和句法成分不存在一 一对应关系。 【考点】语言和语言学——认识人类的语言——语言的性质和类型 32.【题干】简要说明多义词与同音词的差别。 【答案】现时意义有联系的是多义词，现时意义没有联系的是同音词。如“花钱”中“花”表示“耗费”，“花费”中“花”表示“可供观赏的植物”，意义之间没有任何联系，它们为同音词。“浓茶”中“浓”表示“含某种成分多”，“兴趣浓”中“浓”表示“程度深”，意义之间有联系，它们为多义词。 【考点】语汇——词语的分类——同音词和同形词 33.【题干】简要说明语言演变的不平衡性。 【答案】1、语言系统的各个组成部分与社会变化发展的联系是各不相同的。 语汇的新陈代谢最快，其次是语音，语音系统相对来说是比较稳定的。语法是语言成分的组织规则，每项语法规则都支配着整个类型的语言成分，新词语的产生和旧词语的消失一般不会立即引起语法规则的改变。 2、不平衡性还体现在统一语言现象的发展速度、发展方向在不同的地域的不一致：可能在有的地区变，在有的地区不变;或者有的地区这样变，有的地区那样变。比如汉语可能式动补结构，普通话说“打不过他”，南方方言则说“打他不过”。 【考点】语言的发展和演变——语言的产生和发展——语言的发展 34.【题干】什么是句法手段?说明下面三个例子各是通过什么句法手段表现不同的语法意义。 我的老师——我和老师 洗衣服——洗干净 客人来了——来客人了 【答案】句法手段指通过结构的变化来表现语法意义的形式，包括虚词、语类选择、语序、句调。 1、“我的老师”和“我和老师”是通过虚词来表现不同语法意义。虚词是通过使用虚词来表示一定语法意义的形式。虚词不同，语法意义不同，虚词“的”表示领属关系，“和”表示并列关系。 2、“洗衣服”和“洗干净”是通过语类选择来表现不同语法意义。语类选择是通过选择句法结构中可以组合的词类或词组的类来表示一定语法意义的形式。“洗衣服”是动宾结构，“洗干净”是动补结构。 3、“客人来了”和“来客人了”是通过语序来表现不同语法意义。语序是通过句法结构中词的位置顺序来表示一定语法意义的形式。汉语常用词语的顺序表示语法关系。“客人来了”是主谓关系，“来客人了”是动宾关系。 【考点】语法——语法形式和语法意义——语法形式的主要手段 35.【题干】从下列材料中分析汉语普通话儿化韵的作用。 头-头儿(领导) 眼-眼儿(小孔) 一点(一点钟)-一点儿 画-画儿 盖-盖儿 活-活儿 米粒-米粒儿 门缝-门缝儿 小鱼-小鱼儿 【答案】儿化韵作用主要有：区别词义、区别词类、表细小及可爱的感情 色彩。 1、第一组体现了儿化韵可以区别词义的作用。“头-头儿(领导)、眼-眼儿(小孔)、一点(一点钟)-一点儿”中只改变了词的意义，并没有改变词类。 2、第二组体现了儿化韵可以区别词类的作用。“画-画儿、盖-盖儿、活-活儿”中“画、盖、活”都是动词，“画儿、盖儿、活儿”都是名词。 3、第三组体现了儿化韵可以表细小及可爱的感情 色彩的作用。“米粒-米粒儿、门缝-门缝儿、小鱼-小鱼儿”加上儿化后，词类和词义均没有发生变化，只起到了可以表细小及可爱的感情 色彩的作用。 【考点】语音——语流音变和韵律节奏——语流音变
全国06年4月自学考试：英语（二）试卷及答案 2006年09月21日 14:18 来源：腾讯教育 第 1 2 3 4 5 6 页 PART ONE （50 POINTS） I.Vocabulary and Structure （10 points， 1point each） 1. It would be better to make a decision now， ______ leave it until next week. A. other than B. rather than C. less than D. more than 2. We‘ll inform you as soon as tickets become ______. A. valuable B. capable C. acceptable D. available 3. The foreign company has been______ running this factory for decades. A. enormously B. effectively C. infinitely D. extremely 4. If you ______ my advice， you wouldn‘t be in such trouble now. A. took B. takes C. has taken D. had taken · 免费用QQ打电话超清晰 · 银行卡 安全快捷换Q币 · 沟通无极限手机Q时代 · 魔法表情秀出百变心情 · 管中窥豹 明察秋毫 · QQ秀 秀出个性真自我 5. The meeting ______， we left the room quickly for dinner. A. over B. was over C. is over D. been over 6. All the money ______， Frederick started looking for work. A. having spent B. has been spent C. having been spent D. had been spent 7. ______ his talk when Mary ran out of the lecture hall. A. Hardly had be begun B. Hardly he had begun C. Hardly he has begun D. He hardly had begun 8. The two sisters are _____ in many ways， not only in appearance but also in temperament. A. like B. likely C. alike D. lively 9. The purpose of the program is to provide training for employees so that they can work ______. A. late B. later C. lately D. latest 10. I hope my boy friend will be handsome， strong and ______ kind. A. above all B. in all C. at all D. after all II. Cloze Test （10 points， 1 point each） However careful one may be， he cannot possibly listen carefully to everything that he hears. There are 11 of reasons for this. One of them is the overload of messages most of us 12 each day. In addition to the numerous hours we 13 hearing other people speak， we may spend several hours listening to the radio or sitting in front of a television set. 14， it is impossible to focus our attention completely on what is said； our mind might be 15 elsewhere. Preoccupation with our personal concerns is 16 reason we don‘t always listen carefully. A romance 17 sour or a good grade on a test may take prominence in our mind even as 18 is speaking to us. Furthermore， we are surrounded by all kinds of noises which interfere 19 listening. For example， voices at a party or 20 of traffic may simply make it difficult for us to catch everything that is being said. 11. A. the number B. a number C. number D. numbers 12. A. accept B. obtain C. receive D. possess 13. A. put B. consume C. spend D. spare 14. A. Besides B. Whereas C. Otherwise D. Nevertheless 15. A. wondering B. swinging C. recycling D. wandering 16. A. other B. some C. the other D. another 17. A. gone B. going C. goes D. went 18. A. anyone B. everyone C. someone D. few 19. A. to B. with C. of D. about 20. A. sound B. noise C. voice D. scream III. Reading Comprehension （30 points， 2 points each） Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. Many of today‘s most trusted sales techniques were invented over a century ago by a young merchant named Eaton in Toronto. When he was young， Eaton worked briefly with his brothers in small-town stores. In 1869， he sep up his own shop in downtown Toronto. He had many competitors， but he was also ambitious and had a plan for success. He offered a unique style of trade， but as was expected， all the other shopkeepers laughed at him， believing he would eventually fail. However， Eaton was not a man to be easily defeated； he came up with a brand new notion of business – “Goods satisfactory， or money refunded.” He sold all his goods at fixed prices and only for cash. With a sharp sense of what the public wanted， he went out of the way to meet their needs. His business grew rapidly. He set up new branches and started mail order service that allowed people to buy from a list of his goods. Eaton‘s list—advertisements of his day—was the first of its kind. It was distributed and read all over the country. It was the only way to access good-quality goods at reasonable prices for people living far away from big cites. It became part of their life. They even called it The Wishing Book. The secret of the list’s success was that Eaton gained the respect of this customers； they trusted him for good prices and quality goods. Probably because he remembered his miserable early days in Ireland， Eaton thought much of the welfare of his employees： better working conditions， shorter weekday hours than his competitors and Saturday afternoons off in the summer. In all this， he was a leader. 21. The best description of Eaton is that ______. A. he was the richest merchant in Toronto B. he was a successful technical inventor C. he introduced new sales practices D. he changed people‘s ideas about businessmen 22. Eaton‘s success lay primarily in that ____. A. he sold only good quality goods B. he was the first person to provide good service C. he treated his employees better than any of his competitors D. he won respect from his customers 23. From the passage we can infer that ______. A. Eaton invented the idea of the internet shopping B. Eaton drove other businessmen to failure C. Eaton never sold his goods on credit D. Eaton was defeated by his rivals 24. The best title for this passage is _____. A. Good Goods， of Money Refunded B. Eaton， a Sales Inventor C. Customers‘ Respect， a Secret of Success D. Eaton‘s list， a Welcome Event in Sales History 25. Eaton‘s List was important to people on farms because it was a convenient way of getting _____. A. good-quality goods at reasonable prices B. goods at unreasonable prices C. good-quality goods at unreasonable prices D. poor-quality goods at reasonable prices Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. The threat of a global outbreak （疾病大爆发） of bird flu makes it urgent for the international community to cooperate effectively. Wealthy countries will have to provide hundreds of millions of dollars for the testing and production of medicines necessary for treating patients suffering from bird flu. Developing countries， particularly in Southeast Asia， where the bird flu virus （病毒） has spread since 1997， must work out special programs so that farmers will not hide sighs of possible outbreaks. In addition， the way such farm birds as chickens and ducks are traditionally raised and marketed in the developing world should be changed； there should be more distance between the birds and their keepers. Countries should deal with the disease with joint effort. If one country is inadequately prepared， it will be a threat to every other country. The potential effects of a national outbreak of bird flu are enormous. Firstly， an outbreak may kill large numbers of people. World Health Organization （WHO） estimates that an outbreak similar to the mild Hong Kong flu of 1968 could kill as many as 7.4 millions people. If it were as dangerous as the 1918 Spanish flu， which killed 50 million， the number would be much higher. Secondly， such an outbreak may cause great financial damage. The latest outbreak of bird flu， which began in December 2003， has cost Southeast Asia more than $10 billion and depressed its GDP by 1.5 percent. If a new outbreak of bird flu were to last for a whole year， $800 billion would be lost. Despite the 124 human cases and 63 deaths from bird flu since December 2003， the virus remains mainly a disease animals. However， the more animals that die of the disease， the more chances it has of spreading to people. Large numbers of dead or dying birds mean that more people will be exposed to the virus and change into a virus with new characteristics. If the international community works together efficiently， man can surely prevent such a virus and possibly save millions of lives. 26. Faced with the threat of a global outbreak of bird flu， the international community should ________. A. establish new markets B. work together effectively C. stop birds from flying to other countries D. raise fewer chickens and ducks 27. The second paragraph focuses on ______. A. World Health Organization B. flus in Hong Kong and Spain C. the economy of Southeast Asia D. possible effects of a bird flu outbreak 28. The number of people who have died of bird flu since 2003 is _______. A. 63 B. 124 C. 7.4 million D. 50 million 29. In the third paragraph， the author is mainly interested in _____. A. stimulating financial growth B. reducing economic damages C. saving human lives D. protecting bird species 30. The passage deals with all the following aspects bird flu EXCEPT _______. A. the origin and history of bird flu B. the importance of international cooperation C. the possible dangers of a national outbreak D. the significance of preventing it from spreading Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. The long summer holidays are finally over and some parents are pleased. “We worry more about their safety in the holidays，” explains one mother from North London. If teenagers are not wandering around on public transport in a big and potentially dangerous city， they are chatting to strangers in an internet chat room！ Well， that‘s an extreme picture of the UK today， but many parents are worried about how much freedom they can give their children during the holidays and at weekends. Weekends are not the only time to worry！ Newspaper are full of stories about too many school kids going to school by car because their parents do not want them to travel alone on a bus or train. This summer there were more frightening stories of teenagers disappearing with questionable friends that they met on the net. All the Media stories help increase parents fears， but is the UK really so dangerous？ Many young people feel that life for their parents was easier. In the 1960s young people played in the streets more and traveled around town without their parents. “At least our parents can keep tabs on us，” says 16-year-old Julia. “So many people have mobile phones now and their parents ring to find out where they are. I use my mobile to get Dad to come to the station when I arrive late.” Mobiles are not just expensive toys； they help keep young people safe. Most significantly， they help keep young people safe. Most significantly， they make parents feel better. Only one problem is， though， that some young people have been attacked by thieves who want to steal their mobile phones. Young people like going out with friends， but they now need to learn how to get home safely. Five million young people in the UK between the ages of 9 to 16 use chat rooms to make friends， but they， too， need to be careful and never give their personal details to a stranger. Young people today have more opportunities to meet new people and go out at night more than their parents ever did. Now school， television programs and newspapers must help teenagers to enjoy their freedom and to be responsible for their own safety. 31. Some parents are upset about the summer holidays mainly because their children ______. A. wander around on bus in the city B. chat to strangers in Internet chat rooms C. make questionable friends on the net D. are taken little care of by teachers 32. For the sake of the safety， many parents send their kids to school ________. A. by car B. by bus C. by train D. by public transport 33. Most significantly， mobile phones _______. A. enable parents keep a close watch on their kids B. help keep teenagers safe C. make parents feel less worried D. protect teenagers from being attacked 34. Teenagers should never give any strangers ______. A. their mobile phone numbers B. their family address C. their personal information D. their parents‘ names 35. This passage is mainly about ________. A. freedom for teenagers in summer holidays B. safety for teenagers in summer holidays C. activities for teenagers in summer holidays D. troubles for teenagers in summer holidays PART TWO （50 POINTS） IV. Word Spelling （10 points， 1 point for two items） 将下列汉语单词译成英语。每个单词的词类、首字母及字母数目均已给出。请将完整的单词写在答题纸上。 36. 获胜者，优胜者 n. w_ _ _ _ _ 37. （使）枯萎，凋谢 v. w_ _ _ _ _ 38. 垂直的，竖的 a. v_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39. 易变的，变量的 a. v_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40. 唯一的，独特的 a. u_ _ _ _ _ 41. 地下的，隐蔽的 a. u_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42. 真实的，如实地 ad. t_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43. 星期二 n. T_ _ _ _ _ _ 44. 传统，惯例 n. t_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45. 同情，同情心 n. s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46. 投降，让步 vi. s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47. 足够的，充分的 a. s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48. 亲属，亲戚 n. r_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49. 抵抗，反抗 n. r_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50. 有目的的，蓄意的 a. p_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51. 财产；性质 n. p_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52. 俯望，漏看 vt. o_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53. 发源，源自 vi. o_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54. 音乐的，悦耳的 a. m_ _ _ _ _ _ 55. 意图，打算 n. i_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ V. Word Form （10 points， 1 point each） 将括号中的各词变为适当的形式填入空白。答案写在答题纸上。 56.He _________（write） her 10 letters since he met her last years. 57. I think it necessary for him ________ （finish） the work in time. 58. The house is ______ （complete） before his brother‘s wedding ceremony. 59. You had better ________ （bring） enough money with you. 60. The _______ （good） he feels， the more work he will do. 61. If I hadn‘t listened to you， I would _______ （make） such a silly mistake. 62. The three players repeatedly denied ________ （take） any drug. 63. People who are entitled to ________ （vote） should be over eighteen. 64. The government has taken measures to reduce the total energy ______（consume）。 65. If she ______（catch） the 10 O‘clock train， she can get there by lunch time. VI. Translation from Chinese into English （15 points， 3 points each） 将下列各句译成英语并将答案写在答题纸上。 66. 男人的平均身高比女人高几英寸。 67. 你所说的与我们正在讨论的豪不相干。 68. 教育应该使每个学生德、智、体全面发展。 69.这本书对读者产生了很大影响。 70.这次考试比我们预想的要难得多。 VII. Translation from English into Chinese （15 points） 将下列短文译成汉语并将答案写在答题纸上。 There is a clear distinction between one who is supposed to know and another， usually a younger person who is supposed not to know. However， teaching is not necessarily the area of a special group of people， nor should it be looked upon as a technical skill. Teaching can be more like guiding and assisting than forcing information into a blank mind. If you have a certain skill， you should be able to share it with others. You do not have to get a certificate to convey what you know to them or to help them in their attempt to teach themselves. All of us， from the very youngest children to the oldest members of our society， should come to realize our own talent and abilities as teachers. We can share what we know， however little it might be， with others who have need of that knowledge or skill. 「答案及评分参考」 I. Vocabulary and Structure （本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 1.B 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.A 6.C 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.A II. Cloze Test （本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 11.B 12.C 13.C 14.A 15.D 16.D 17.A 18.C 19.B 20.B III. Reading Comprehension （本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分） 21.C 22.D 23.C 24.B 25.A 26.B 27.D 28.A 29.C 30.A 31.D 32.A 33.C 34.C 35.B IV. Word Spelling （本大题共20小题，每两小题1分，共10分） 36. winner 37. wither 38. vertical 39. variable 40. unique 41. underground 42. truthfully 43.Tuesday 44. tradition 45. sympathy 46. surrender 47. sufficient 48. relative 49. resistance 50. purposeful 51. property 52. overlook 53. originate 54. musical 55. intention [评分参考] 多写、少写或错写一个或一个以上的字母均为错 V. Word From （本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 56. has written 57. to finish 58. to be completed 59. bring 60. better 61. have made 62. taking 63. vote 64. consumption 65. catches [评分参考] 语法错误或拼写错误均不给分。 VI. Translation from Chinese into English （本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分） 66. On the average， men are higher than women by several inches/several inches higher than women. 67. What you said has nothing to do/has no relevance with what we are discussing. 68. Education should enable every student to develop morally，intellectually and physically. 69. The book has made a great impact/had a great effect/influence on its readers. 70. The test was much more difficult than we had expected.
【 #自考# 导语】高等教育自学考试，简称自学考试、自考，1981年经国务院批准创立，是对自学者进行的以学历考试为主的高等教育国家考试。以下是 考 网为大家整理的《2018年4月自学考试《语言学概论》答案及解析（部分）》供您查阅。 【题干】人的大脑语言功能的临界期现在一般认为大约是()。 【选项】 A.5-6岁 B.7-8岁 C.9-10岁 D.12-13岁 【答案】D 【解析】人的大脑语言功能的临界期现在一般认为最迟大约是12-13岁。 【考点】语言与科学技术——生命科学和人的语言能力——大脑的语言功能受临界期限制 【题干】下列关于“威尔尼克失语症”的表述，不正确的一项是()。 【选项】 A.发音仍然比较准确 B.构成不完整的句子 C.仍然能听懂别人的话 D.词语之间没有联系 【答案】C 【解析】威尔尼克取受损的患者能够说出一些词语，发音也很准确，但是词语之间在意义上没有联系，构成不了完整的句子，而且患者也听不懂别人说的话。 【考点】语言与科学技术——生命科学和人的语言能力——人脑语言能力的研究成果 21.【题干】下面各项中属于词的有()。 【选项】 A.吃败仗 B.转基因 C.幼儿园 D.小女儿 E.玩游戏 【答案】BCD 【解析】词是最小的、有意义的、能够独立使用的语言单位。A属于“语”，长度相当于语法上的词组或句子，但意义和用法相对凝固的语言片段。E属于“短语”。 【考点】语汇——语汇概说——什么是语汇 22.【题干】下面各对词语中，能表现在同一语法位置上的有()。 【选项】 A.小孩-苹果 B.大-小 C.红-红色 D.写-在 E.好-衣服 【答案】ABD 【解析】能表现在同一个语法位置上词，他们是属于聚合关系，聚合关系得到的是词类。A是名词，B是形容词，D是动词。 【考点】语法——组合规则和聚合规则——词的聚合：词类 23.【题干】“老刘有三个孩子”的蕴含义可能有()。 【选项】 A.老刘没有孩子 B.老刘只有三个孩子 C.老刘有不止三个孩子 D.老刘有孩子 E.老刘没有三个孩子 【答案】BCD 【解析】蕴含义指说出的话中包含着其中某个词语的上位义或整体义，分为两种“衍推义”和“隐含义”。D为衍推义，BC为隐含义。 【考点】语用——会话准则和会话含义——蕴含义和预设义 24.【题干】医生安慰重病人说：“没什么大问题，好好回家休养”明显违反了()。 【选项】 A.赞誉准则 B.慷慨准则 C.相关准则 D.一致准则 E.质量准则 【答案】CE 【解析】为了避免患者受到损害，遵守礼貌原则，医生被迫违反了合作原则中相关原则和质量准则。 【考点】语用——会话准则和会话含义——违反会话准则产生的会话含义 25.【题干】下面各项属汉字字体演变不同阶段的有()。 【选项】 A.甲骨文 B.金文 C.小篆 D.隶书 E.繁体 【答案】ABCD 【解析】汉字大致经历了甲骨文、金文、小篆、隶书、楷书这几个不同字体的演变。 【考点】文字——汉字和汉字改革——汉字的演变 26.【题干】反义词 【答案】反义词指的是具有相反相对意义关系的一组词语，单独的一个词语无所谓反义词。 【考点】语义——词语的意义——词义的聚合关系 27.【题干】外来词 【答案】外来词也叫借词，即一种语言从外族语言中翻译或借用的词语。 【考点】语汇——词语的分类——词的分类 28.【题干】言内语境 【答案】言内语境指与话语内部的语言要素相关的语境。 【考点】语用——语境和语句的意义——语境和语句意义 29.【题干】他源文字 【答案】他源文字指借用其他文字产生和发展起来的文字。 【考点】文字——文字的演变——文字发展的规律 30.【题干】找出下面这句话的单纯词和合成词。 姑妈蹒跚着走了过来。 【答案】单纯词：蹒跚、着、走、了。 合成词：姑妈、过来。 【考点】语汇——词语的构造——词的构造形式 31.【题干】以汉语为例，说明孤立语的主要特点。 【答案】汉语作为孤立语的主要特点有： 1、不通过谓词词形变化表“时、体、态”，而是有丰富的表时态的助词(着、了、过等)、表语气的助词(的、呢、吗)等。 2、没有通过名词词形变化表“性、数、格”，而特别突出语序和虚词的作用。 3、各种实词(名、动、形等)都没有词尾标记，词类和句法成分不存在一 一对应关系。 【考点】语言和语言学——认识人类的语言——语言的性质和类型 32.【题干】简要说明多义词与同音词的差别。 【答案】现时意义有联系的是多义词，现时意义没有联系的是同音词。如“花钱”中“花”表示“耗费”，“花费”中“花”表示“可供观赏的植物”，意义之间没有任何联系，它们为同音词。“浓茶”中“浓”表示“含某种成分多”，“兴趣浓”中“浓”表示“程度深”，意义之间有联系，它们为多义词。 【考点】语汇——词语的分类——同音词和同形词 33.【题干】简要说明语言演变的不平衡性。 【答案】1、语言系统的各个组成部分与社会变化发展的联系是各不相同的。 语汇的新陈代谢最快，其次是语音，语音系统相对来说是比较稳定的。语法是语言成分的组织规则，每项语法规则都支配着整个类型的语言成分，新词语的产生和旧词语的消失一般不会立即引起语法规则的改变。 2、不平衡性还体现在统一语言现象的发展速度、发展方向在不同的地域的不一致：可能在有的地区变，在有的地区不变;或者有的地区这样变，有的地区那样变。比如汉语可能式动补结构，普通话说“打不过他”，南方方言则说“打他不过”。 【考点】语言的发展和演变——语言的产生和发展——语言的发展 34.【题干】什么是句法手段?说明下面三个例子各是通过什么句法手段表现不同的语法意义。 我的老师——我和老师 洗衣服——洗干净 客人来了——来客人了 【答案】句法手段指通过结构的变化来表现语法意义的形式，包括虚词、语类选择、语序、句调。 1、“我的老师”和“我和老师”是通过虚词来表现不同语法意义。虚词是通过使用虚词来表示一定语法意义的形式。虚词不同，语法意义不同，虚词“的”表示领属关系，“和”表示并列关系。 2、“洗衣服”和“洗干净”是通过语类选择来表现不同语法意义。语类选择是通过选择句法结构中可以组合的词类或词组的类来表示一定语法意义的形式。“洗衣服”是动宾结构，“洗干净”是动补结构。 3、“客人来了”和“来客人了”是通过语序来表现不同语法意义。语序是通过句法结构中词的位置顺序来表示一定语法意义的形式。汉语常用词语的顺序表示语法关系。“客人来了”是主谓关系，“来客人了”是动宾关系。 【考点】语法——语法形式和语法意义——语法形式的主要手段 35.【题干】从下列材料中分析汉语普通话儿化韵的作用。 头-头儿(领导) 眼-眼儿(小孔) 一点(一点钟)-一点儿 画-画儿 盖-盖儿 活-活儿 米粒-米粒儿 门缝-门缝儿 小鱼-小鱼儿 【答案】儿化韵作用主要有：区别词义、区别词类、表细小及可爱的感情 色彩。 1、第一组体现了儿化韵可以区别词义的作用。“头-头儿(领导)、眼-眼儿(小孔)、一点(一点钟)-一点儿”中只改变了词的意义，并没有改变词类。 2、第二组体现了儿化韵可以区别词类的作用。“画-画儿、盖-盖儿、活-活儿”中“画、盖、活”都是动词，“画儿、盖儿、活儿”都是名词。 3、第三组体现了儿化韵可以表细小及可爱的感情 色彩的作用。“米粒-米粒儿、门缝-门缝儿、小鱼-小鱼儿”加上儿化后，词类和词义均没有发生变化，只起到了可以表细小及可爱的感情 色彩的作用。 【考点】语音——语流音变和韵律节奏——语流音变
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2003年4月自考英语(一)试题及答案 Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Structure(10 points,1 point for each)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 1�Since Americans pay very high taxes,they often feel that they are working one day each week justtheir taxes.A�pay B�to be paying C�paid D�to pay【】2�Advertising is only part of the total sales effort,but it is the part thatthe most attention.A�attacks B�attracts C�attaches D�attributes【】3�Information that does not make any to you is difficult to remember.A�trouble B�way C�sense D�mistake【】4�The United States is known for its supermarkets,huge quantities of all kinds of food and household articles are sold.A�which B�that C�when D�where【】5�The ants,hardworkingthey are,have time for play.A�as B�but C�so D�lest【】6�Diamonds are the hardestfound in nature.A�instance B�circumstance C�substance D�existence【】7�Large and powerful,the atmosphere consists of an ocean of gases hundreds of miles.A�high B�higher C�highly D�height【】8�Curiosity and imagination are importantwhich help stimulate the discovery of new facts and the laws of science.A�techniques B�technologies C�qualities D�quantities【】9�Information in long�term memory can beat a later time when it is needed.A�remarked B�reminded C�removed D�recalled【】10�Insurance agents are always friendly,well dressed,and cager to behelp.A�for B�of C�from D�into【】Ⅱ�Cloze Test(10 points,1 point for each)下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 For human beings there is more to living than just staying alive.Therefore,your 11,or emotional and mental needs are important.You need to love and 12.You need to feel safe and secure.At the same time,you need to feel13.You need stimulation and variety to keep your brain14and to achieve personal growth.You also need to have a sense of 15,a personal identity,in order to know 16you are and how you fit in the environment. Of all the emotional needs,a need for love is the17basic.At different times in life,you experience the need for love in different ways.18.a helpless baby feels love in 19to care.Love means being kept dry and warm and being fed.Gentle touch and firm support create a feeling of trust20 the baby for the people who care for it. 11�A�physical B�political C�psychological D�educational【】12�A�to be loved B�to be loving �to have loved D�to be for love【】13�A�depend B�depended C�dependent D�independent【】14�A�act B�acted C�active D�action【】15�A�self B�own C�you D�yours【】16�A�that B�who C�which D�how【】17�A�much B�more C�most D�very【】18�A�In addition B�On the average C�Of course D�For example【】19�A�response B�regard C�terms D�view【】20�A�at B�in C�with D�by【】Ⅲ.Reading Comprehension(30 points,2 points for each)从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。Passage one Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. The term “flying saucer”refers to strange objects travelling through the earth�s atmosphere at very high speeds.Thousands of people all over the world claim to have seen them.Some believe them to be spaceships from other planets.Others insist that they are a secret type of aircraft being built on earth.Many people maintain that they are only natural phenomena happening under special temperature,light,or weather conditions All reports,however,agree that the strange objects move at extremely high speeds and fail to follow the laws of motion by reversing(逆转) direction instantly without slowing down. In the United States,the first flying saucers were reported on June 4,1947,by a private plane pilot.He saw nine objects travelling in the sky.Each was disk�shaped and very bright.Because their movements were compared to those of a “saucer skimming across the water”, newspaper reporters called them “flying saucers”. Some weeks after the first reported sighting,the United States Air Force was given the job of investigating all the reports of flying saucers.Because of the confusing variety of shapes,sizes,and colors reported,the Air Force adopted the term Unidentified Flying Objects(UFO) to describe them. Since the Air Force officials began their investigation of flying saucers,they have identified most of the objects as stars,planes,man�made satellites,experimental missiles(导弹),or weather phenomena.Some of the UFO reports,including photographs,were deliberate(蓄意的)tricks made to cheat people. All the research so far has failed to prove that UFOs are spaceships coming from outside the earth.Most investigators agree,however,that more study is needed before the question of whether or not flying saucers really exist can be answered.21�The term“flying saucer” is generally used to refer to.A�spaceships from other planetsB�a secret type of aircraft being builtC�some natural phenomenaD�strange objects flying very fast in the sky【】22�The first flying saucers got their name.A�from a private plane pilot who saw themB�for their brightness in colorC�because they looked like disks moving in the airD�because they skimmed across the water【】23�The Air Force preferred the term UFO because.A�newspaper reporters used itB�the term “flying saucer” was very confusingC�UFO is a general term that can refer to a larger variety of objectsD�the Air Force didn�t find any objects that looked like flying saucers【】24�All the research has failed to identify any UFOs as.A�man�made satellitesB�aircraftC�experimental missilesD�spaceships sent from other planets【】25�From this passage we know that.A�the US Air Force was the first reporter of flying saucersB�the term UFO was first used by the US Air Force investigatorsC�UFOs are not worth further investigationD�the question of whether there exist flying saucers has already been answered 【】Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. The American educator Horace Mann once said:“As an apple is not in any proper sense an apple until it is ripe,so a human being is not in any proper sense a human being until he is educated.”Education is the process through which man attempts to pass on to his children his hard�won wisdom and his ideals of a better world.This process begins shortly after birth,as parents seek to train the infant to behave as his culture demands.Schooling,or formal education,consists of experiences that are carefully planned to help young people learn what adults consider important for them to know and how they should respond to choices. While almost everyone accepts the goal of developing skills in the three R�s—reading,writing and arithmetic—it often seems impossible to reach agreement on any goal beyond that.In the broadest terms,the conflict over educational goals can be viewed as a conflict between two groups of people—conservatives and liberals(自由派). The conservatives tend to identify a desirable education with the transmission of the cultural knowledge,offering courses featuring the three R�s at the elementary level and academic(普通文化课的)studies or strong vocational(职业的)or business courses in the secondary school.They stress training of the mind and development of abilities. The liberals tend to be interested in the development of the “whole child,”not merely in training his mind or in preparing him for adult life in a remote future.They emphasize rich,meaningful school living in the present,and they view subject matter as a resource for total human development rather than as a goal in itself.They believe that content should be acquired not for its own sake but as a means of encouraging thought and inquiry.26�What Horace Mann means is that.A�education is essential for man�s growthB�an apple is delicious only when it is ripeC�a man is like a child without proper educationD�education can be compared to the growth of an apple tree【】27�At school,children.A�find it hard to win wisdomB�have choices in what they learnC�are taught what adults select for them to learnD�learn how they should respond to teachers� questions【】28�The three R�s does not include.A�arithmeticB�writingC�readingD�reasoning【】29�It�s most unlikely that the conservatives should emphasize.A�the teaching of basic cultural knowledgeB�courses in three R�s in the elementary schoolC�courses such as modern physics and marketing at the secondary levelD�the development of the student as an individual person【】30�The liberals hold that.A�the goal of school education is mainly to prepare students for adult lifeB�teaching activities should be rich and meaningful to the studentsC�course content should be learned and remembered for future useD�book knowledge is the only resource for learning【】Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. It has been a wide�spread belief that the American family is dying.But a new study reveals that the American family is stronger than ever.This study affords surprising evidence of the persistence of American commitments to family life. The American family is changing,not dying:It is becoming smaller,men and women are becoming more equal,and the divorce rate is higher.But despite the high divorce rate,marriage has never been more popular.The majority of divorced people remarry,but only 2% marry more than twice.Most marriages last a long time,and a large proportion of divorces are from teenage marriages.Depending on the specific situation,there�s often good reason for teenage marriages to break up. There is no evidence that children receive less attention from mothers who work outside the home than from mothers working inside the home.So far the amount of educational or development time hasn�t varied very much,whether or not the mother works outside the home.In fact,working mothers try to make up for it by setting aside time only for their children. The study shows that television is by far the most significant new child�care arrangement of this century.The most important activity for children up to age 14 is watching television. School is the second most time�consuming activity for children.They spend an average of about 19 hours a week in school.A larger proportion of children go to school now than ever before,and they stay in school longer.Another big change is that the proportion of very young children in day�care centers(日托站) has almost doubled in recent years.Compared with these two dramatic changes in child activity,the changes caused by mothers working outside the home appear very small.31�The main idea of this article is that.A�the American family is dyingB�young people today don�t want to get marriedC�the American family is changing,but it is stronger than everD�education has resulted in dramatic changes in the American family【】32�Which of the following statements is NOT true?A�Marriage is more popular than before.B�Many divorced people remarry.C�The majority of marriages last long.D�Working mothers devote less time to their children.【】33�The author of this article believes that.A�the American family is here to stayB�children should not watch so much televisionC�mothers should not work when their children are smallD�teenage marriages should be encouraged【】34�What is the most significant new child�care arrangement of this century?A�The day�care center.B�Television.C�The schoolD�Development time.【】35�According to the writer,which two major factors have led to the belief that the American family is dying?A�The divorce rate is high and working mothers neglect their children.B�The divorce rate is high and children care more about television than anything else.C�Divorces are becoming increasingly more and many teenage marriages break up.D�Children stay in school longer and mothers have little time to take care of them.【】PART TWOⅣ.Word Spelling(10 points,1 point for two words)将下列汉语单词译成英语。作为提示，每个单词的词类、首字母及字母数目均已给出。请将完整的单词写在答题纸上。36�表扬 v.p 37�橡皮n.r 38�表面n.s 39�厚的a.t 40�蒸汽n.s 41�权力n.p 42�噪声n.n 43�第九num.n 44�大声的a.l 45�方法n.m 46�羞耻n.s 47�紧张n.t 48�非法的a.l 49�运气n.l 50�中间的a.m 51�严重的a.s 52�财富n.w 53�浅的a.s 54�信号n.s 55�胜利n.v Ⅴ.Word Form(10 points,1 point for each)将括号中的各词变为适当的形式填入空白。答案写在答题纸上。56�Many people feel that the United States(have) a very complicated tax collection system.57�In 1964,the Olympic Games in Tokyo(become) the first program to be transmitted via satellite.58�In the recent past,medical researchers(begin) to emphasize the fact that heart diseases are associated with stress,smoking and a lack of exercise.59�Taxes consist of the money which people pay(support) their government.60�For centuries the Atlantic Ocean kept the Americas from(discover) by the people of Europe.61�The American consumer often feels constantly(disturb) by insurance agents.62�Women tend to engage in more eye contact than men,especially when(talk) to other women.63�Though marriage(practice) in almost all countries of the world,the customs are quite different from one culture to another.64�No one has been able to prove that fish is any(good) for the brain than many other kinds of food.65�If we did not have atmospheric pressure,we(can,not have) automobile tires.Ⅵ.Translation from Chinese into English (15 points,3 points for each)将下列各句译成英语并将答案写在答题纸上。66�人所共知，大西洋仅有太平洋一半大。67�人们可以在电视里观看他们想看的任何电影。 68�在过去几年里你在保险上花了多少钱？69�为了不被人误解，你应当认识肢体语言与文化关系密切。70�直至14世纪较精确的地图才开始出现。Ⅶ�Translation from English into Chinese (15 points)将下列短文译成汉语并将答案写在答题纸上。 While the quantity of food needed by the body is measured by the amount of energy,or calories,it has,the quality of food is determined by its nutrients.Nutrients are the substances in food that are needed by your body.You can consume enough soft drinks,bread,and potatoes to supply you with enough calories for the energy you need.But these foods will not supply you with all the necessary nutrients your body needs in order to function well. It is believed that there are forty�five nutrients needed by the human body.It is essential that each of them be present in various amounts in a good diet.Each nutrient is responsible for performing a special body function.2003年下半年高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语(一)试卷完全详解Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Structure1�【analysis】句中意思为美国人每周有一天的工作是为付高额税的， 因而为目的状语，应用一般式的主动形式。 【key】选D.to pay。2�【analysis】这后半句为强调主语的强调句，意思为这部分最吸引注意， 故应选B�attracts吸引；而A�attacks攻击；C�attaches依附；D�attributes引起，都不对。 【key】选B�attracts。3�【analysis】全句意思为“对你没有任何意义的信息是难以记忆的”。 应为C�sense意义；而trouble苦恼，way方式，mistake错误，都不符合。 【key】选C�sense。4�【analysis】后部分为定语从句说明supermarkets超市，即为场所， 应用D�where。 【key】选D�where。5�【analysis】 以as引出的状语从句，可以把表语提到主语前面来，如Cold as the weather was,it couldn�t cool our enthusiasm for work.故本句应选A�as。 【key】选A�as。6�【analysis】全句意思为“钻石是自然中所发现的最硬的物质”。 应选C�substance物质；而instance实例，circumstance（通常作复数）环境，existence存在，都不合适。 【key】选C�substance。7�【analysis】 数字后说明高应用形容词high,如The house is ten meters high。 【key】选A�high。8�【analysis】句子含意“好奇心与想像力是重要的品性”， 品性或品质为quality, 而technique技巧，technology工程学，quantity重量，数量都不合适。 【key】选C�qualities。9�【analysis】句子意思为“长期记忆的信息在以后需要的时候能记起来。” 应为D�recalled记起；而A�remark评论；B�remined sb.of sb./sth.使某人回想起来某人；C�removed移开；因句中无of结构，故应为D。 【key】选D�recalled。10�【analysis】be of help有帮助，为习惯用语。 【key】选B�of。Ⅱ�Cloze Test11～12【analysis】句意为“你的心理的或感情的，思想上的需要是重要的。你需要去爱和接受爱。” 11�C�psychological心理的；12�A�to be loved被爱。【key】11�选C；12�选A。13～14【analysis】句意为“你需要感到平安和无忧虑。同时，你需要能自立，你需要激励和多姿多彩以保持大脑活跃和实现个人成熟”。【key】13�选D�independent自立；14�选C�active活跃。15～16【analysis】句意为“你也需要有理性，个人特性，为了了解你自己和你如何适应环境”。【key】15�选A�self;16�选B�who。17～19【analysis】句意为“在所有的感情需要中，爱的需要是最基本的。一生中的不同时段，你会经历不同方式的爱的需要。例如，不能自立的婴儿感到关心的爱护”。【key】17�选C�most最；18�选D�Forexample例如；19�选A�response,in～to应…而。20【analysis】句意为“轻柔触摸和坚定保护能使婴儿对照顾他的人产生信任感”。【key】选B�in。Ⅲ.Reading Comprehension21 【analysis】全文意思为“飞碟指地球上空高速飞行的奇异物体，1947年6月4日美国私人飞机驾驶员，看到天空九个碟形物盘旋，因此报上称之为飞碟，因形状不一，所以美国空军称之为不明飞行物”。21题应为D，即飞碟一般用于指空中飞速快的奇怪物体，即D。 【key】选D.22 【analysis】题意为“最初飞碟名称来自看来如空中运动的碟似物”。 【key】选C.23 【analysis】“空军用不明飞行物是因为这个术语能指代种类较多的物体”。 【key】选C.24 【analysis】“关于从其他行星过来的宇宙飞船的辨认的研究全失败了”。 【key】选D.25 【analysis】“从本文我们知道美国空军研究人员首先用了不明飞行物的术语”。 【key】选B.26【analysis】第二篇阅读理解文章含意为“教育是从出生开始，经学校正规教育，使之学会成人认为重要的经验，即三种技巧——阅读，写作与算术。教育的目标分为保守派与自由派。保守派为传播文化知识，提供三种技巧的文化课与职业专业课，强调思想训练和能力培养。自由派强调当前丰富的有意义的学校生活而且把课程看作全人类发展的才能而不仅是目标的本身”。26题Horace Mann的意思是“教育对人们的成长是必要的”【key】选A.27 【analysis】“在校内，孩子们按大人们为他们所选的教材教学”。 【key】选C.28 【analysis】三R并不包括“推理”。 【key】选D.29 【analysis】“保守派极可能强调学生作为个人培养”。 【key】选D.30 【analysis】自由派认为“教学活动应对学生是富有意义的”。 【key】选B.31 【analysis】第三篇意义为“广泛的信念为美国家庭正在消失，而新的研究揭示美国家庭比以前更牢固了。是正在变化，而并不消亡，是更小了，男女更平等了而离婚率更高了。没有证据说明在家外工作的母亲比在家内干活的对孩子们较少关心。不管是否母亲在家外工作，对孩子的教育培养并无太多的变动。孩子在14岁前最重要的活动是观看电视，而学校成为其次花费时间的活动”。 31题这篇文章主题思想为“美国家庭正在变化，但比以前更牢固了”。 【key】选C.32 【analysis】以下叙述哪点是不正确的？ 应为D�劳动妇女更少时间专心于孩子了。 【key】选D.33 【analysis】本文作者相信， 应为A�美国家庭仍稳固着。 【key】选A.34 【analysis】本世纪新的孩子照料的安排最有影响的是什么？ 应为B.电视。 【key】选B.35 【analysis】按照作者，哪两种主要因素导致美国家庭正在消亡的信念？ 应为A�离婚率高和劳动妇女忽视他们的孩子。 【key】选A.Ⅳ�Word Spelling36 【analysis】表扬 v.p 。 【key】praise37 【analysis】橡皮n.r , 来自rub v.擦。 【key】rubber38 【analysis】表面n.s , sur�超过+face面。 【key】surface39 【analysis
王蔷《英语教学法教程》（第2版）笔记和课后习题（含考研真题）详解 详解完整内容查看请点击此处>> 【目录】 第1章语言和语言学习 1.1复习笔记 1.2课后习题详解 1.3考研真题与典型题详解 第2章交际教学原则与任务型语言教学 2.1复习笔记 2.2课后习题详解 2.3考研真题与典型题详解 第3章国家英语课程标准 3.1复习笔记 3.2课后习题详解 3.3考研真题与典型题详解 第4章教案设计与书写 4.1复习笔记 4.2课后习题详解 4.3考研真题与典型题详解 第5章外语课堂管理 5.1复习笔记 5.2课后习题详解 5.3考研真题与典型题详解 第6章语音教学 6.1复习笔记 6.2课后习题详解 6.3考研真题与典型题详解 第7章语法教学 7.1复习笔记 7.2课后习题详解 7.3考研真题与典型题详解 第8章词汇教学 8.1复习笔记 8.2课后习题详解 8.3考研真题与典型题详解 第9章听力教学 9.1复习笔记 9.2课后习题详解 9.3考研真题与典型题详解 第10章口语教学 10.1复习笔记 10.2课后习题详解 10.3考研真题与典型题详解 第11章阅读教学 11.1复习笔记 11.2课后习题详解 11.3考研真题与典型题详解 第12章写作教学 12.1复习笔记 12.2课后习题详解 12.3考研真题与典型题详解 第13章综合技能 13.1复习笔记 13.2课后习题详解 13.3考研真题与典型题详解 第14章语言教学中的德育教育 14.1复习笔记 14.2课后习题详解 14.3考研真题与典型题详解 第15章教学评价 15.1复习笔记 15.2课后习题详解 15.3考研真题与典型题详解 第16章学习者个体差异与学习策略培养 16.1复习笔记 16.2课后习题详解 16.3考研真题与典型题详解 第17章英语教育资源的开发与利用 17.1复习笔记 17.2课后习题详解 17.3考研真题与典型题详解 第18章教材的评价与使用 18.1复习笔记 18.2课后习题详解 18.3考研真题与典型题详解 《英语教学法教程》（第2版）（王蔷主编，高等教育出版社）为普通高等教育“十五”国家级规划教材，适用于师范院校英语专业学生，也可用于中学英语教师的继续教育课程和各类英语教师的在职培训课程。该书被很多院校指定为英语专业考研必读书和学术研究参考书。 资料来自： 达聪学习网 （ ） 登录达聪学习网后，搜索框输入：“ 王蔷 ” 即可获得！ 作为该教材的学习辅导书，本书具有以下几个方面的特点： 1．梳理章节脉络，浓缩内容精华。每章的复习笔记以该教材为主并结合其他教材对本章的重难点知识进行了整理，并参考了国内名校名师讲授该教材的课堂笔记，因此，本书的内容几乎浓缩了经典教材的知识精华。 2．中英双语对照，凸显难点要点。本书章节笔记采用了中英文对照的形式，强化对重要难点知识的理解和运用。 3．解析课后习题，提供详尽答案。本书收录了课文中的所有习题，并在参考教材附录的基础上对习题答案进行了完善和补充。 4．精选考研真题，补充难点习题。本书精选名校近年考研真题及相关习题，并提供答案和详解。所选真题和习题基本体现了各个章节的考点和难点，但又不完全局限于教材内容，是对教材内容极好的补充。 第1章语言和语言学习 1.1复习笔记 本章要点： 1. The way we learn languages 我们习得语言的方式 2. Views on language 语言观点 3. The structural view of language 结构主义语言理论 4. The functional view of language 功能主义语言理论 5. The interactional view of language 交互语言理论 6. Common views on language learning 关于语言学习的普遍观点 7. Process-oriented theories and condition-oriented theories 强调过程的语言学习理论和强调条件的语言学习理论 8. The behaviorist theory 行为主义学习理论 9. Cognitive theory 认知学习理论 10. Constructivist theory 建构主义学习理论 11. Socio-constructivist theory 社会建构主义理论 12. Qualities of a good language teacher 一个好的语言老师必备的素养 13. Teacher’s professional development 教师专业技能发展 本章考点： 我们如何习得语言；结构主义语言理论；功能主义语言理论；交互语言理论；关于语言学习的普遍观点；强调过程的语言学习理论和强调条件的语言学习理论；行为主义学习理论；认知学习理论；建构主义学习理论；社会建构主义理论；成为一个好的语言老师所要具备的基本素质；教师专业技能发展图。 本章内容索引： Ⅰ. The way we learn languages Ⅱ. Views on language 1. The structural view of language 2. The functional view of language 3. The interactional view of language Ⅲ. Views on language learning and learning in general 1. Research on language learning 2. Common views on language learning and learning in general （1）Behaviorist theory （2）Cognitive theory （3）Constructivist theory （4）Socio-constructivist theory Ⅳ. Qualities of a good language teacher Ⅴ. Development of a good language teacher Ⅵ. An overview of the book This chapter serves as an introduction for setting the scene for this methodology course. It discusses issues concerning views on language and language learning or learning in general with the belief that such views will affect teachers’ ways of teaching and thus learners’ ways of learning. The qualities of a good language teacher are also discussed in order to raise the participants’ awareness of what is required for a good English teacher. 这一章主要是介绍教学法的方法论，其中讨论的问题涉及语言和语言学习的观点，或者一般学习及这些观点对教师教学方式和学习者学习方式的影响，本章也讨论了一个好的英语教师应具备的素质，以提高语言教学参与者对优秀英语教师相关要求的意识。 Ⅰ. The way we learn languages（我们习得语言的方式） Much of human behaviour is influenced by their experiences. The way language teachers teach in the classroom is to some extent influenced by the way they learned languages. This is especially true in foreign language teaching. 大多数人类行为受过往经验的影响。语言老师在课堂上的教学方式也会受到他们语言学习方式的影响。在学习外语时尤为如此。 The challenge confronting language teaching is how teaching methodology can ensure successful learning by all the learners who have more differences than the commonality. 语言教学面临的挑战是：教学法如何才能保证不同之处多于相同之处的学习者成功习得语言。 Ⅱ. Views on language（语言理论） 【考点：结构主义语言理论、功能主义语言理论、交互语言理论的定义及具体应用】 Three views about the nature of language: There are many possible theoretical positions about the nature of language. Here are three different views which are explicitly or implicitly reflected in current approaches to language learning. 关于语言本质的三种观点：在语言的本质上有很多潜在的语言观点，当前语言学习的方法直接或间接反映了三种不同观点。 1. The structural view of language（结构主义语言理论） The structural view of language is that language is a system of structurally related elements for the transmission of meaning. 结构主义语言理论认为语言是一个用于传递意义的系统，其中各因素在结构上相互联系。 （1）The elements of language system语言系统的因素 ①phonological units （phonemes） 语音单位（音素） ②grammatical units （phrases, clauses, sentences） 语法单位（词组、从句、句子） ③grammatical operations （adding, shifting, joining or transforming elements） 语法操作（增添、移位、合并或改变成分）