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自考现代语言学真题及答案详解

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自考现代语言学真题及答案详解

发布时间:

自考现代语言学真题及答案详解

今天教务老师给大家收集整理了自考英语教材答案详细,自考英语二教材答案的相关问题解答,还有免费的自考历年真题及自考复习重点资料下载哦,以下是全国我们为自考生们整理的一些回答,希望对你考试有帮助!各位谁有2010.10全国自考英语试卷及答案啊?谢谢!3.读书与做练习的关系。每章节后都配有思考题和练习,并附有答案,以便复习和巩固所学的内容。为了帮助自学人员学习,全国高等自学考试委员会还组织由笔者主持编写了《英语词汇学辅导》,2000年由外语教学与研究出版社出版。《辅导》以汉语形式把教材译写出来,每章补充了练习,并给思考题提供了参考答案。此外,社会上也出现了一些所谓的“配套”读本。这里要提醒大家的是,读书指的是学教材,语言基础差一点的同学可以把《辅导》结合起来看。对教材一定要反复读,读懂弄清楚。对每章所配的练习要认真独立地去做,只有在做完后再查看参考答案,因为做练习最能检测学习结果。思考题是供学习思考的,提供的参考答案只是答案的一种表达形式,绝对不能逐字逐词地去死背。尤其要注意的是千万不要本末倒置,把大量的精力放在能弄到手的各种参考书上,更不要去搞题海战术,走入歧途。4.词汇学与语言学的关系。词汇学是语言学的一个分支,属于语言学的范畴。英语词汇学所介绍和涉及的一些内容与语言学上的某些章节交叉和重叠。如自考科目《现代语言学》上的第三章“形态学”和第五章“语义学”中的“词的意义”部分都是词汇学讨论的内容,因此可以联系起来学习。应该说学了语言学有助于学习词汇学,反之亦然。四、应考问题自考是以自学的形式通过国家规定的相关考试,最后取得国家承认的学历或学位。所以通过考试是自学人员的现实目标。把教材读懂搞清楚了不一定就能考出最理想的成绩,还有一个应考的问题。只有熟悉考试的形式、内容和方式方法才能取得最佳效果。1.题型与能力层次。题型在《考纲》中有明确规定。《考纲》列了12种题型,但在全国英语词汇学题库设计时做了一定的改动。现在的全国英语词汇学的标准试卷由七大题组成,每题一种题型。它们分别是:I单项选择,II教材内容填空,III匹配题,IV判断填空,V术语解释,VI简答题,VII分析题。减去了《考纲》中的第二、七、十二题;把第三、八题统称为判断填空题。题型与能力层次非一一对等,同一题型可涉及不同能力层次,如单项选择、匹配题、判断填空三种题型。2.试卷设计与分值配置。按题库设计标准,根据各章节的内容和知识点,每份试卷对各章都有一定的分值要求。其分值配置为:第一、二章占15%;第三、四章占20%;第五、六章占25%;第七、八章各占10%;第九章占15%;第十章占5%.分值的配置基本上能显示各章节的分量。前面已说过,每章都重要。这一点从分值的分配可以看出。当然,这种分值配置只是理想化的设计,具体操作上很难做到如此准确。一套试卷由7大题50小题组成。匹配题和判断题各10小题,每题1分;简答题3小题,每题4分;综合运用题2小题,每小题9分;其它每小题均为2分。3.读书与做题。如前所述,要想学好词汇学,必须要有恒心和拼劲,下大气力学习教材,无捷径可走。但要提高考试成绩还是有方法的。譬如匹配题和判断题,如果不熟悉其形式和思路,尽管对考题所涉及的内容很熟悉,也不一定能做好题。现以2002年上半年全国自学英语词汇学试卷其中的两题为例:MatchthewordsinColumnAwiththoseinColumnBaccordingto①rhetoricalfeaturesofidioms;②senserelations;③assimilationdegree;④characteristicsofthebasicwordstock;⑤motivationABreiterationAhighandlowrepetitionBpickandchoosejuxtapositionCfacetofaceperfecthomonymDFailureisthemotherofsuccesspersonificationEhissStudythefollowingwordsandexpressionsandidentify①typesofcontext;②typesofwordformation;③typesofsenserelationsandmeaningchange④rhetoricalfeaturesofidioms1makingarestatementofanewwordorconceptinfamiliarwords2sitcom3theusualamenitiessuchasapub,apostofficeandaschool4fromcradletograve5mightandmain这两道题看似简单,做起来却不容易。两道题有一个共同的特点,即涉及到不同章节的内容。前一题包括第九章、第六章、第一章、第五章的内容和知识。要做好题,必须知道英语习语的各种修辞特色;六种语义关系;两种同化程度;基本词汇的五大特征和四种理据。然后将两栏提供的语词进行比较,逐一分析,对号入座。答案是reiteration,repetition,juxtaposition,perfecthomonym,personification。其实,真正与题目有关的只是习语的修辞特色和词义的理据,其它都是干扰项。比较而言,后一道题更难一些。该题要求考生根据所提供的例词和定义写出它们各自属于哪一类中的何种名称。如例1是第一类中的definition,例2是第二类中的blending,例3是第三类中的hyponymy,例4是第四类中的synecdoche,例5是第四类中的alliteration,等等。如果熟悉这些题型,并能模拟做一做,在阅读中能根据题型的要求去思考问题,做到有的放矢,效果肯定会更佳。这就是所谓的“巧干”。4.术语英汉对照表的利用。教材后附有术语英汉对照表,主要目的是为了帮助阅读和理解。知道英语专业名称的汉语意思既可以加深记忆,也可以帮助理解。还有一个更重要的用途,往往不被大家注意。术语英汉对照表基本上囊括了教材中主要知识点。尤其是名词或名词词组,每一个都是一个知识点。学完教材后,不妨把这些专业术语作为一种自测手段。如按照字母顺序逐一复习。对每一个术语都想一想其概念、定义,试着用英语表述,并能回忆一两个例子。如果忘了,再翻书复习。假如能按这种要求把所有的名词术语记住,基本上可以说把教材弄懂搞清楚了。总而言之,英语词汇学是一门理论知识课程,涉及的内容丰富,知识点较多,学起来有一定难度。但只要同学们有决心,有恒心,敢于下工夫,在苦干的同时,加一些巧干,定能收到事半功倍的效果。求06年4月自考英语二试卷及答案全国06年4月自学考试:英语试卷及答案2006年09月21日14:18自考/成考有疑问、不知道自考/成考考点内容、不清楚当地自考/成考政策,点击底部咨询官网老师,免费领取复习资料:

c直接给他们分吧,太厉害啦

查无此科目。白痴!

一、填空题(每空1分,共10分)1.语素可以定义为(最小的有意义)的语言成分。2.一个词的语法功能指的是这个词在句法结构里所能占据的( 语法位置)。3.任何句法结构都可以从两个方面观察:既可以作为一个复杂的结构看它的内部结构,也可以当作一个整体看它的(语法功能 )。4.从句子的功能来看,可以把它分成陈述句、疑问句、称呼句、感叹句和(祈使句 )。5.词是反映词的(语法功能 )的类,尽管同一词类在意义上也有一定的共同点。6.谓词性成分转化为体词性成分的主要手段是(“的”字结构 )。7.谓词性主语可以分成(指称性的 )和陈述性的两类。8.主语和谓语的关系可以从结构、语义和(表达 )三个不同的方面来观察。9.“站”、“世纪”这样的词直接放在数词后头的时候,叫做(准量词 )。10.形容词或动词前边加上“个”变成体词性结构以后充任的宾语叫(程度宾语 )。二、单项选择题(每小题 1 分,共 20 分)在下列每小题的四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案,并将其字母标号填入题干的括号内。11.在分析一种语言的语音结构时,最小的单位是(A ) A音位 B音节 C语素 D元音12.汉语的语素绝大部分都是(C )A两个音节的 B三音节的 C单音节的D多音节的13.在多音节单纯词里,一个汉字代表的是( C) A无意义的音位 B有意义的音节 C无意义的音节 D有意义的音位14.下列不是偏正结构的是(C ) A精品书 B九个孩子C打扫房间 D旧报纸15. “写文章”和“写清楚”分别是( A)A述宾结构、述补结构B偏正结构、联合结构C述补结构、偏正结构D述补结构、主谓结构16.有关合成词“好好儿的”,以下分析不正确的是(C )A它是附加式的合成词B它的词根部分是重叠式C“好好”是音节“好”的重迭式。D“的”附加在“好好儿”上,“儿”附加在“好好”上17.属于区别词的是( C) A酸性B高级 C初级 D低级18.下面说法正确的是(D )A实词是封闭类,虚词是开放类B实词表示事物、动作、行为等等,虚词起语法作用,但也有具体的意义C实词都是自由的,虚词绝大部分是粘着的D实词能充当主语、宾语或谓语,虚词不能19.不属于准宾语的是(B ) A醒了两次 B扫扫地 C去超市 D来了客人20.属于连谓结构的是(B ) A唱歌跳舞 B跟你开玩笑 C笑得肚子疼D喜欢读书21.“很危险”、“有危险”中的“危险”是(D ) A名词 B形容词 C名动词D名形词22.下面的说法正确的是(A )A代词可以是体词性的,也可以是谓词性的B代词本身的语法功能和它所替代的词的语法功能一致C代词可以分为人称代词和指示代词两种D“这么”所替代的词是体词性的23.下面的“想”属于助动词的是(B ) A很想妈妈 B她想去跳舞 C她想了很多 D她想自己也许来晚了24.“看不见”是(D ) A趋向补语 B粘合式述补结构 C结果补语 D 组合式述补结构25.与有定宾语不同的是,无定宾语可以出现在(C ) A述语之后 B复合趋向补语中间 C整个述补结构之后 D主语与谓语之间26.下面句子中属于复句的是(A )A小明下了地铁,上了112路公交车。B肖玲听说,公司换了个会计。C这些花儿的特点是,颜色淡雅,香味浓郁。D为了孩子弹好钢琴,父母没少费劲。27.下列不是准定语的是(A ) A我的书丢了 B张三的原告,李四的被告C他的篮球打得好 D我来帮你的忙28.下面说法不正确的是(C )A分句和分句之间有意义上的联系B分句有时用连词连接。C连词是作为结构成分来看待的。D有的分句是定位的。29.以下宾语不是虚指的是( D) A笑什么?别笑了。 B唱它一段 C她说她的 D看了回京戏30.“提起这个人啊,可是大大有名。”中“啊”的作用是(B ) A进行对比 B引起注意 C表示列举 D举个例子三、分析题(第32题6分,其余每小题4分,共42分)31.按要求将下列语素归类(如有交*,可以重复选择)。来 日 失 呢 金 民 好 我自由语素( ) 粘着语素( )定位语素( ) 不定位语素( )自由语素(好来我) 粘着语素(日失呢金民) 定位语素(金民日失) 不定位语素(呢)32.“手表”、“白菜”、“铁路”、“牛肉”“火车”是词还是词组,请具体分析。几个结构的组成成分都是自由的。“手表”、“火车”不能扩展,是词。“白菜”、“铁路”“牛肉”虽能够扩展,但扩展后的意义有变化,因此也是词。33.“爬过山没有?”和“爬过山就到了”中的“过”有什么区别?前一句中的“过”是动词后缀,后面不能再加后缀“了”;后一句中的“过”则是动词做补语,“爬过”是述补结构,后面还能加后缀“了”。两句话因此意思也不同。34.分析“满满儿的”、“他们的”、和“慢慢的”中的“的”有什么不同。“满满儿的”中的“的”是状态形容词后缀,“他们的”中的“的”是助词。“慢慢的”中的“的”是副词后缀。35.“有人”的否定形式是“没有人”,“没有来”的肯定形式不是“有来”,而是“来了”,为什么?两个格式的宾语不同,意思也不一样。“没有人”的“没有”加在体词性成分前边,表示不存在,文言文说“无”,“没有来”的“没有”加在谓词性成分前,表示动作没有完成或是事情没有发生,文言文说“未”。36.“他自己开车”和“他自己知道”在句法结构上一样吗?不一样。前一句主语是“他”,谓语是主谓结构“自己开车”,“他”和“自己”没有直接的结构关系。后一句是同位结构“他自己”做主语。37.将以下句子的主语按要求归类①你的话解不开他的心结。②那支枪不知什么时候丢了。③所有的道理都讲过了。④那位新同事领导还没见过他。⑤这种纸质的杯子用不了多久。⑥每个小朋友都发一个。受事主语( ) 与事主语( ) 工具主语( )受事主语(②③) 与事主语(④⑥) 工具主语(①⑤)38.举例分析语气词在句中停顿处的作用。①作为停顿的标记。②表示某种语气。(例略)39.请用层次分析法分析下列语法结构的层次和结构关系。①热切盼望他到来②培养阅读的兴趣和养成好学的习惯①热切盼望他到来主谓└ 偏正┘└主谓┘②养成读书的习惯和提高理解的能力联合└ 述宾 ┘└ 述宾 ┘└ 偏正┘ └ 偏正┘40.用划线加注法分析下面多重复句的层次关系。简洁并不是简单,它是以充实为前提的,因此,只有对要表达的事物非常熟悉,能抓住其要点,才能做到简洁。简洁并不是简单,‖它是以充实为并列前提的,|因此,只有对要表达的事物非常熟因果悉,|‖能抓住其要点,‖才能做到简洁。并列 条件四、简答题41.联合结构与并立式复合词有什么不同?联合结构的项数是没有限制的,是可扩展的,并立式复合词限于两项,不能扩展。联合结构的语法功能跟它的组成部分语法功能基本上一致,并立式复合词则不一定。从意义上说,联合结构每一项都是实指,而且各有独立的意义,并立式复合词的每一项意义是比况性的。42.举例分析形容词做状态补语的两种情况。形容词做状态补语的两种情况是A“飞得高”B“飞得很高”、“飞得高高的”。A的状态补语是单个的形容词,B的状态补语是“程度副词+形容词”或状态形容词。两类格式表示的意义不同,A是断言,B是描写;A是静态的,B是动态的;A不包含量的概念,B包含量的概念。从语法功能上来看,B可以受“早就、已经、连忙”等时间副词的修饰,A则不可。B可以跟“把、被、给”等介词连用,A不行。B可以做状语,A不行。(例略)43.述宾结构的述语往往表示动作或行为,宾语表示跟这种动作或行为有联系的事物。宾语与述语的联系具体表现为什么?请举例说明。①宾语表示动作或行为的对象(受事)。②宾语所指的事物是动作或行为产生的。③宾语表示处所。④宾语表示动作或行为的主动者(施事)。(例略)五、论述题。44.如何分辨词和词组?现代汉语中有哪些确定词的界限的方式?有什么缺陷?请举例说明。①根据能不能单独成句来确定汉语的词是有困难的。②单纯根据语言成分活动能力的强弱来确定词的界限也是不足的。③扩展法是根据语言成分结合的紧密程度来确定词和非词的界限的。④单纯从意义方面判定词的界限也是行不通的。判定词的界限要综合运用以上几种方法。(例略)

自考现代汉语真题及答案详解

绪论现代汉民族共同语:是全体汉族人民之间用来交际的语言,在北方方言的基础上形成。民族共同语包括口语(口耳进行交际的口头形式)和书面语(用文字记载下来的书面形式)白话:产生于晚唐五代的与口语直接联系的新的书面语言,是现代汉民族共同语书面语的源头。现代汉民族共同语的口语形式最晚在14世纪已经开始形成。汉语的方言:北方方言(官话)、吴方言(江浙话)、湘方言、赣方言、客家方言、闽方言、粤方言。七大方言最大的特征是共用一套汉字符号系统。新时期语言文字工作:1、大力推广普通话,促进汉语规范化。2、加强社会用字管理,促进汉字规范化。①整理异体字。②简化笔画。③统一字形。第一章 语音语音:是人类说话时发出的代表一定意义的声音,是语言的物质形式。语音的性质:①生理属性:语音是一种生理现象,是人类发音器官活动的产物。②物理属性:语音产生于物体的振动。③社会属性:是语音的本质属性。体现在音义结合的社会性和语音系统性上。人的发音器官:①肺和气管②喉头和声带③口腔和鼻腔语音的四个物理要素:①音高:决定于声波的频率。②音强:决定于声波的振幅。③音长:决定于发音体振动的时间。④音色:决定于声波振动的形式。是语言用以区别不同意义的基本要素。音色的差别的三种因素:①发音体不同。②发音方法不同。③共鸣器的形状不同。乐音:是波形有规律的听起来和谐悦耳的声音(元音)。噪音:是波形杂乱无章的,听起来不响亮的声音(辅音)。音节:是语音的基本结构单位,是人们在听觉上自然感受到的最小的语音片断。音素:是从音色角度划分出来的最小的语音单位。辅音:发音时气流不一定振动声带,在口腔或咽头受阻碍而形成的音素叫辅音(又称子音)。元音:发音时气流振动声带,在口腔或咽头不受阻碍而形成的音素叫元音(又称母音)。音位:是某种语言(或方言)里能够区别意义的最小语音单位,是根据语音的辩义作用归纳出来的。汉语拼音方案:是记录现代汉语语音系统的法定拼音方案。国际音标:是国际上最最的一套语音记音符合,一音一符。辅音的发音过程:①成阻②持阻③除阻辅音的发音方法:1、阻碍的方式:①塞音:b、p、d、t、g、k。②擦音:f、s、sh、r、x、h。③塞擦音:z、c、zh、ch、j、q。④边音:l。⑤鼻音:m、n、ng。2、声带是否振动:①清音:发音时声带不振动的辅音叫清辅音,b、p、d、t、g、k、z、c、zh、ch、j、q、f、s、sh、x、h。②浊音:m、n、ng、l、r。3、气流的强弱:①送气音:p、t、k、c、ch、q。②不送气音:b、d、g、z、zh、j。单元音:发音时舌位和唇形始终不变的元音。①舌面元音、②舌尖元音。③卷舌元音。复合元音:发音时舌位和唇形都有变化的元音。前响二合元音:ai、ei、ao、ou后响二合元音:ia、ie、ua、uo、ue中响三合元音:iao、iou、uai、uei、iao韵母:单元音韵母、复合元音韵母、鼻音韵母(舌尖中鼻音韵母、舌根鼻音韵母)声调由音高决定。声带放松音高就低,声带拉紧音高就高。调值:即声调的实际读法,是相对音高。调类:是通过归纳一种语言或方言的全部调值而得出的类别。普通话的声调:①阴平[55]:高平调。②阳平[35]:中升调。③上声[214]:降升调。④去声[51]:高降调。普通话的音节:声母+韵母(韵头+韵腹+韵尾)+声调普通话的声母同方言相比较主要有三个特点:①能区分舌尖前音z、c、s和舌尖后音zh、ch、sh、r;②能区分舌尖鼻中音n和边音l;③能区分唇齿音f和舌根音h。普通话的韵母同方言相比较主要有三个特点:①能区分前鼻音—n尾韵母和后鼻音—ng尾韵母;②能区分齐齿呼韵母和撮口呼韵母;③能区分后、半高、圆唇元音o和后、半高、不圆唇元音e。轻声:一个词或一句话里有的音节失去原有的声调,而成为一种又短又弱的声调,这种声调就是轻声。上声之后的轻声调值最高,去声之后的调值最低。轻声的规律:①“的、地得、了、着、过、吧、吗、啊”等助词。②“子、儿、头、巴、么、们”等虚语素。③“上、下、里、边、面”等表示方位的万分④“来、去、出来、进去、下来”等用在动词后表示趋向的词。⑤叠音名词及动词叠用后的第二个音节。⑥做宾至如归语的人称代词。儿化:普通话的卷舌韵母“er”附加在别的音节的后面,和前面的韵母融为一体,使前面的韵母变成卷舌韵母。变调:音节和音节连在一起念时,由于互相影响,本调会发生变化,这种变化就叫变调。上声的变调:①上声+上声—阳平+上声 友好(友=油)②上声+非上声—半上+非上声 体操③上声+轻声(非上声)——半上+轻声 母•亲一的变调:①在阴平、阳平、上声前读去声 一天、一团②在去声前读阳平:一定、一样、一日行里、一路平安③在重叠的单音动词中音读轻声:看一看,想一想不的变调:①在去声前读阳平:不论、不要、不怕、不记名②在正反并列提问式中和可能补语否定式中读轻声:管不管、忙不忙、吃不下、修不成停顿:指句子内部、句子之间的声音间歇。语法停顿:标点是语法关系的书面标志,按时间长短分六级:①顿号②逗号③分号④冒号和破折号⑤句号、问号、感叹号⑥省略号逻辑停顿:为了表达感情和强调声东击西 一语义的需要而采用的停顿叫逻辑停顿。节奏停顿:为了显示韵文的节奏而采用的停顿。重音:指的是玉器句当中某些词语的重整旗鼓,它不涉及词的意义,只和全句的意义有关,又叫语句重音。语法重音:谓语、谓语部分的中心词、形容词等在名词前作定语、形容词、副词作补语、疑问代词和指示代词重读。逻辑重音:根据语义或感情表达的需要而采取的重读。对比、特指或运用比喻、夸张等修辞手法时要重读。语调升降:①升调:表疑问、惊异、号召,名中暂停或意思没完。②降调:表肯定、感叹、请示,一般用于话已说完。③平调:表庄重、冷谈、踌躇等语气。④曲折调:多用表示讽刺、含蓄、意在意外等语气。朗读:就是把书面的文字经过朗读者的理解变为有声语言。第二章 汉字原始文字:又称文字画,用画图画和作图解的方法来提示事件或提示语句,有文字的记录和交际功能。汉字的形体演变:①甲骨文:通行于殷商。②金文:又叫钟鼎文,源于商,西周和春秋时期的代表字体,趋向定型化。③籀文与六国古文:战国时秦用籀文,称作大篆,代表字体是石鼓文。六国用古文。④小篆:秦始皇统一中国之后实行的,偏旁部位和写法固定了。⑤隶书:秦隶又叫古隶,汉隶又叫今隶。用点、横、竖、撇捺等笔画转写小篆所发生的变化叫隶变,使汉字的象形意味全部丧失了,使汉字由繁趋简,进一步变成纯粹符号性质的文字,是古文字与今文字的分水岭。⑥楷书:本称正书,真书,兴于汉末,魏晋后通行。⑦草书:魏晋时出现楷书的快写体称为今草,以前的草书为章草。⑧行书:“行”取生动活泼之意。汉字的字符构成分三类:①意符:跟文字所代表的词在意义上有联系的字符,是独体的表意字。②音符:在语音上有联系。③记号:语音和意义上都没联系。汉字的性质:意符音符记号文字,简称意音文字。表意文字汉字的特点:①汉字符号繁多,以语素定型,孤离性强。②汉字是音义二维的语素文字,与语义的联系具有特定性,与语音的联系不具有特定性。③汉字构形具有理性,可以进行结构分析。偏旁:是构成合体字的表意或表音的单位。部首:是具有字形归类作用的偏旁。意符:指的是和文字所代表的词不达意在意义上有联系的字符。音符:指的是和文字所代表的词在声音上有联系的字符。记号:是和文字所代表的词在意义上和声音上都没有联系的字符。现行汉字的四种基本类型:①记号字:独体记号字、合体记号字。②半记号字:半意半记号字、半音半记号字。③表意字:独体表意字、合体表意字。④意音字(58%)。汉字的简化:①减少笔画。②精减字数。汉字的标准化:①定量②定形③定音④定序汉字编码:①音码②形码③音形码④形音码第三章 词汇语素:是最小的语音语义结合体,是最小的语法单位。五级语法单位:语素、词、词组、句子、句群语素的分类:1、按音节分:①单音节语素:山、水;②双音节语素:葫芦、参差;③多音节语素:歇斯底里。2、按构词能力分:①自由语素:单音节语素能够独立成词,火、圆;②半自由语素:不能独立成词,但能和其他语素或比语素大的语法单位自由组合成词,基,基础。③不自由语素:不能独立成词,且和别的语素或比语素大的语法单位组成成词时位置是固定的,家,作家,艺术家。3、按意义分:①实语素:山、水;②虚语素:最、才;③单义语素:买,币;④多义语素:茶、快。词:是由语素构成的能够独立运用的最小的造句单位。单纯词:由一个语素组成的词。单音节的单纯词:雨、鸟、吃双音节的单纯词:联绵词:两个音节连缀成义不能拆开的词,芙蓉、玛瑙双声:声母相同,蜘蛛、忐忑、尴尬叠韵:韵母或主要元音及韵尾相同。蜻蜓、蹉跎、叠音:猩猩、依信、区区 译音词:沙发、夹克、蒙太奇 取声命名的词、拟声词合成词:由两个或两个以上语素构成的词。在构词中体现基本意义的语素叫词根,粘附在词根的前后表示附加意义的语素叫词缀。1、复合式:①联合式:离别、国家、取舍。②偏正式:火车、龟缩、鲜红。③动宾式:打架、失望、理发。④后补式:打倒、改善、花朵。⑤主谓式:年轻、国营、地震。2、附加式:以词根为主体,粘附词缀。①前附加:老师、老虎老婆。②后附加:嘴巴、泥巴、尾巴。3、重叠式:①AA式:娃娃、星星。②AABB式:形形色色词义的性质:①客观性和主观性。②发展性。③概括性。④社会性。词义与概念:一致性:它们都具有概括性,都反映客观事物或现象的本质特征。区别:①词义是词的内容,概念是思维的方式,二者分属于不同的范围。②词义和概念没有严格的对应关系。同一个概念可以用不同的词来表达,也可以用词组来表达。③词义比概念内容宽泛。词的理性意义:又称基础意义,指词义当中与概念相应的部分,它包括所表示的对象的特征和所表示的适用对象的范围两个方面。词的色彩意义:又称附加意义,指词不达意义中的感情色彩(褒义、贬义、中性)、语体色彩(书面、口头)、形象色彩(形态、动态、颜色、声音。语素义有两种存在形式:一是存在于单纯词中,这时语素义即词义;二是存在于合成词中,这时词素义和词不达意义之间存在着复杂关系。①语素义按照一定的语法关系直接表示词义——胆识。②用语素义的借代、比哈用法构成词义——羽化。③语素义表示了词义的某些内容。——糖衣。④语素义部分失落或模糊——打尖。义位:一个能够独立运用的意义所形成的语义单位叫义位。单义词:是只有一个义位的词。多义词:是具有多个义位的词。本义:就是某个词有文献记载的最早的意义。基本义:指词在现代最常用最主要的意义。引申义:是在词的本义或基本义的基础上引申发展出来的。比喻义:是词或词组的比喻用法逐渐固定下来所形成的意义。义素:是构成义位的最小的语义单位,是通过比较了解义位是得到的词义的区别特征。语义场:是通过不同词之间的对比,根据词义的共同特点或关系划分出来的语义范围。构成语义场的是含有共同的核心义素的一组义位。语义场的类型:分类义场、顺序义场、关系义场、同义义场、反义义场。绝对同义词:绝对同义义场内各义位的理性意义及色彩意义完全相同,在任何语境中都能替换。构成绝对同义义场的义位相同的一组词叫绝对同义词,也叫等义词。相对同义词:相对同义义场内各义位的理性意义及色彩意义不完全相同,在同样的语境中未必都能互相替换,但是构成义位的抽象的、主要的义素必须相同。构成相对同义义场的义位相近的一组词叫相对同义词,也叫近义词。同义词的辨析:1、从词的理性意义上进行辨析:①词义的侧重点不同。②词义的轻重不同。③词义的范围大小不

一、填空题(每空1分,共10分)1.语素可以定义为(最小的有意义)的语言成分。2.一个词的语法功能指的是这个词在句法结构里所能占据的( 语法位置)。3.任何句法结构都可以从两个方面观察:既可以作为一个复杂的结构看它的内部结构,也可以当作一个整体看它的(语法功能 )。4.从句子的功能来看,可以把它分成陈述句、疑问句、称呼句、感叹句和(祈使句 )。5.词是反映词的(语法功能 )的类,尽管同一词类在意义上也有一定的共同点。6.谓词性成分转化为体词性成分的主要手段是(“的”字结构 )。7.谓词性主语可以分成(指称性的 )和陈述性的两类。8.主语和谓语的关系可以从结构、语义和(表达 )三个不同的方面来观察。9.“站”、“世纪”这样的词直接放在数词后头的时候,叫做(准量词 )。10.形容词或动词前边加上“个”变成体词性结构以后充任的宾语叫(程度宾语 )。二、单项选择题(每小题 1 分,共 20 分)在下列每小题的四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案,并将其字母标号填入题干的括号内。11.在分析一种语言的语音结构时,最小的单位是(A ) A音位 B音节 C语素 D元音12.汉语的语素绝大部分都是(C )A两个音节的 B三音节的 C单音节的D多音节的13.在多音节单纯词里,一个汉字代表的是( C) A无意义的音位 B有意义的音节 C无意义的音节 D有意义的音位14.下列不是偏正结构的是(C ) A精品书 B九个孩子C打扫房间 D旧报纸15. “写文章”和“写清楚”分别是( A)A述宾结构、述补结构B偏正结构、联合结构C述补结构、偏正结构D述补结构、主谓结构16.有关合成词“好好儿的”,以下分析不正确的是(C )A它是附加式的合成词B它的词根部分是重叠式C“好好”是音节“好”的重迭式。D“的”附加在“好好儿”上,“儿”附加在“好好”上17.属于区别词的是( C) A酸性B高级 C初级 D低级18.下面说法正确的是(D )A实词是封闭类,虚词是开放类B实词表示事物、动作、行为等等,虚词起语法作用,但也有具体的意义C实词都是自由的,虚词绝大部分是粘着的D实词能充当主语、宾语或谓语,虚词不能19.不属于准宾语的是(B ) A醒了两次 B扫扫地 C去超市 D来了客人20.属于连谓结构的是(B ) A唱歌跳舞 B跟你开玩笑 C笑得肚子疼D喜欢读书21.“很危险”、“有危险”中的“危险”是(D ) A名词 B形容词 C名动词D名形词22.下面的说法正确的是(A )A代词可以是体词性的,也可以是谓词性的B代词本身的语法功能和它所替代的词的语法功能一致C代词可以分为人称代词和指示代词两种D“这么”所替代的词是体词性的23.下面的“想”属于助动词的是(B ) A很想妈妈 B她想去跳舞 C她想了很多 D她想自己也许来晚了24.“看不见”是(D ) A趋向补语 B粘合式述补结构 C结果补语 D 组合式述补结构25.与有定宾语不同的是,无定宾语可以出现在(C ) A述语之后 B复合趋向补语中间 C整个述补结构之后 D主语与谓语之间26.下面句子中属于复句的是(A )A小明下了地铁,上了112路公交车。B肖玲听说,公司换了个会计。C这些花儿的特点是,颜色淡雅,香味浓郁。D为了孩子弹好钢琴,父母没少费劲。27.下列不是准定语的是(A ) A我的书丢了 B张三的原告,李四的被告C他的篮球打得好 D我来帮你的忙28.下面说法不正确的是(C )A分句和分句之间有意义上的联系B分句有时用连词连接。C连词是作为结构成分来看待的。D有的分句是定位的。29.以下宾语不是虚指的是( D) A笑什么?别笑了。 B唱它一段 C她说她的 D看了回京戏30.“提起这个人啊,可是大大有名。”中“啊”的作用是(B ) A进行对比 B引起注意 C表示列举 D举个例子三、分析题(第32题6分,其余每小题4分,共42分)31.按要求将下列语素归类(如有交*,可以重复选择)。来 日 失 呢 金 民 好 我自由语素( ) 粘着语素( )定位语素( ) 不定位语素( )自由语素(好来我) 粘着语素(日失呢金民) 定位语素(金民日失) 不定位语素(呢)32.“手表”、“白菜”、“铁路”、“牛肉”“火车”是词还是词组,请具体分析。几个结构的组成成分都是自由的。“手表”、“火车”不能扩展,是词。“白菜”、“铁路”“牛肉”虽能够扩展,但扩展后的意义有变化,因此也是词。33.“爬过山没有?”和“爬过山就到了”中的“过”有什么区别?前一句中的“过”是动词后缀,后面不能再加后缀“了”;后一句中的“过”则是动词做补语,“爬过”是述补结构,后面还能加后缀“了”。两句话因此意思也不同。34.分析“满满儿的”、“他们的”、和“慢慢的”中的“的”有什么不同。“满满儿的”中的“的”是状态形容词后缀,“他们的”中的“的”是助词。“慢慢的”中的“的”是副词后缀。35.“有人”的否定形式是“没有人”,“没有来”的肯定形式不是“有来”,而是“来了”,为什么?两个格式的宾语不同,意思也不一样。“没有人”的“没有”加在体词性成分前边,表示不存在,文言文说“无”,“没有来”的“没有”加在谓词性成分前,表示动作没有完成或是事情没有发生,文言文说“未”。36.“他自己开车”和“他自己知道”在句法结构上一样吗?不一样。前一句主语是“他”,谓语是主谓结构“自己开车”,“他”和“自己”没有直接的结构关系。后一句是同位结构“他自己”做主语。37.将以下句子的主语按要求归类①你的话解不开他的心结。②那支枪不知什么时候丢了。③所有的道理都讲过了。④那位新同事领导还没见过他。⑤这种纸质的杯子用不了多久。⑥每个小朋友都发一个。受事主语( ) 与事主语( ) 工具主语( )受事主语(②③) 与事主语(④⑥) 工具主语(①⑤)38.举例分析语气词在句中停顿处的作用。①作为停顿的标记。②表示某种语气。(例略)39.请用层次分析法分析下列语法结构的层次和结构关系。①热切盼望他到来②培养阅读的兴趣和养成好学的习惯①热切盼望他到来主谓└ 偏正┘└主谓┘②养成读书的习惯和提高理解的能力联合└ 述宾 ┘└ 述宾 ┘└ 偏正┘ └ 偏正┘40.用划线加注法分析下面多重复句的层次关系。简洁并不是简单,它是以充实为前提的,因此,只有对要表达的事物非常熟悉,能抓住其要点,才能做到简洁。简洁并不是简单,‖它是以充实为并列前提的,|因此,只有对要表达的事物非常熟因果悉,|‖能抓住其要点,‖才能做到简洁。并列 条件四、简答题41.联合结构与并立式复合词有什么不同?联合结构的项数是没有限制的,是可扩展的,并立式复合词限于两项,不能扩展。联合结构的语法功能跟它的组成部分语法功能基本上一致,并立式复合词则不一定。从意义上说,联合结构每一项都是实指,而且各有独立的意义,并立式复合词的每一项意义是比况性的。42.举例分析形容词做状态补语的两种情况。形容词做状态补语的两种情况是A“飞得高”B“飞得很高”、“飞得高高的”。A的状态补语是单个的形容词,B的状态补语是“程度副词+形容词”或状态形容词。两类格式表示的意义不同,A是断言,B是描写;A是静态的,B是动态的;A不包含量的概念,B包含量的概念。从语法功能上来看,B可以受“早就、已经、连忙”等时间副词的修饰,A则不可。B可以跟“把、被、给”等介词连用,A不行。B可以做状语,A不行。(例略)43.述宾结构的述语往往表示动作或行为,宾语表示跟这种动作或行为有联系的事物。宾语与述语的联系具体表现为什么?请举例说明。①宾语表示动作或行为的对象(受事)。②宾语所指的事物是动作或行为产生的。③宾语表示处所。④宾语表示动作或行为的主动者(施事)。(例略)五、论述题。44.如何分辨词和词组?现代汉语中有哪些确定词的界限的方式?有什么缺陷?请举例说明。①根据能不能单独成句来确定汉语的词是有困难的。②单纯根据语言成分活动能力的强弱来确定词的界限也是不足的。③扩展法是根据语言成分结合的紧密程度来确定词和非词的界限的。④单纯从意义方面判定词的界限也是行不通的。判定词的界限要综合运用以上几种方法。(例略)

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今天教务老师给大家收集整理了现代汉语自考教材答案的相关问题解答,还有免费的自考历年真题及自考复习重点资料下载哦,以下是全国我们为自考生们整理的一些回答,希望对你考试有帮助!寻找2013年版,齐沪扬主编的《现代汉语》课后思考题答案《对外汉语教育学引论》刘珣,北京语言大学出版社;《现代汉语》黄伯荣、廖序东,高等教育出版社;《语言学纲要》叶蜚声、徐通锵,北京大学出版社;《对外汉语教学语法》齐沪扬,复旦大学出版社;《古代汉语》,郭锡良,商务印书馆;《中国文化要略》程裕祯,外语教学与研究出版社;《当代中国》,张海林,南京大学出版社;《中国文学史》,袁行霈,高等教育出版社;《外国文化史》孟昭毅、曾艳兵,北京大学出版社。现代汉语语法研究的自考试题及答案一、填空题1.语素可以定义为的语言成分。2.一个词的语法功能指的是这个词在句法结构里所能占据的。3.任何句法结构都可以从两个方面观察:既可以作为一个复杂的结构看它的内部结构,也可以当作一个整体看它的。4.从句子的功能来看,可以把它分成陈述句、疑问句、称呼句、感叹句和。5.词是反映词的的类,尽管同一词类在意义上也有一定的共同点。6.谓词性成分转化为体词性成分的主要手段是。7.谓词性主语可以分成和陈述性的两类。8.主语和谓语的关系可以从结构、语义和三个不同的方面来观察。9.“站”、“世纪”这样的词直接放在数词后头的时候,叫做。10.形容词或动词前边加上“个”变成体词性结构以后充任的宾语叫。二、单项选择题在下列每小题的四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案,并将其字母标号填入题干的括号内。11.在分析一种语言的语音结构时,最小的单位是A音位B音节C语素D元音12.汉语的语素绝大部分都是A两个音节的B三音节的C单音节的D多音节的13.在多音节单纯词里,一个汉字代表的是A无意义的音位B有意义的音节C无意义的音节D有意义的音位14.下列不是偏正结构的是A精品书B九个孩子C打扫房间D旧报纸15.“写文章”和“写清楚”分别是A述宾结构、述补结构B偏正结构、联合结构C述补结构、偏正结构D述补结构、主谓结构16.有关合成词“好好儿的”,以下分析不正确的是A它是附加式的合成词B它的词根部分是重叠式C“好好”是音节“好”的重迭式。D“的”附加在“好好儿”上,“儿”附加在“好好”上17.属于区别词的是A酸性B高级C初级D低级18.下面说法正确的是A实词是封闭类,虚词是开放类B实词表示事物、动作、行为等等,虚词起语法作用,但也有具体的意义C实词都是自由的,虚词绝大部分是粘着的D实词能充当主语、宾语或谓语,虚词不能19.不属于准宾语的是A醒了两次B扫扫地C去超市D来了客人20.属于连谓结构的是A唱歌跳舞B跟你开玩笑C笑得肚子疼D喜欢读书21.“很危险”、“有危险”中的“危险”是A名词B形容词C名动词D名形词22.下面的说法正确的是A代词可以是体词性的,也可以是谓词性的B代词本身的语法功能和它所替代的词的语法功能一致C代词可以分为人称代词和指示代词两种D“这么”所替代的词是体词性的23.下面的“想”属于助动词的是A很想妈妈B她想去跳舞C她想了很多D她想自己也许来晚了24.“看不见”是A趋向补语B粘合式述补结构C结果补语D组合式述补结构25.与有定宾语不同的是,无定宾语可以出现在A述语之后B复合趋向补语中间C整个述补结构之后D主语与谓语之间26.下面句子中属于复句的是A小明下了地铁,上了112路公交车。B肖玲听说,公司换了个会计。C这些花儿的特点是,颜色淡雅,香味浓郁。D为了孩子弹好钢琴,父母没少费劲。27.下列不是准定语的是A我的书丢了B张三的原告,李四的被告C他的篮球打得好D我来帮你的忙28.下面说法不正确的是A分句和分句之间有意义上的联系B分句有时用连词连接。C连词是作为结构成分来看待的。D有的分句是定位的。29.以下宾语不是虚指的是A笑什么?别笑了。B唱它一段C她说她的D看了回京戏30.“提起这个人啊,可是大大有名。”中“啊”的作用是A进行对比B引起注意C表示列举D举个例子三、分析题31.按要求将下列语素归类。来日失呢金民好我自由语素粘着语素定位语素不定位语素自由语素粘着语素定位语素不定位语素32.“手表”、“白菜”、“铁路”、“牛肉”“火车”是词还是词组,请具体分析。几个结构的组成成分都是自由的。“手表”、“火车”不能扩展,是词。“白菜”、“铁路”“牛肉”虽能够扩展,但扩展后的意义有变化,因此也是词。33.“爬过山没有?”和“爬过山就到了”中的“过”有什么区别?前一句中的“过”是动词后缀,后面不能再加后缀“了”;后一句中的“过”则是动词做补语,“爬过”是述补结构,后面还能加后缀“了”。两句话因此意思也不同。34.分析“满满儿的”、“他们的”、和“慢慢的”中的“的”有什么不同。“满满儿的”中的“的”是状态形容词后缀,“他们的”中的“的”是助词。“慢慢的”中的“的”是副词后缀。35.“有人”的否定形式是“没有人”,“没有来”的肯定形式不是“有来”,而是“来了”,为什么?两个格式的宾语不同,意思也不一样。“没有人”的“没有”加在体词性成分前边,表示不存在,文言文说“无”,“没有来”的“没有”加在谓词性成分前,表示动作没有完成或是事情没有发生,文言文说“未”。36.“他自己开车”和“他自己知道”在句法结构上一样吗?不一样。前一句主语是“他”,谓语是主谓结构“自己开车”,“他”和“自己”没有直接的结构关系。后一句是同位结构“他自己”做主语。37.将以下句子的主语按要求归类①你的话解不开他的心结。②那支枪不知什么时候丢了。③所有的道理都讲过了。④那位新同事领导还没见过他。⑤这种纸质的杯子用不了多久。⑥每个小朋友都发一个。受事主语与事主语工具主语受事主语与事主语工具主语38.举例分析语气词在句中停顿处的作用。①作为停顿的标记。②表示某种语气。39.请用层次分析法分析下列语法结构的层次和结构关系。①热切盼望他到来②培养阅读的兴趣和养成好学的习惯①热切盼望他到来└偏正┘└主谓┘②养成读书的习惯和提高理解的能力└述宾┘└述宾┘└偏正┘└偏正┘40.用划线加注法分析下面多重复句的层次关系。简洁并不是简单,它是以充实为前提的,因此,只有对要表达的事物非常熟悉,能抓住其要点,才能做到简洁。简洁并不是简单,‖它是以充实为前提的,|因此,只有对要表达的事物非常熟悉,|‖能抓住其要点,‖才能做到简洁。四、简答题41.联合结构与并立式复合词有什么不同?联合结构的项数是没有限制的,是可扩展的,并立式复合词限于两项,不能扩展。联合结构的语法功能跟它的组成部分语法功能基本上一致,并立式复合词则不一定。从意义上说,联合结构每一项都是实指,而且各有独立的意义,并立式复合词的每一项意义是比况性的。42.举例分析形容词做状态补语的两种情况。形容词做状态补语的两种情况是A“飞得高”B“飞得很高”、“飞得高高的”。A的状态补语是单个的形容词,B的状态补语是“程度副词+形容词”或状态形容词。两类格式表示的意义不同,A是断言,B是描写;A是静态的,B是动态的;A不包含量的概念,B包含量的概念。从语法功能上来看,B可以受“早就、已经、连忙”等时间副词的修饰,A则不可。B可以跟“把、被、给”等介词连用,A不行。B可以做状语,A不行。43.述宾结构的述语往往表示动作或行为,宾语表示跟这种动作或行为有联系的事物。宾语与述语的联系具体表现为什么?请举例说明。①宾语表示动作或行为的对象。②宾语所指的事物是动作或行为产生的。③宾语表示处所。④宾语表示动作或行为的主动者。五、论述题。44.如何分辨词和词组?现代汉语中有哪些确定词的界限的方式?有什么缺陷?请举例说明。①根据能不能单独成句来确定汉语的词是有困难的。②单纯根据语言成分活动能力的强弱来确定词的界限也是不足的。③扩展法是根据语言成分结合的紧密程度来确定词和非词的界限的。④单纯从意义方面判定词的界限也是行不通的。判定词的界限要综合运用以上几种方法。(例略)自考/成考有疑问、不知道自考/成考考点内容、不清楚当地自考/成考政策,点击底部咨询官网老师,免费领取复习资料:

英语自考现代语言学真题答案详解

第一部分 选择题 一、单项选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分)在每小题列出的四个选项中只有一个选项是符合题目要求的,请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。 1.The famous quotation from Shakespeare‘s play “Romeo and Juliet” ’A rose by any other name would smell as sweet‘ well illustrates _______.( ) A.the conventional nature of language B.the creative nature of language C.the universality of language D.the big difference between human language and animal communication 2.Of the following sound combinations, only _______ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English.( ) A.kibl B.bkil C.ilkb D.ilbk 3.The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _______ formula “S→NP VP”。( ) A.hierarchical B.linear C.tree diagram D.vertical 4.It is the _______ on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay adjacent to each other.( ) A.Case Condition B.parameter C.Adjacent Condition D.Adjacent Parameter 5.Predication analysis is a way to analyze _______ meaning. A.phoneme B.word C.phrase D.sentence 6.According to Searle,those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _______.( ) A.commisives B.directives C.expressives D.declaratives 7.The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages. A.synchronic B.diachronic C.comparative D.historical comparative 8.The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+last name, _______,and kin term. A.title+first name B.title+title C.title alone D.first name+last name+title 9.Language and thought may be viewed as two independent circles overlapping in some parts. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as “subvocal speech,” and speech as “_______”。( ) A.vocal thought B.subvocal thought C.covert thought D.overt thought 10.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition _______.( ) A.Language acquisition is a process of habit formation B.Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beings C.Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language D.Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use 第二部分 非选择题 二、填空题(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分。) 11.In the course of time, the study of language has come to establish close links with other branches of s________ studies, such as sociology and psychology. 12.Clear [1] and dark[ ]are allophones of the same one phoneme /1/.They never take the same position in sound combinations, thus they are said to be in c________ distribution. 13.A r________ is often seen as part of a word, but it can never stand by itself although it bears clear, definite meaning. 14.A c________ sentence contains two or more clauses, one of which is incorporated in the other. 15.That the denial of one member of two words implies the assertion of the other is the characteristic of c________ antonyms. 16.While the meaning of a sentence is abstract and decontextualized, that of an u________ is concrete and context-dependent. 17.Phonological rules may move phonemes from one place in the string to another. For example, Modern English verb ask was Old English askian, with the /k/preceding the/s/.Sound change as a result of sound movement is known as m________. 18.In many societies of the world, we find a large number of people who speak more than one language. As a characteristic of societies, b________ inevitably results from the coming into contact of people with different cultures and different languages. 19.The brain‘s neurological specialization for language is called linguistic I ________, which is specific to human beings. 20.In order to acquire a second language, learners will subconsciously use their first language knowledge in learning a second language. This is know as language t________. 三、判断说明题(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分。)判断下列各题正误,正者在括号内写“T”,误者在括号内写“F”,并说明理由。 ( )21.In the history of any language the writing system always came into being before the spoken form. ( )22.In English, long vowels are also tense vowels because when we pronounce a long vowel such as/i:/,the larynx is in a state of tension. ( )23.A compound is the combination of only two words. ( )24.“The student” in the sentence “The student liked the linguistic lecture.”,and “The linguistic lecture” in the sentence “The linguistic lecture liked the student.”belong to the same syntactic category. ( )25.Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations while linguistic forms with the same reference always have the same sense. ( )26.An important difference between presupposition and entailment is that presupposition, unlike entailment, is not vulnerable to negation. That is to say, if a sentence is negated, the original presupposition is still true. ( )27.The division of English into Old English, Middle English, and Modern English is nonconventional and not arbitrary. ( )28.Language reflects sexism in society. Language itself is not sexist, just as it is not obscene; but it can connote sexist attitudes as well as attitudes about social taboos or racism. ( )29.If a child is deprived of linguistic environment, he or she is unlikely to learn a language successfully later on. ( )30.When children learn to distinguish between the sounds of their language and the sounds that are not part of the language, they can acquire any sounds in their native language once their parents teach them. 四、名词解释题(本大题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分。) 31.cultural transmission (as a defining feature of human language) 32.phonic medium of language 33.voicing 34.inflectional morphemes 35.reference 36.locutionary act 37.protolanguage 38.ethnic dialect 39.registers 40.acculturation 五、论述题(本大题共2小题,每小题10分,共20分。) 41.Why do we say tree diagrams are more advantageous and informative than linear structure in analyzing the constituent relationship among linguistic elements Support your statement with examples. 42.Describe the process of language perception, comprehension and production. 全国2001年10月高等教育自学考试 现代语言学试题参考答案 课程代码:00830 一、单项选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分) 1.A 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.D 10.A 二、填空题(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分) 11.social 12.complementary 13.root 14.complex 15.complementary 16.utterance 17.metathesis 18.bilingualism 19.lateralization 20.transfer 三、判断改错题(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分) 21.F The contrary is true. The writing system is always a later invention. 22.T 23.F Some compounds contain more than two words. 24.T 25.F It is false because linguistic forms with the same reference might differ in sense. A case in point is the two expressions “morning star” and “ evening star.” They refer to the same star but differ in sense. 26.T 27.F The division of English into Old English, Middle English, and Modern English is conventional and somewhat arbitrary. 28.T 29.T 30.F Children first acquire the sounds found in all languages of the world, no matter what language they are exposed to ,and in later stages acquire the “ more difficult” sounds. 四、名词解释题(本大题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分) 31.One of the major defining features of human language.Humans are born with the ability to acquire a language, but different from animals, the actual use of human language is not genetically transmitted, rather it is culturally transmitted, i.e.it has to be taught and learnt. 32.The limited range of sounds that are used in human language communication, i.e.the speech sounds. 33.Voicing is a phonetic feature of some sounds.It is caused by the vibration of the vocal cords. 34.Inflectional morphemes are morphemes that are used to indicate the grammatrcal relations and categories,such as-ed,-(e)s,-est in English. 35.Reference is what a linguistic form refers to in the real world; it is a matter of the relationship between the form and the reality.For example ,if we say, “The dog is barking,” we must be talking about a certain dog known to both the speaker and the hearer in the situation.The actual dog the word “dog” refers to in this particular situation is the reference of the word “dog”。 36.Locutionary act refers to the act of uttering words, phrases, and clauses.It is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon and phonology. For example, by saying “You have left the door wide open”,the locutionary act performed by the speaker is that he has uttered all the words and expressed what the words literally mean. 37.A protolanguage is the original form of a language family that has ceased to exist.The proto form can be reconstructed by identifying and comparing similar linguistic forms with similar meanings across related languages. 38.An ethnic dialect is a social dialect of a language,often cutting across regional differences. It is spoken mainly by a less privileged population that has experienced some form of social isolation, such as racial discrimination or segregation. 39.Registers are language varieties appropriate for use in particular speech situations,in contrast to language varieties that are associated with the social or regional grouping of their customary users. For this reason, registers are also known as situational dialects. 40.Acculturation refers to a process of adapting to the culture and value system of the second language community. 五、论述题(本大题共2小题,每小题10分,共20分) 41.In addition to revealing a linear order, a constituent structure tree has a hierarchical structure that groups words into structural constituents and shows the syntactic category of each structural constituent, and consequently is believed to most truthfully illustrate the constituent relationship among linguistic elements. For example, the phrase “ the old men and women” may have two interpretations, i.e.the adjective “old”may modify the noun “men”, or the following two nouns “men and women”。Linear order analysis cannot tell this difference, so it is ambiguous.Whereas,the constituent or tree diagrams analysis can make this difference clear.So,we say tree diagrams are more advantageous and informative than linear structure analysis. NP NP NP NP NP NP The old men and the women the old men and the old women 42.From the perspective of psycholinguistic analysis,language use in terms of perception,comprehension and production follows a certain pattern which involves the coordination of various language centers. When we speak,words are drawn from Wernicke‘s area and transferred to Broca’s area, which determines the details of their form and pronunciation.The appropriate instructions are then sent to the motor area which controls the vocal tract to physically articulate the words. When we hear something and try to comprehend it,t he stimulus from the auditory cortex is transmitted to Wernicke‘s area,where it is then interpreted. When we perceive a visual image,a message is sent to the angular gyrus,where it is converted into a visual pattern.

今天教务老师给大家收集整理了自考英语教材答案详细,自考英语二教材答案的相关问题解答,还有免费的自考历年真题及自考复习重点资料下载哦,以下是全国我们为自考生们整理的一些回答,希望对你考试有帮助!各位谁有2010.10全国自考英语试卷及答案啊?谢谢!3.读书与做练习的关系。每章节后都配有思考题和练习,并附有答案,以便复习和巩固所学的内容。为了帮助自学人员学习,全国高等自学考试委员会还组织由笔者主持编写了《英语词汇学辅导》,2000年由外语教学与研究出版社出版。《辅导》以汉语形式把教材译写出来,每章补充了练习,并给思考题提供了参考答案。此外,社会上也出现了一些所谓的“配套”读本。这里要提醒大家的是,读书指的是学教材,语言基础差一点的同学可以把《辅导》结合起来看。对教材一定要反复读,读懂弄清楚。对每章所配的练习要认真独立地去做,只有在做完后再查看参考答案,因为做练习最能检测学习结果。思考题是供学习思考的,提供的参考答案只是答案的一种表达形式,绝对不能逐字逐词地去死背。尤其要注意的是千万不要本末倒置,把大量的精力放在能弄到手的各种参考书上,更不要去搞题海战术,走入歧途。4.词汇学与语言学的关系。词汇学是语言学的一个分支,属于语言学的范畴。英语词汇学所介绍和涉及的一些内容与语言学上的某些章节交叉和重叠。如自考科目《现代语言学》上的第三章“形态学”和第五章“语义学”中的“词的意义”部分都是词汇学讨论的内容,因此可以联系起来学习。应该说学了语言学有助于学习词汇学,反之亦然。四、应考问题自考是以自学的形式通过国家规定的相关考试,最后取得国家承认的学历或学位。所以通过考试是自学人员的现实目标。把教材读懂搞清楚了不一定就能考出最理想的成绩,还有一个应考的问题。只有熟悉考试的形式、内容和方式方法才能取得最佳效果。1.题型与能力层次。题型在《考纲》中有明确规定。《考纲》列了12种题型,但在全国英语词汇学题库设计时做了一定的改动。现在的全国英语词汇学的标准试卷由七大题组成,每题一种题型。它们分别是:I单项选择,II教材内容填空,III匹配题,IV判断填空,V术语解释,VI简答题,VII分析题。减去了《考纲》中的第二、七、十二题;把第三、八题统称为判断填空题。题型与能力层次非一一对等,同一题型可涉及不同能力层次,如单项选择、匹配题、判断填空三种题型。2.试卷设计与分值配置。按题库设计标准,根据各章节的内容和知识点,每份试卷对各章都有一定的分值要求。其分值配置为:第一、二章占15%;第三、四章占20%;第五、六章占25%;第七、八章各占10%;第九章占15%;第十章占5%.分值的配置基本上能显示各章节的分量。前面已说过,每章都重要。这一点从分值的分配可以看出。当然,这种分值配置只是理想化的设计,具体操作上很难做到如此准确。一套试卷由7大题50小题组成。匹配题和判断题各10小题,每题1分;简答题3小题,每题4分;综合运用题2小题,每小题9分;其它每小题均为2分。3.读书与做题。如前所述,要想学好词汇学,必须要有恒心和拼劲,下大气力学习教材,无捷径可走。但要提高考试成绩还是有方法的。譬如匹配题和判断题,如果不熟悉其形式和思路,尽管对考题所涉及的内容很熟悉,也不一定能做好题。现以2002年上半年全国自学英语词汇学试卷其中的两题为例:MatchthewordsinColumnAwiththoseinColumnBaccordingto①rhetoricalfeaturesofidioms;②senserelations;③assimilationdegree;④characteristicsofthebasicwordstock;⑤motivationABreiterationAhighandlowrepetitionBpickandchoosejuxtapositionCfacetofaceperfecthomonymDFailureisthemotherofsuccesspersonificationEhissStudythefollowingwordsandexpressionsandidentify①typesofcontext;②typesofwordformation;③typesofsenserelationsandmeaningchange④rhetoricalfeaturesofidioms1makingarestatementofanewwordorconceptinfamiliarwords2sitcom3theusualamenitiessuchasapub,apostofficeandaschool4fromcradletograve5mightandmain这两道题看似简单,做起来却不容易。两道题有一个共同的特点,即涉及到不同章节的内容。前一题包括第九章、第六章、第一章、第五章的内容和知识。要做好题,必须知道英语习语的各种修辞特色;六种语义关系;两种同化程度;基本词汇的五大特征和四种理据。然后将两栏提供的语词进行比较,逐一分析,对号入座。答案是reiteration,repetition,juxtaposition,perfecthomonym,personification。其实,真正与题目有关的只是习语的修辞特色和词义的理据,其它都是干扰项。比较而言,后一道题更难一些。该题要求考生根据所提供的例词和定义写出它们各自属于哪一类中的何种名称。如例1是第一类中的definition,例2是第二类中的blending,例3是第三类中的hyponymy,例4是第四类中的synecdoche,例5是第四类中的alliteration,等等。如果熟悉这些题型,并能模拟做一做,在阅读中能根据题型的要求去思考问题,做到有的放矢,效果肯定会更佳。这就是所谓的“巧干”。4.术语英汉对照表的利用。教材后附有术语英汉对照表,主要目的是为了帮助阅读和理解。知道英语专业名称的汉语意思既可以加深记忆,也可以帮助理解。还有一个更重要的用途,往往不被大家注意。术语英汉对照表基本上囊括了教材中主要知识点。尤其是名词或名词词组,每一个都是一个知识点。学完教材后,不妨把这些专业术语作为一种自测手段。如按照字母顺序逐一复习。对每一个术语都想一想其概念、定义,试着用英语表述,并能回忆一两个例子。如果忘了,再翻书复习。假如能按这种要求把所有的名词术语记住,基本上可以说把教材弄懂搞清楚了。总而言之,英语词汇学是一门理论知识课程,涉及的内容丰富,知识点较多,学起来有一定难度。但只要同学们有决心,有恒心,敢于下工夫,在苦干的同时,加一些巧干,定能收到事半功倍的效果。求06年4月自考英语二试卷及答案全国06年4月自学考试:英语试卷及答案2006年09月21日14:18自考/成考有疑问、不知道自考/成考考点内容、不清楚当地自考/成考政策,点击底部咨询官网老师,免费领取复习资料:

现代英语语法自考真题及答案详解

你也是自考英语的,以后可以聊聊1205042765QQ

大家有看过自考教材 00831 0831 现代英语语法吗?下面是我给大家整理的自考教材 00831 0831 现代英语语法,供大家参阅!

【书名】:现代英语语法

【组编】:全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会

【主编】:李基安 王望妮

【版次】:2015年5月第1版

【出版】:外语教学与研究出版社

【代码】:00831

【定价】:46.00元

Chapter1 The structure of the English sentence

Chapter2 Sentence Types

Chapter3 Noun and Noun Phrase(1):Noun and Number

Chapter4 Noun and Noun Phrase(2):Determiner and Genitive

Chapter5 Verb and Verb Phrase(1):Tense,Aspect and Future

Chapter6 Verb and Verb Phrase(2):Passive Voice and Subjunctive Mood

Chapter7 Verb and Verb Phrase(3):Modal Auxiliaries

Chapter8 Verb and Verb Phrase(4):Non-finite Verbs

Chapter9 Adjective Phrase and Comparison

Chapter10 Preposition and Preposition Phrase

Chapter11 Coordination and Subordination

Chapter12 Relative Clause

Chapter13 Adverbials

Chapter14 Concord

Chapter15 Information Structure and Emphasis

Chapter16 Cohesion

Appendix I NOUN+Preposition

Appendix II Preposition+Noun

Appendix III Verb+Preposition

Appendix IV Adjective+Preposition

Bibliography

一、命题的指导思想

本门课程的命题应以全日制高校相同层次相同课程的同等水平为标准,从课程的特点出发,考核应试者能否熟练掌握现代英语语法的基本理论概念,掌握词的形态变化和用词造句的规则,以及简单的组句成篇的一般形式规律。

二、命题的工作步骤

1、第一阶段,命题教师学习、研究和分析本课程考试大纲的内容,以及大纲中规定的试题题型,统一命题要求,进行命题分工。

2、第二阶段,命题教师分头按接受的命题任务进行命题。

3、第三阶段,组成4套左右试卷。每次统考所用的试卷由自考办在其中随机抽取1套使用。

三、命题要求

1、命题教师应根据本门课程的考试大纲和教材,按照命题任务所分配的题型和题量进行命题。需要重点考查的内容,可以采用不同题型或从不同侧面提出问题,但不得出偏题、怪题。试题可以只考一个考核点,也可综合考核不同语言技能的多个考核点。

2、试题编制的质量要求

所编试题要做到:A:题意清楚,文字准确,内容完整,措词严密;B:所给的条件科学、恰当;C:标点符号正确,无拼写错误;D:答案简明、准确、评分标准合理;E:每题编制一张试题卡片。

3、题型编制规范

(1)单项选择题

领会能力层次试题可选自教材,但措辞避免与原教材雷同;

简单应用层次试题选自教材外,长度和难度与考纲例题相当。

(2)多项选择填空题

领会能力层次试题内容可参考教材,但措辞避免与原教材雷同;

简单应用层次试题选自教材外,长度和难度与考纲例题相当。

(3)填空题

领会能力层次试题可选自教材,但措辞避免与原教材雷同;

简单应用层次试题选自教材外,长度和难度与考纲例题相当。

(4)判断改错题

试题选自教材外,每题只含一个错误。改正时,可改写或增加或删除一个单词。

(5)简答题

简答题的问题选自教材,但措辞避免与原教材雷同。

(6)名词解释题

名词解释题的问题选自教材。

(7)改写句子题

选自教材外句子,长度和难度与考纲例题相当。

四、注意事项

编制单项选择题型试题时必须做到:①应有4个备选答案,且其中只能有一个正确答案;②题干文字简练,表述清楚,题意明确,备选答案的共同用语应尽可能置于题干之中;备选答案必须是题干所提问题,各个备选答案之间应避免互为依据或相互包含;④错误答案应具有迷惑性,或者是平常学习时易于混淆的内容;⑤正确答案的顺序应按随机原则排列,备选答案的题序号以A、B、……示列。

编制多项选择填空题型试题时,题型1:每题应有6个备选项,要求将其分为a, b两组;题型2和3:每题应有5至6个备选答案,且其中只能有2个正确答案,要求分别填入两个空格处。

五、组卷要求

1、试卷内容既要全面覆盖,又要保证突出重点。

2、每套试题均应相互独立,对某一试题的解答不得给另一试题以任何提示。

3、每套试卷均应能明显区分应试者及格或不及格两大层次。

4、题型分值结构

(1) 单项选择题20分(每小题1分)

(2)多项选择填空题16分(每小题2分)

(3)填空题20分(每小题1分)

(4)判断改错题8分(每小题1分)

(5)简答题6分(每小题2分)

(6)名(7) 词解释题4分(每小题2分)

(8)改写句子题26分(每小题2分)

六、其他

上海市自考委受全国考委委托,负责组织本门课程的命题工作,其有关事项均按国家教委(92)第22号《高等教育自学考试命题工作规定》执行。

自考不久前发布的答案。现在是工作簿模拟卷带套真题以上。四月簿肯定。你可以买的的盐源自通过考试合格的工作簿或模拟卷

都过去这么久了,要答案有意思么?

自考现代英语语法真题及答案详解

全国06年4月自学考试:英语(二)试卷及答案 2006年09月21日 14:18 来源:腾讯教育 第 1 2 3 4 5 6 页 PART ONE (50 POINTS) I.Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1point each) 1. It would be better to make a decision now, ______ leave it until next week. A. other than B. rather than C. less than D. more than 2. We‘ll inform you as soon as tickets become ______. A. valuable B. capable C. acceptable D. available 3. The foreign company has been______ running this factory for decades. A. enormously B. effectively C. infinitely D. extremely 4. If you ______ my advice, you wouldn‘t be in such trouble now. A. took B. takes C. has taken D. had taken · 免费用QQ打电话超清晰 · 银行卡 安全快捷换Q币 · 沟通无极限手机Q时代 · 魔法表情秀出百变心情 · 管中窥豹 明察秋毫 · QQ秀 秀出个性真自我 5. The meeting ______, we left the room quickly for dinner. A. over B. was over C. is over D. been over 6. All the money ______, Frederick started looking for work. A. having spent B. has been spent C. having been spent D. had been spent 7. ______ his talk when Mary ran out of the lecture hall. A. Hardly had be begun B. Hardly he had begun C. Hardly he has begun D. He hardly had begun 8. The two sisters are _____ in many ways, not only in appearance but also in temperament. A. like B. likely C. alike D. lively 9. The purpose of the program is to provide training for employees so that they can work ______. A. late B. later C. lately D. latest 10. I hope my boy friend will be handsome, strong and ______ kind. A. above all B. in all C. at all D. after all II. Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point each) However careful one may be, he cannot possibly listen carefully to everything that he hears. There are 11 of reasons for this. One of them is the overload of messages most of us 12 each day. In addition to the numerous hours we 13 hearing other people speak, we may spend several hours listening to the radio or sitting in front of a television set. 14, it is impossible to focus our attention completely on what is said; our mind might be 15 elsewhere. Preoccupation with our personal concerns is 16 reason we don‘t always listen carefully. A romance 17 sour or a good grade on a test may take prominence in our mind even as 18 is speaking to us. Furthermore, we are surrounded by all kinds of noises which interfere 19 listening. For example, voices at a party or 20 of traffic may simply make it difficult for us to catch everything that is being said. 11. A. the number B. a number C. number D. numbers 12. A. accept B. obtain C. receive D. possess 13. A. put B. consume C. spend D. spare 14. A. Besides B. Whereas C. Otherwise D. Nevertheless 15. A. wondering B. swinging C. recycling D. wandering 16. A. other B. some C. the other D. another 17. A. gone B. going C. goes D. went 18. A. anyone B. everyone C. someone D. few 19. A. to B. with C. of D. about 20. A. sound B. noise C. voice D. scream III. Reading Comprehension (30 points, 2 points each) Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. Many of today‘s most trusted sales techniques were invented over a century ago by a young merchant named Eaton in Toronto. When he was young, Eaton worked briefly with his brothers in small-town stores. In 1869, he sep up his own shop in downtown Toronto. He had many competitors, but he was also ambitious and had a plan for success. He offered a unique style of trade, but as was expected, all the other shopkeepers laughed at him, believing he would eventually fail. However, Eaton was not a man to be easily defeated; he came up with a brand new notion of business – “Goods satisfactory, or money refunded.” He sold all his goods at fixed prices and only for cash. With a sharp sense of what the public wanted, he went out of the way to meet their needs. His business grew rapidly. He set up new branches and started mail order service that allowed people to buy from a list of his goods. Eaton‘s list—advertisements of his day—was the first of its kind. It was distributed and read all over the country. It was the only way to access good-quality goods at reasonable prices for people living far away from big cites. It became part of their life. They even called it The Wishing Book. The secret of the list’s success was that Eaton gained the respect of this customers; they trusted him for good prices and quality goods. Probably because he remembered his miserable early days in Ireland, Eaton thought much of the welfare of his employees: better working conditions, shorter weekday hours than his competitors and Saturday afternoons off in the summer. In all this, he was a leader. 21. The best description of Eaton is that ______. A. he was the richest merchant in Toronto B. he was a successful technical inventor C. he introduced new sales practices D. he changed people‘s ideas about businessmen 22. Eaton‘s success lay primarily in that ____. A. he sold only good quality goods B. he was the first person to provide good service C. he treated his employees better than any of his competitors D. he won respect from his customers 23. From the passage we can infer that ______. A. Eaton invented the idea of the internet shopping B. Eaton drove other businessmen to failure C. Eaton never sold his goods on credit D. Eaton was defeated by his rivals 24. The best title for this passage is _____. A. Good Goods, of Money Refunded B. Eaton, a Sales Inventor C. Customers‘ Respect, a Secret of Success D. Eaton‘s list, a Welcome Event in Sales History 25. Eaton‘s List was important to people on farms because it was a convenient way of getting _____. A. good-quality goods at reasonable prices B. goods at unreasonable prices C. good-quality goods at unreasonable prices D. poor-quality goods at reasonable prices Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. The threat of a global outbreak (疾病大爆发) of bird flu makes it urgent for the international community to cooperate effectively. Wealthy countries will have to provide hundreds of millions of dollars for the testing and production of medicines necessary for treating patients suffering from bird flu. Developing countries, particularly in Southeast Asia, where the bird flu virus (病毒) has spread since 1997, must work out special programs so that farmers will not hide sighs of possible outbreaks. In addition, the way such farm birds as chickens and ducks are traditionally raised and marketed in the developing world should be changed; there should be more distance between the birds and their keepers. Countries should deal with the disease with joint effort. If one country is inadequately prepared, it will be a threat to every other country. The potential effects of a national outbreak of bird flu are enormous. Firstly, an outbreak may kill large numbers of people. World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that an outbreak similar to the mild Hong Kong flu of 1968 could kill as many as 7.4 millions people. If it were as dangerous as the 1918 Spanish flu, which killed 50 million, the number would be much higher. Secondly, such an outbreak may cause great financial damage. The latest outbreak of bird flu, which began in December 2003, has cost Southeast Asia more than $10 billion and depressed its GDP by 1.5 percent. If a new outbreak of bird flu were to last for a whole year, $800 billion would be lost. Despite the 124 human cases and 63 deaths from bird flu since December 2003, the virus remains mainly a disease animals. However, the more animals that die of the disease, the more chances it has of spreading to people. Large numbers of dead or dying birds mean that more people will be exposed to the virus and change into a virus with new characteristics. If the international community works together efficiently, man can surely prevent such a virus and possibly save millions of lives. 26. Faced with the threat of a global outbreak of bird flu, the international community should ________. A. establish new markets B. work together effectively C. stop birds from flying to other countries D. raise fewer chickens and ducks 27. The second paragraph focuses on ______. A. World Health Organization B. flus in Hong Kong and Spain C. the economy of Southeast Asia D. possible effects of a bird flu outbreak 28. The number of people who have died of bird flu since 2003 is _______. A. 63 B. 124 C. 7.4 million D. 50 million 29. In the third paragraph, the author is mainly interested in _____. A. stimulating financial growth B. reducing economic damages C. saving human lives D. protecting bird species 30. The passage deals with all the following aspects bird flu EXCEPT _______. A. the origin and history of bird flu B. the importance of international cooperation C. the possible dangers of a national outbreak D. the significance of preventing it from spreading Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. The long summer holidays are finally over and some parents are pleased. “We worry more about their safety in the holidays,” explains one mother from North London. If teenagers are not wandering around on public transport in a big and potentially dangerous city, they are chatting to strangers in an internet chat room! Well, that‘s an extreme picture of the UK today, but many parents are worried about how much freedom they can give their children during the holidays and at weekends. Weekends are not the only time to worry! Newspaper are full of stories about too many school kids going to school by car because their parents do not want them to travel alone on a bus or train. This summer there were more frightening stories of teenagers disappearing with questionable friends that they met on the net. All the Media stories help increase parents fears, but is the UK really so dangerous? Many young people feel that life for their parents was easier. In the 1960s young people played in the streets more and traveled around town without their parents. “At least our parents can keep tabs on us,” says 16-year-old Julia. “So many people have mobile phones now and their parents ring to find out where they are. I use my mobile to get Dad to come to the station when I arrive late.” Mobiles are not just expensive toys; they help keep young people safe. Most significantly, they help keep young people safe. Most significantly, they make parents feel better. Only one problem is, though, that some young people have been attacked by thieves who want to steal their mobile phones. Young people like going out with friends, but they now need to learn how to get home safely. Five million young people in the UK between the ages of 9 to 16 use chat rooms to make friends, but they, too, need to be careful and never give their personal details to a stranger. Young people today have more opportunities to meet new people and go out at night more than their parents ever did. Now school, television programs and newspapers must help teenagers to enjoy their freedom and to be responsible for their own safety. 31. Some parents are upset about the summer holidays mainly because their children ______. A. wander around on bus in the city B. chat to strangers in Internet chat rooms C. make questionable friends on the net D. are taken little care of by teachers 32. For the sake of the safety, many parents send their kids to school ________. A. by car B. by bus C. by train D. by public transport 33. Most significantly, mobile phones _______. A. enable parents keep a close watch on their kids B. help keep teenagers safe C. make parents feel less worried D. protect teenagers from being attacked 34. Teenagers should never give any strangers ______. A. their mobile phone numbers B. their family address C. their personal information D. their parents‘ names 35. This passage is mainly about ________. A. freedom for teenagers in summer holidays B. safety for teenagers in summer holidays C. activities for teenagers in summer holidays D. troubles for teenagers in summer holidays PART TWO (50 POINTS) IV. Word Spelling (10 points, 1 point for two items) 将下列汉语单词译成英语。每个单词的词类、首字母及字母数目均已给出。请将完整的单词写在答题纸上。 36. 获胜者,优胜者 n. w_ _ _ _ _ 37. (使)枯萎,凋谢 v. w_ _ _ _ _ 38. 垂直的,竖的 a. v_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39. 易变的,变量的 a. v_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40. 唯一的,独特的 a. u_ _ _ _ _ 41. 地下的,隐蔽的 a. u_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42. 真实的,如实地 ad. t_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43. 星期二 n. T_ _ _ _ _ _ 44. 传统,惯例 n. t_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45. 同情,同情心 n. s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46. 投降,让步 vi. s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47. 足够的,充分的 a. s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48. 亲属,亲戚 n. r_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49. 抵抗,反抗 n. r_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50. 有目的的,蓄意的 a. p_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51. 财产;性质 n. p_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52. 俯望,漏看 vt. o_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53. 发源,源自 vi. o_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54. 音乐的,悦耳的 a. m_ _ _ _ _ _ 55. 意图,打算 n. i_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ V. Word Form (10 points, 1 point each) 将括号中的各词变为适当的形式填入空白。答案写在答题纸上。 56.He _________(write) her 10 letters since he met her last years. 57. I think it necessary for him ________ (finish) the work in time. 58. The house is ______ (complete) before his brother‘s wedding ceremony. 59. You had better ________ (bring) enough money with you. 60. The _______ (good) he feels, the more work he will do. 61. If I hadn‘t listened to you, I would _______ (make) such a silly mistake. 62. The three players repeatedly denied ________ (take) any drug. 63. People who are entitled to ________ (vote) should be over eighteen. 64. The government has taken measures to reduce the total energy ______(consume)。 65. If she ______(catch) the 10 O‘clock train, she can get there by lunch time. VI. Translation from Chinese into English (15 points, 3 points each) 将下列各句译成英语并将答案写在答题纸上。 66. 男人的平均身高比女人高几英寸。 67. 你所说的与我们正在讨论的豪不相干。 68. 教育应该使每个学生德、智、体全面发展。 69.这本书对读者产生了很大影响。 70.这次考试比我们预想的要难得多。 VII. Translation from English into Chinese (15 points) 将下列短文译成汉语并将答案写在答题纸上。 There is a clear distinction between one who is supposed to know and another, usually a younger person who is supposed not to know. However, teaching is not necessarily the area of a special group of people, nor should it be looked upon as a technical skill. Teaching can be more like guiding and assisting than forcing information into a blank mind. If you have a certain skill, you should be able to share it with others. You do not have to get a certificate to convey what you know to them or to help them in their attempt to teach themselves. All of us, from the very youngest children to the oldest members of our society, should come to realize our own talent and abilities as teachers. We can share what we know, however little it might be, with others who have need of that knowledge or skill. 「答案及评分参考」 I. Vocabulary and Structure (本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分) 1.B 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.A 6.C 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.A II. Cloze Test (本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分) 11.B 12.C 13.C 14.A 15.D 16.D 17.A 18.C 19.B 20.B III. Reading Comprehension (本大题共15小题,每小题2分,共30分) 21.C 22.D 23.C 24.B 25.A 26.B 27.D 28.A 29.C 30.A 31.D 32.A 33.C 34.C 35.B IV. Word Spelling (本大题共20小题,每两小题1分,共10分) 36. winner 37. wither 38. vertical 39. variable 40. unique 41. underground 42. truthfully 43.Tuesday 44. tradition 45. sympathy 46. surrender 47. sufficient 48. relative 49. resistance 50. purposeful 51. property 52. overlook 53. originate 54. musical 55. intention [评分参考] 多写、少写或错写一个或一个以上的字母均为错 V. Word From (本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分) 56. has written 57. to finish 58. to be completed 59. bring 60. better 61. have made 62. taking 63. vote 64. consumption 65. catches [评分参考] 语法错误或拼写错误均不给分。 VI. Translation from Chinese into English (本大题共5小题,每小题3分,共15分) 66. On the average, men are higher than women by several inches/several inches higher than women. 67. What you said has nothing to do/has no relevance with what we are discussing. 68. Education should enable every student to develop morally,intellectually and physically. 69. The book has made a great impact/had a great effect/influence on its readers. 70. The test was much more difficult than we had expected.

全国2012年4月高等教育自学考试英语语法试题课程代码:00831一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题,每小题1分,共20分)Choose the best answer from the choices given and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. 1.There are a lot of ________ in Xinhua Children’s Hospital. ( )A.woman doctors B.woman doctor C.women doctors D.women doctor 2.We ________ . Please fasten your seat belt. ( )A.have landed B.are landing C.landed D.land 3.Mary and John ________ each other since childhood. ( )A.have been knowing B.knew C.have known D.had known 4.Almost all the main roads in the city center ________ by the end of next year. ( )A.will be widened B.were widened C.will have been widened D.would be widened 5.The factory will be fined if the work ________ by the end of the month is delayed. ( ) A.to be completed B.will be completed C.being completed D.completed 6.I don’t think it advisable that the young man ________ to the important post since he has no practical experience. ( )A.is appointed B.will be appointed C.be appointed D.has been appointed 7.Mary’s score on the test is the highest in her class; she ________ have studied very hard. ( )A.may B.should C.must D.ought to 8.The students are staying up late these days ________ for the final exams. ( )A.to preparing B.to prepareC.being prepared D.prepared9.He tried ________ a new microphone and was able to make himself heard. ( )A.to use B.to be used C.to using D.using 10.Mr. Johnson met ________ at the party that day. ( )A.a certain retired movie funny star B.a retired certain funny movie star C.a funny certain retired movie star D.a certain funny retired movie star 11.Tom likes watching TV ________ novels. ( )A.more than to read B.more than reading C.than reading D.rather than to read 12.The Conservative Party is one of the ________ parties in Britain. ( )A.major B.mainC.big D.huge 13. ________ , he couldn’t deal with these problems. ( )A.Obviously speaking B.Obviously to speak C.Obvious D.Obviously 14.The room is too cold without heating and too small for a family of four. ________ , it is better than I expected. ( )A.Still B.But C.And D.So 15. ________ their differences, John and Mark remain good friends all their lives.( )A.But for B.For all C.Above all D.Except for16.She is a gentle and quiet girl, ________ none of her sisters is. ( )A.who B.whom C.that D.which 17.She is married to a man who she believes ________ both makes a lot of money and loves her. ( )A.who B.whom C.that D./ 18.Neither of them who had applied for a position in the company ________. ( )A.has been accepted B.have been accepted C.was accepted D.were accepted 19.What she wanted from him ________ just promises at that time. ( )A.is B.areC.was D.were 20.I know I need a good car, but I can’t afford ________. ( )A.it B.one C.that D.this 二、填空题(本大题共28小题,共36分)Section A: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words given in the group. (共8小题,每小题2分,共16分)21.go, goes, is going, advice, advices, piece of advice My special thanks ____________ to Professor Brown, who read the first draft of this book and gave me a lot of invaluable ____________ . 22.a, a, the, the, some, such ____________ beautiful is not always the same as ____________ good. 23.worrying, are worrying, has been worrying, fining, being fined, is fined The browns ____________ about their son ____________ for overspeed.24.was, were, be, never, being, will never be, has never to be Though be ____________ reduced to poverty, he ____________ dishonest. 25.work, worked, working, tell, told, telling ____________ hard until ____________ to stop. 26.which, which, what, what, that, that There is something ____________ I want you to do but ____________ you hate to do. 27.what, which, that, is, are, was What he did and ____________ he said ____________ totally different. 28.such, so, it, make, to make, made ____________ is not funny at all ____________ fun of a disabled man. Section B: Fill in the blanks with the words given in brackets. Make changes or add something where necessary. ( 共20小题,每小题1分,共20分)29.Let’s not talk to the director, ____________ (we)?30.You say you took the book without his permission. ___________ (other words), you stole it. 31.The book will provide a ____________ (stimuli) to research in this very important area. 32.They speak ____________ (not French) nor German, but a curious mixture of the two. 33.In my ____________ (mind) eye, she remains a little girl of six although she’s actually a grown woman. 34.I’m afraid you ____________ (have) to be responsible for everything you do after you’re eighteen. 35.Look at the dark clouds. It ____________ (rain).36.Mary is naughty, but she____________(be) a good girl today.37.Congress has decided that the present law____________(maintain).38.­—The lights have gone out. —A fuse____________(blow).39.Having finished the first project, John went on____________(work) on another one. 40.____________ (stand) on the church tower, the whole village could be seen.41.When I told her the news, she became all____________(depressed).42.How much did the second____________ (expensive) has cost?43.I think the noise____________(come) below the window.44.Don’t get____________(mad) the children. They don’t know what they’ve done.45.____________ (consider) the strength of the opposition, we did very well to score two goals.46.That is the reason____________(for) he is leaving so soon.47.Each man and woman____________(be) asked to complete a form.48.I don’t want____________(there be) any disturbance during my lunch break.三、改错题(本大题共12小题,每小题1分,共12分) Correct one error in each of the following sentences.49.—Did you work out the solution to this problem?—I am at my wits end with this problem.50.I’m going to buy a new coat. The weather report says it is very cold.51.Far is it from me to call him a thief.52.She talked a long time, and in the end she could make him believe her.53.The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plant and animal life.54.The additional work will take five another weeks.55.Such chances should never be let to slip.56.There is something wrong with the car; it needs overhauled.57.Having paid my taxes, the amount left in the bank is hardly worth mentioning.58.Just take a look at that fellow, so you’ll get sick.59.Brown bread and butter are usually eaten with smoked salmon.60.Not a single page he read the whole semester.四、改写句子(本大题共12小题,每小题2分,共24分) Rewrite the following sentences as required.61.Adding a suitable tag to the following statement: I don’t believe you’ve finished knitting that cardigan yourself.62.Reinforcing the negation in the following sentence: No one on the committee approved of my proposal.63.Combining the two sentences by using coordination: He himself is interested in the subject. All his students are beginning to show an interest in it.64.Combining the two sentences by using an adverbial clause: John spoke through a microphone. He could be heard in every room.65.Combining the two sentences by using a conjunct:The house was in bad repair. It was to be sold at a reduced price.66.Combining the two sentences by using a conjunct: The term papers were very brief. They were better than I had expected.67.Using extraposition: Whether there was gold left in the mine was not known.68.Using fronting: The plane dived into a large crowd of spectators.69.Using a modal auxiliary: I’m sure that he is working late at the office.70.Using whatever cohesive device is appropriate: We are told that he will come tonight, and if he comes tonight, our meeting will be held tomorrow. If he doesn’t come tonight, there won’t be any meeting tomorrow.71.Using whatever cohesive device is appropriate: I finally threw out my dirty tennis shoes, which pleased my mother tremendously.72.Using subjunctive mood: I had recommended him to be placed in a more responsible position.五、简答题(本大题共2小题,每小题4分,共8分) Answer the following questions.73.Give a brief answer to the criteria of the classification of open class words and their significance.74.List the types of subjunctive mood with examples.

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