今天教务老师给大家收集整理了自考高级英语下册教材翻译，自考高级英语课文翻译的相关问题解答，还有免费的自考历年真题及自考复习重点资料下载哦，以下是全国我们为自考生们整理的一些回答，希望对你考试有帮助！英语专业自考本科段教材专业代码：01C1502专业名称：英语课程代码课程名称教材名称出版社版本作者00087英语翻译英汉翻译教程外语教学与研究出版社1999年版庄绎传00600高级英语高级英语外语教学与研究出版社2000年版王家湘张中载00603英语写作英语写作辽宁大学出版社1999年版杨俊峰00604英美文学选读英美文学选读外语教学与研究出版社1999年版张伯香00795综合英语综合英语外语教学与研究出版社2000年版徐克容00831英语语法现代英语语法外语教学与研究出版社2000年版李基安00832英语词汇学英语词汇学外语教学与研究出版社1999年版张维友00839第二外语大学俄语简明教程高等教育出版社1995年版张宝岑钱晓惠00840第二外语初级日语\初级日语教与学北京大学出版社2006年版\2007年版赵华敏00841第二外语简明法语教程商务印书馆1990/1年版孙辉00842第二外语新编大学德语外语教学与研究出版社2002年版朱建华03708中国近现代史纲要中国近现代史纲要2008年版王顺生李捷03709马克思主义基本原理概论马克思主义基本原理概论2008年版卫兴华赵家祥10014水平考试水平考试自学辅导航空工业出版社2006年版余志远10015水平考试英语听力上、下册外语教学与研究出版社1999年版何其莘王敏金利民夏玉和10016水平考试英语口语自学教程外语教学与研究出版社95年版96年版余志远10017欧洲文化入门欧洲文化入门外语教学与研究出版社1992年版王佐良祝珏李品伟高厚10064口译与听力现代汉译英口译教程外语教学与研究出版社2004年版吴冰10065口译与听力英语高级听力外语教学与研究出版社1992年版何其莘王敏金利民俞涓高级英语第二册 课文翻译这里有~免费的，有百度账号就可以下载了~以下是内容：高级英语第二册课文翻译第一课迎战卡米尔号飓风第二课马拉喀什见闻第三课酒肆闲聊与标准英语第四课就职演说(1961年1月20日)第五课爱情就是谬误第六课从天窗中消失第七课爱丑之欲第八课工人是创造者还是机器第九课从奥米勒斯城出走的人第十课悲哀的青年一代第十一课英国人的未来第十二课一个发现：做一个美国人意味着什么第十三课为死刑辩护第十四课亦爱亦恨话纽约参考资料：你好啊，非常谢谢你的自考高级英语的的视频教程，这是上册的1到5课?你的行为是吹毛求疵！文过饰非！品质是强词夺理，胡搅蛮缠！你丫错了，就应该大大方方地公开向被你丫污蔑过的人承认错误，保证不再胡来。何必羞羞答答地“犹抱琵琶半遮面”呢？真是岂有此理！4月自考《高级英语》如何复习？但如果时间紧，首先要保证A课文的学习，包括A课文后面的练习题都要认真做，因为A课文大约要占到80%的比重。在刚刚结束的10月份英语考试中就特别明显，从书中出题的比例很大，甚至最后一道英译汉也是从课文中选取的。单词背诵要贯穿始终，每天都要坚持背点，多重复，多回头看，多比较，可以采用联想、口诀、拆分等方法来记忆单词，日积月累才会收到良好效果。自考/成考有疑问、不知道自考/成考考点内容、不清楚当地自考/成考政策，点击底部咨询官网老师，免费领取复习资料：
高级英语要看参考书，英语写作不用全部看，考试题型在你的自考网里可以下载的，英语写作只要看下4，6级作文黄金模板就行
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你也是自考生吗？我的高级英语去年就考过了，当时也没怎么看书，只是把两本书的练习题看了一下，没想到课后的练习题很实用，考试的时候好多都是书上的。我在没考试的时候也在担心填单词的部分，因为如果对书本不理解的话，这项题目根本很难拿到分，还好我把书过了一遍，确切的说只是把上册过了一遍，后来自己就买了一本试卷做，这样复习起来就很有方向，还有就是在考试前你可以把你的试卷拿出来再看一遍，很有用的，平时注意积累，不会很难的。相信我，加油。。
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第一个!!! 你仔细看一下,应该对你有所帮助, 00602 口译与听力 南京师范大学编 （高纲号 0694） 一、考试说明 1．高级听力考试 1）高级听力考试为水平考试，考试方式为考生听录音磁带，同时答题目。答卷分试题和答题纸两部分。考试全长约70分种，其中前60分钟为考生听录音答题时间（具体时值以录音实际长度为准）。录音结束后，考生有10分钟额外的时间把答案誊写到答题卡上。 2）考试题型 高级听力考试共有四个部分（Section）。其中前两部分为客观题，形式为单项选择，即A、B、C、D四项中选一项。后两部分为主观题，形式为书面回答。总分值为50分。 3）题型说明 这一部分 简要新闻理解（14分） 这部分由7段简要新闻(news in brief)级成。主要为国际主要英语媒体如BBC、VOA、CNN、NPR、MSNBC等的简要新闻报道。每段新闻相应在试题中有两个单项选择题。每段新闻的录音播放两遍，然后考生有30秒时间答题。 第二部分 详细报道理解（10分） 第一部分由两段较长的录音构成。形式不一，一般是国际主要英语媒体的对新闻事件的详细报道（news in detail），也可能是国外广播电视英语节目的节选。每段报道相应在试题中有五个单项选择题。每段报道录音播放两遍，然后考生有一分钟时间答题。 第三部分 详细报道内容摘要（20分） 这一部分由两段较长的录音构成，性质同第二部分相同。针对每一段录音，考试卷面上将给出有关该录音内容的两或三个关键词组，要求考生根据所听内容写出和关键词组相关的信息。录音播放两遍，每一遍后留有一分钟间隙供考生书写答案。 第四部分 听写（6分） 在这一部分考生将听到一篇150-200词的录音。录音的文字印在卷面，上面有六处空白，要求考生把空白处的文字听写出来。每个空的文字量5词左右。录音连续不间断地播放三遍。 2．口译考试 1）口译考试为水平考试。形式考官司面试。从考试的客观公平出发，每位考生必须同时接受至少两位考官司的测评。口译的内容事先录制在磁带上，届时为考生播放，考生做即席口译。 2）考试程序 口译考试分为两部分，汉译英和英译汉。 汉译英部分 汉译英部分分两个阶段进行。 第一阶段是单句口译，总计15分。考生将听到4句话，每句中文30字左右。内容涉及日常生活、外事安排、中国国情、中国文化等。每一句的录音播放之后，考生应在30秒内译出该句。 第二阶段是段落口译，计10分。考生将听到1分钟左右的讲话录音。录音共播放两遍。第一遍不间断从头播到尾，第二遍录音播放时，在每一句播放过后考生有30秒时间口译该句。这一阶段的考试考生可以做笔记。 英译汉部分 英译汉部分分两个阶段进行。 第一阶段是单句口译，总计15分。考生将听到4句话，每句英语30词左右。内容涉及日常生活、外国人在华生活、国际事务等。每一句的录音播放之后，考生应在30秒内译出该句。 第二阶段是段落口译，计10分。考生将听到1分钟左右的讲话录音。录音共播放两遍。第一遍不间断从头播至尾，第二遍录音播放时，在每一句播放过后考生有30秒时间口译该句。这一阶段的考试考生可以做笔记。 3）口译总体要求 全部或绝大部分信息被译出，译法准确得当，重点词汇翻译准确，语音地道，语流顺畅，基本上一次完成，允许有少许自然停顿。 三、学习方法 由于客观条件的限制，加上广大自考生不能像在校重建了样有很多时间投入到外语实践这一情况，学好“高级听力与口译”对他们来说有着相当的难度。高级听力和口译要求学习者有很大的语言输入和语言实践，仅仅依靠课本，显然是不够的。课本只是给学生提供了一个学习的框架，真正水平的提高要靠平时的自学。 要想提高听力理解能力，首先钉保证语言素材的大量输入。本科段的高级听力给考生提出了更高的要求，既在实践层次上的要求——听真实材料。考生不能把目光只盯在教科书上，翻来覆去地听课本所配磁带是不会有大长进的。尽管对绝大多数考生来说不存在平时使用英语的环境，但这并不是说就没有办法了。应该说虽然英语在中国的使用从总体来讲还是相当有限，但今天的改革开放和信息社会已经使英语无处不在。世界上主要媒体如BBC、VOA、CNN、NPR、CCTV-9等的播音节目都可能通过电视或互联网上获得。英语国家的大报如Washington Post、New York Times 等都在互联网上提供新闻广播或录象服务。国内目前有大量的各种英语原声杂志和琳琅满目的英语原版电影的DVD光盘。这些都是练习听力的上好原材料。在练习听的时候，要注意方法，讲求收效。练习听力要保持从材料中索取信息的兴趣和兴奋度，保证定时定量，把握难易度，根据不同的材料性质决定精听和泛听。听时最好有录音原文的文字稿，这样可以对照地学习，搞清楚是什么地方没有听懂，没有听懂的原因，这样才有所积累。才能逐步地提高听力水平。 在口译学习上，考生需要付出的劳动更多。口译是一种复杂的综合的语言技能，它对大多数英语学习者来说是陌生的，有挑战性的。练习口译注意抓住几个方面。一是英语水平的培养。口译几乎可以说是包括全部语言技能在内的一种综合技能。平时口译的机会很少，学习者可以多做一些笔译练习，打下扎实的外语语言基本功。经常注意英汉两种语言在表达法甚至两种文化在思维定势上的差异，逐渐摆脱中式英语，向地道的英语迈进。二是口译工作带有鲜明的时代特点。随着社会的发展，新的语汇和新的表达法不断地涌现，这就要求学习者在平时注意观察和积累。把对同一事件的中英文两种报道对照地学习，不失为一种好办法。三要注意口译工作自身的特点，即译员必须及时地且独立地完成口译。这就意味着掌握好准确性和灵活性的结合。实质性的内容性必须准无误地译出。而一些诗句、成语、俚语、俗语、个人习惯用语等则要灵活处理，译成对方文化易于理解的接受的内容。 四．考试指定教材 高级听力：《英语高级听力》，何其莘等编著，外语教学与研究出版社 口译：基础阶段《高级口译教程》，梅德明编著，上海外语教育出版社 提高阶段：《实用英汉汉英口译教程》，徐海铭 季海宏编著，南京师范大学出版社 第二个!!! 00593和00594 英语听力 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 南京师范大学编 （高纲号 0544） 课程内容及考核目标 一、课程内容 本课程的学习内容主要围绕本课程的指定教材《英语中级听力》（ Listen to This:2）。全书共36课，每课由三个部分组成。每一课的主要学习内容包括生词表、文化背景注释和配套练习等三个部分。 二、考核目标 本课程是一门训练听力的单项技能课，其考核目标为；听懂英语国家人士关于日常生活和社会生活的交谈以及难度相当于TOEFL中的Mini-talk等中等难度的听力材料，理解中心大意，抓住主要论点，并能就所给的材料进行问答、复述和讨论。 Ⅲ、有关说明与实施要求 一、关于课程内容和考试目标 以上列出的课程学习内容和考核目标，将作为考生学习和考试命题的主要依据。考生应围绕本课程的指定教材，按要求全面系统地学习和掌握全书每一课的主要学习内容。听力考试是对应试者英语听力技能的综合测试。考生应通过英语听力自学考试教材的学习和训练，完成教材中的练习，循序渐进地提高听力理解能力。考试命题范围将主要围绕教材里的训练技能，如辨音、单句理解、对话理解并回答问题、短文理解、获取住处及回答问题、短文理解及判断正误等。命题应根据考核目标来把握试题的知识能力层次和难易程度，题型从点到线到面，即从词汇、到单句、小对话、较长的对话、短文，从易到难，循序渐进。 二、关于自学教材和学习方法 本课程所指定的教材为《英语中级听力》（ Listen to This:2），何其莘等编，外语教学与研究出版社。 本课程包括生词表、文化背景注释和配套练习三个部分。考生学习时应事先熟悉生词表中列出的词汇，并阅读文化背景注释。书中某些课文含有根据上下文推测、记笔记和整理讲座提纲等学习方法训练的内容，还包括对这些练习的示范说明，考生在做这部分练习时应熟悉这些训练的目的和要求。此外，考生应处理好听力课与其他课程的关系。应该知道，除了多听录音、多做练习之外，对语音语调的正确把握、丰富的词汇和语汇、宽阔的文化背景知识面等，对于提高英语听力技能是极其重要的，而这些综合的语言知识和语言技能的学习和掌握，与其他课程（中英语口语、阅读、语法、写作、英语国家概况等）的学习是分不开的。 三、关于考试形式、内容和成绩评定 英语听力考试的形式是笔试。题型均为多项选择类的客观题。考试分五大部分。 第一部分：辨音。（占20％。共10题，每题2分。） 要求考生听完一句录音后，从卷面上所给的四个读音类似的单词中找出一个录音句子中含有的单词。录音句子读两遍。 第二部分：单句理解（占20％。共20题，每题1分。） 要求考生听完一句录音后，从卷面上所给的四个句子中选出一句意思最为接近的句子。录音句子读两遍。 第三部分：对话理解、回答提问（占20％。共20题，每题1分。） 要求考生听完一男一女的两人小对话后，回答第三人的一句提问，答案从卷面所提供的四个句子中选择。对话及提问的录音放两遍。 第四部分：短文理解、回答提问（占20％。共10题，每题2分。） 要求考生听完一篇约200个单词的短文后，回答3－4个问题。问题列在卷面上，答案从卷面所提供的四个句子中选择。共三篇短文。短文录音放两遍。 第五部分；短文理解、判断正误（占20％。共10题，每题2分。） 要求考生听完一篇约600个单词的短文后，就短文内容判断10个句子的正误。10个句子均列在卷面上。短文录音放两遍。 整个听力考试约为60分钟。要求考生边听录音、边读试卷，同时在答题卡上做答。采用标准答体卡答卷，机器阅卷。满分为100分，60分为及格。 样题 一、试卷题型举例： STan dARD LISTEING TESTFOR SELF - TAUGHT STUDENTS IN JIANGSU PROVINCE GENERAL DIRECTIONS This is a test of your ability to understan d spoken English. It is divided into five sections. Each section of the test begins with a set of specific directions. Be sure you understan d what you are to do before you begin to work on a section. The tape will tell you when to strat each section an d when to go on to the next section. You must follow the recording all the time an d work quickly but carefully. Do not spend too much time on any one question. If you finish a section early, you may review your answer on that section only. You may not go on to the next section an d you may not go back to a section you have already worked on. You may find that some of the questions are more difficult than others,but you should try to answer every one. Your score will be based only on the number of questions you answer correctly. Therefore, if you are not sure of the answer to a question, make the best gues that you cna. It is to your advantage to answer every question, even if you have to guess the answer. Do no mark your answers in this TEST BOOK. You must mark all your answers on the separate ANSWER SHEET. Be careful to mark only one answer to each question. If you change your mind about an answer after you have marked it on the ANSWER SHEET, clear it completely withan eraser an d then mark your new answer. Section One Directions:In this section of the test, you will hear tensentences. Each sentence will be read twice an d it contains one of the four words given below. You must listen carefully an find out the word you hear in the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question an d fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. (20％) Here is an example: On the recording,you hear: The boy bit the man on the arm. In your test book you read: (A)beat (B)bit (C)bite (D)beast You learn from the speaker that the word in the sentence is(B),"bit".Therefore,the correct answer is(B).Now,let’s begin with NO.1 1.(A)cha rged (B)trained (C)challenged (D)changed 2.(A)called (B)cold (C)cooked (D)good 3.(A)exhaustion (B)extraction (C)exhibition (D)exhibit ... ... Section Two Directions:For each question in Section Two, you will hear a sentence in the form of a statement or a question. Each sentence will be spoken twice. When ou hear a sentence, read the four choices an d decide which of them is the chlosest interpretation of the statement or the best answer to the question you have heard. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question an d fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.(20％) 1.(A)The story is very enjoyable. (B)Is tha one of the stories? (C)I wonder which story it is. (D)Is that a wonderful story? 2.(A)The deans’ offices are located jus over the theater. (B)The dean is in the other office. (C)The offices are on the same floor as the theater. (D)The officers are on the stage. 3.(A)Laura had to take the cake upstairs. (B)Laura put on makeup before the exam. (C)Laura must take the test. (D)Laura knows the flag of every nation ... ... Section Three Directions: For each question in Section Three, you will hear a short conversation between two speakers. You will be given a question to answer about each conversation. Each conversation will be read twice. You must listen carefully to understan d what each speaker says. After you hear a conversation, read the four choices an d decide which of them is the best answer to the question. Then,on your answer sheet, find the number of the question an d fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. (20％) 1.What does the woman mean? (A)The train will be heavily loaded. (B)The Capitol Building is made of stone. (C)The Capitol building is near the train station. (D)The train had already departed for Washington. 2.What does the man mean? (A)He doesn’t think they are allowed to speak. (B)He doesn’t know what’s happening outside. (C)He is only talking to himself. (D)He thinks it’s too noisy to talk now. 3.What does the man mean? (A)He can read for a long time when he’s interested. (B)He’s also amazed at how much he reads. (C)He reads the same amount as he woman does. (D)He finds it difficult to sit still to read. ... ... Secton Four Directions:In this section of the test, you will hear short talks an d converstations. After each talk or conversation, you will be given some question. Each talk or conversation will be read twice. You must read the questions an d the four possible answers carefully an d choose the best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question an d fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. (20％) 1.What trouble did the pigeons have? (A)The cobra cheated them. (B)The cobra occupied their home. (C)They blst their valuable necklace. (D)The cobra often ate the pigeons’ young babies. 2.Whom did the pigeons go to for help? (A)A hare. (B)A snake. (C)A queen. (D)Their servant. 3.Why did the pigeon drop the necklace? (A)Because it was too heave. (B)Because he wanted to trick the cobra. (C)Because he wanted to please the cobra. (D)Because he wanted the servants to run after him. 4.What is the point of this passage? (A)When you are in trouble, better to go an d ask a clever friend for help. (B)bathing with a necklace left on the shore is foolish. (C)It is better to be clever than strong. (D)It’s foolish to eat young pigeons. ... ... Section Five Directions: This section is designed to measure your comprehension of a passage. You are going to hear the passage twice. It will not be written out for you. Therefore,you must listen carfully in order to understan d the passage completely. After you hear the passage, read each statement in your test book an d decide whether it is TRUE or FALSE according to what you have heard on the tape. Then on your answer sheet, if it is TRUE find the number of the question an d blacken the letter"A";if it is FALSE, find the number of the question an d blacken the letter"B".Now, please get ready to listen to the passage.(20％) 1.Chaplin was born an d had grown up in London’s poor area an d experienced hardships of life. 2.Chaplin’s parents had been successful actor an d actress in Englan d. 3.Chaplin had the same dream as his parent’s------to be film stars. ... ... THIS IS THE END OF THE LISTENING TEST. 样题录音文字及标准答案： Section One 1.The controller cha rged Amy too much.(A) 2.Mike’s coffee was cold.(B) 3.His art was appreciated by the younger people at the exhibi- tion. (C) Section Two 1.What a wonderful story!(A) 2.On the floor above the theatre are the deans’ offices.(A) 3.Laura has to make up the examination.(C) Section Three 1.M.While I’m in Washington,I want to see the Capitol Building. W.You will. It’s only a stone’s thrown away from the train station. Q.What does the woman mean?(C) 2.W. I’m sorry. What did you say? M. Oh, nothing. I was just thinking out loud. Q. What does the man mean?(C) 3.W. How you can read so much in one sitting is amazing. M. When the subject is interesting enough, it’s easy. Q. What does the man mean?(A) Section Four Once upon a time a pair of pigeons were continually upset by a cobra. Every year the snake crawled into their home to eat the young pigeons before they learned to fly.They asked their clever friend, the hare, what to do. "Do not be disappointed,"he told them,"We cannot stop the cobra by force, as we are not strong enough. We will have to use craft to destroy that cruel beast. Just do what I tell you an d you will be safe." The pigeon then flew off to the river where a queen was bating, guarded by all her servants. He snatched up the most beautiful necklace left on the shore an d flew away just out of reach of the angry servants. Once they were running straight for the cobra’s home he flew quickly ahead an d settled at the window pretenfing not to know what to do. The cobra rushed towards the pigeon at once."Stupid pigeon," he thought. He only just managed to fly away, but dropped this valuable necklace in his haste."What will his wife say? Now I will be the most magnificent cobra in the world." However, no sooner had he put it on than the servants appeared an d killed him to take the expensive thing back. The year the pigeon’s family grew up healthy an d safe. Questions: 1.What trouble did the pigeons have?(D) 2.Whom did the pigeons go to for help?(A) 3.Why did the pigeon drop the necklace?(B) 4.What is! the point of this passage?(C) Section Five cha rles Chaplin In 1911, a penniless young man left Englan d for America. His future was uncertain, but he did not believe it could be worse than his past. He had grown up among the poor in London’s East End an d experience great poverty. His mother’s life had been so hard that she had finally gone mad. an d his father died of drink. Both parents had been on the stage an d lived in the hope that they would one day be "stars". Their son dreamed that he could succeed where they had failed. By 1914, his dream had come true. His name, cha rlie, was widely talked about in America. He was admired as the king of silent films. How did he reach the top of the film world an d make a huge success in such a short time? It was not at one single stroke. His early efforts to copy other famous stars at that time were a failure. However, he gradually began to develop the cha racter of a tramp, which is always connected with his name. He often borrowed ideas an d even "stole" most of his clothes from others, but he developed his own way to go with them. He used a black hat to pass secret messages, an d the walking stick allowed him to make fun of his enemies or to punish them from a distance. He got the idea for his famous walk from a London driver who had a wound in his foot. ... ... Questions: 1.Chaplin was born an d had grown up in London’s poor area an d experienced hardships of life.(A) 2.Chaplin’s parents had been successful actor an d actress in Englan d.(B) 3.Chapin had the same dream as his parent’s---- to be film stars.(A) (执笔：南京师范大学外国语学院 李霞 等)南师大有自考补习班的!你没找找??看有你英语专业的补习班还有你可以咨询一下这方面在师范大学的老师,我也在帮你找,这是能买到高级英语阅读教程的书,你看一下,我也不知道是不是,能不能买到,我再帮你查,查到英美文学选读的资料了,给你个网站你看一下
高级英语学习的重点已从基本的英语语音，词汇，语法的掌握上升到：一、 阅读理解及词汇应用：能够区分、应用同、近义词；很好地理解文章的主题与内容。二、 提高英语的表达能力：学员应能用英语解释英语难句，进行有一定难度的英汉互译，用英语对文章内容进行归纳，并对文章进行简要的分析、评论。高级英语学习方法学习时应该注意下列一些方面：首先，牢记教材是根本。以前，教材单调，教辅条件简陋，照样培养出学贯东西的语言大师来。现在英语读物多了，时尚的学习工具多了，英语并没有变得容易学了。究其原因是人们的心态变了，变得浮躁了。对什么都这山望着那山高，今天这个时髦得学习方法，明天那本最新教材。殊不知一切方法都建立在一定的基础上的，一个人的兴趣、悟性、修行没有到达那个层面，再美好的东西跟你也是无缘。而且从高级英语考试大纲规定来看，以教材为本这一思想也是显而易见的，试卷中60%分值的题目都是根据教材中课文内容设计的。其次，要培养自己对教材中三十二篇课文的兴趣和热爱。这些课文不但是帮助我们学好英文语言知识，而且帮助我们学到很多为人处世的道理。通过精读、熟记这些课文，不但可以扩大词汇量、掌握许多句型结构，而且在与他人交谈时不再是只会一点‘乒乓英语’ —— 几个来回，‘短平快’就说不下去了，而是能够使自己说的话既有深度，又有广度，同时有能通过《高级英语》自学考试。以后，我们谈到摇滚不只会说‘闹心’，谈到电视只会说‘费时’，谈到国际政治只会说‘虚伪’，而是可以做到探讨每一个话题的多个方面。
Lesson Nine The Trouble with Television 电视的毛病 The Trouble with Television 要摆脱电视的影响是困难的。 It is difficult to escape the influence of television. 假如统计的平均数字适用于你的话，那么你到20岁的时候就至少看过2万个小时的电视了，从那以后每生活10年就会增加1万小时。 If you fit the statistical averages， by the age of 20 you will have been exposed to at least 20，000 hours of television. You can add 10，000 hours for each decade you have lived after the age of 20. 笔起看电视，美国人只有在工作和睡眠上花时间更多。 The only things Americans do more than watch television are work and sleep. 稍微计算一下，使用这些时间的一部分能够做些什么。 Calculate for a moment what could be done with even a part of those hours. 听说一个大学生仅用5000小时就可以获得学士学位。 Five thousand hours， I am told， are what a typical college undergraduate spends working on a bachelor's degree. 在1万个小时内你能学成一个天文学家或工程师，流利掌握几门外语。 In 10，000 hours you could have learned enough to become an astronomer or engineer. You could have learned several languages fluently. 如果你感兴趣的话，你可能读希腊原文的荷马史诗或俄文版的陀思妥耶夫斯基的作品；如果对此不感兴趣，那你可以徒步周游世界，撰写一本游记。 If it appealed to you， you could be reading Homer in the original Greek or Dostoyevsky in Russian. If it didn't， you could have walked around the world and written a book about it. 电视的毛病在于它分散了人们的注意力。 The trouble with television is that it discourages concentration. 生活中几乎一切有趣的、能给人以满足的事都需要一定的建设性的、持之以恒的努力。 Almost anything interesting and rewarding in life requires some constructive， consistently applied effort. 即使是我们中间那些最迟钝、最没有天才的人也能做出一些事来，而这些事使那些从来不在任何事情上专心致志的人感到像是奇迹一般。 The dullest， the least gifted of us can achieve things that seem miraculous to those who never concentrate on anything. 但电视鼓励我们不做出任何努力，它向我们兜售即时的满足，它给我们提供娱乐，使我们只想娱乐，让时间在毫无痛苦中消磨掉。 But Television encourages us to apply no effort. It sells us instant gratification. It diverts us only to divert， to make the time pass without pain. 电视节目的多样化成了一种麻醉剂而不是促进思考的因素。 Television's variety becomes a narcotic ， nor a stimulus. 它那系列的、多变的画面引着我们跟着它走。 Its serial， kaleidoscopic exposures force us to follow its lead. 观众无休无止地跟着导游游览：参观博物馆30分钟，看大教堂30分钟，喝饮料30分钟，然后上车去下一个参观点，只是电视的特点是时间分配以分秒计算，而所选择的内容却多为车祸和人们的互相残杀。 The viewer is on a perpetual guided tour： 30 minutes at the museum， 30 at the cathedral， 30 for a drink， then back on the bus to the next attraction —-except on television.， typically， the spans allotted arc on the order of minutes or seconds， and the chosen delights are more often car crashes and people killing one another. 总之许多电视节目取代了人类最可贵的一种才能，即主动集中自己的注意力，而不是被动地奉送注意力。 In short， a lot of television usurps one of the most precious of all human gifts， the ability to focus your attention yourself， rather than just passively surrender it. 吸引并抓住人们的注意力是大多数电视节目安排的主要目的，它加强了电视是有利可图的广告的载体的作用。 Capturing your attention —and holding it—is the prime motive of most television programming and enhances its role as a profitable advertising vehicle. 节目安排使人生活在无休止的恐惧之中，唯恐抓不住人们的注意力——不管是什么人的注意力都担心。 Programmers live in constant fear of losing anyone's attention—anyone's. 避免造成这一局面的最有把握的办法就是使一切节目都保持简短，不要使任何人的注意力过于集中而受到损害，而要通过多样化、新奇性、动作和行动不断地提供刺激。 The surest way to avoid doing so is to keep everything brief， not to strain the attention of anyone but instead to provide constant stimulation through variety， novelty， action and movement. 很简单，电视的运作原则就是迎合观众的注意力跨度短这一特点。 Quite simply， television operates on the appeal to the short attention span. 这只是最简单的解决办法，但它逐渐被看作是电视这一宣传媒体特定的，内在固有的性质，是必须履行的职责，似乎是司令萨尔诺夫或另一个令人敬畏的电视创始人给我们传下了刻有铭文的石碑，命令电视上出现的一切节目均不得使观众需要片刻以上的注意力。 It is simply the easiest way out. But it has come to be regarded as a given， as inherent in the medium itself； as an imperative， as though General Sarnoff， or one of the other august pioneers of video， had bequeathed to us tablets of stone commanding that nothing in television shall ever require more than a few moments' Concentration. 要是运用得恰当，这倒也无可厚非。 In its place that is fine. 如此出色地把使人忘却现实的娱乐作为大规模推销工具加以包装，谁又能反对这样一种宣传媒介呢？ Who can quarrel with a medium that so brilliantly packages escapist entertainment as a mass-marketing tool？ 但是我看到了它的价值现已充斥于这个国家及其生活之中。 Rut I see its values now pervading this nation and its life. 认为快速思维和快餐食品一样影响着生活节奏很快、性情急躁的公众，这已成了时髦的看法。 It has become fashionable to think that， like fast food， fast ideas are the way to get to a fast-moving， impatient public. 在新闻方面，我认为这种做法不能进行很好的交流。 In the case of news， this practice， in my view， results in inefficient communication. 我怀疑电视每晚的新闻节目真正能够被人吸收和理解的有多少。 I question how much of television's nightly news effort is really absorbable and understandable. 其中许多被形象地描述为“机关枪不连贯地点射”。 Much of it is what has been aptly described as “machine-gunning with scraps.” 我认为这种技术是与连贯性作对的。 I think the technique fights coherence. 我认为它最终会使事情变得枯燥乏味、无足轻重（除非伴以恐怖的画面），因为任何一件事，如果你对它几乎一无所知，那么它差不多总会是枯燥乏味、使人觉得无足轻重的。 I think it tends to make things ultimately boring and dismissible （unless they are accompanied by horrifying pictures） because almost anything is boring and dismissible if you know almost nothing about it. 我认为，电视迎合观众注意力跨度短的做法不仅会造成交流不畅，而且还会降低文化水平。 I believe that TV's appeal to the short attention span is not only inefficient communication but decivilizing as well. 想一想电视要达到的那些极不慎重的原则吧：必须避免复杂性，用视觉刺激来代替思考，语言的精确早已是不合时宜的要求。 Consider the casual assumptions that television tends to cultivate： that complexity must be avoided， that visual stimulation is a substitute for thought， that verbal precision is an anachronism. 它可能已过时，但我所受的教育告诉我思想就是语言，是按准确的语法规则组织起来的。 It may be old-fashioned， but I was taught that thought is words， arranged in grammatically precise 在美国存在着读写能力的危机。 There is a crisis of literacy in this country. 据一项研究估计，约有3000万美国成年人是“功能性文盲”。他们的读写能力无法回答招聘广告，或读懂药瓶上的说明。 One study estimates that some 30 million adult Americans are “functionally illiterate” and cannot read or write well enough to answer the want ad or understand the instructions on a medicine bottle. 能读写可能算不上是一项不可剥夺的人权，但是我们学识渊博的开国元勋们并不感到它是不合理的或者甚至是达不到的。 Literacy may not be an inalienable human right， but it is one that the highly literate Founding Fathers might not have found unreasonable or even unattainable. 从统计数字上看，我们的国家不仅未达到人人能读写的程度，而且离这一目标越来越远。 We are not only not attaining it as a nation， statistically speaking， but we are falling further and further short of attaining it. 尽管我不会天真到认为电视是造成这一情况的原因，但我却相信它起了一定的作用，是有影响的。 And， white I would not be so simplistic as to suggest that television is the cause， 1 believe it contributes and is an influence. 美国的一切：社会结构、家庭组织形式、经济、在世界上的地位，都变得更为复杂，而不是相反。 Everything about this nation —the structure of the society， its forms of family organization， its economy， its place in the world— has become more complex， not less. 然而其占主导地位的传播媒介，全国联系的主要方式，却在人类存在的问题上推销简单的解决方式，而这些问题通常是没有简单的解决方式的。 Yet its dominating communications instrument， its principal form of national linkage， is one that sells neat resolutions to human problems that usually have no neat resolutions. 在我的心目中，那30秒钟一个的商业广告：一位家庭主妇因选对了牙膏而感到幸福的那小小的戏剧性场面就是这一切的象征。电视已使这极其成功的艺术形式成为我们文化不可缺少的一个部分了。 It is all symbolized in my mind by the hugely successful art form that television has made central to the culture，the 30-second commercial： the tiny drama of the earnest housewife who finds happiness in choosing the right toothpaste. 在人类历，几时曾有这样多的人共同把自己这样多的业余时间奉送给一件玩具，一项大众娱乐？ When before in human history has so much humanity collectively surrendered so much of its leisure to one toy， one mass diversion？ 几时曾有一个国家使自己整个地置于商品推销媒介的摆布之下？ When before has virtually an entire nation surrendered itself whole-sale to a medium for selling？ 几年前，耶鲁大学的法学教授小查尔斯？L？布莱克写道：“……被喂食本身并不是件琐碎小事。” Some years ago Yale University law professor Charles L. Black. Jr.，wrote：“…… forced feeding on trivial fare is not itself a trivial matter-” 我认为我们这个社会正在强行被喂食。 I think this society is being forced-fed with trivial fare， 我担心这一做法对我们的思维习惯，对我们的语言、我们努力的极限度及对复杂情况的兴趣等方面所造成的影响，这一点我们还只是极模糊地意识到。 and I fear that the effects on our habits of mind， our language， our tolerance for effort， and our appetite for complexity are only dimly perceived. 就算我的看法不对，用怀疑和批判的眼光来分析这个问题，来考虑如何抵制它，也不会有任何害处。 If I am wrong， we will have done no harm to look at the issue skeptically and critically，to consider how we should be resisting it. I hope you will join with me in doing so.
lesson8-10 人生的一课 快一年了，大部分时间我都泡在家里、店铺、学校和教堂里，就像一块旧饼干，又脏又难以下咽。 For nearly a year， I sopped around the house， the Store， the school and the church， like an old biscuit， dirty and inedible. 这时我遇到或者说认识了抛给我第一根救生索的那位夫人。 Then I met， or rather got to know， the lady who threw me first lifeline. 波萨？弗劳尔斯夫人是斯坦普司黑人区中的出类拔萃的人物。 Mrs. Bertha Flowers was the aristocrat of Black Stamps. 她动作优雅，即使在最冷的天气里也不缩手缩脚，而在阿肯色州的夏日里，她似乎又有属于自己的微风环绕在她的身旁，给她带来凉爽。 She had the grace of control to appear warm in the coldest weather， and one the Arkansas summer days it seemed she had a private breeze which swirled around， cooling her. 她的皮肤深黑迷人，如果被挂住就会像李子皮一样剥落，但没有人敢离她近点，碰皱她的衣服，更不要说挂住她的皮肤了。 Her skin was a rich black that would have peeled like a plum if snagged， but then no one would have thought of getting close enough to Mrs. Flowers to ruffle her dress， let alone snag her skin. 她不太喜欢亲近，另外她还带着手套。 She didn't encourage familiarity. She wore gloves too. 她是我所知道的为数不多的有气质的女士之一，并且是我做人的楷模，影响了我一生。 She was one of the few gentlewomen I have ever known， and has remained throughout my life the measure of what a human being can be. 我被她深深地吸引，因为她像是我从没有亲身遇到过的那些人。 She appealed to me because she was like people I had never met personally. 她就像英国小说中的女人，走在沼泽地里（不管是什么地方），一群忠实的狗奔跑在她们的身旁，并与她们保持一定的距离以示尊敬。 Like women in English novels who walked the moors （whatever they were） with their loyal dogs racing at a respectful distance. 她就像坐在炉火熊熊的壁炉前的女人，不时从装满蛋糕和松脆饼的银盘中取东西喝。 Like the women who sat in front of roaring fireplaces， drinking tea incessantly from silver trays full of scones and crumpets. 她就像走在“石南丛生的荒野”中，读着用摩洛哥山羊皮装订的书的那些女人，而且有用连字符隔开的两个姓。 Women who walked over the “heath” and read morocco-bound books and had two last names divided by a hyphen. 可以肯定地说，是她本人使我为自己是个黑人而感到骄傲。 It would be safe to say that she made me proud to be Negro， just by being herself. 那个在我的记忆中如甜奶般鲜活的夏日的午后，她来我们的店里买东西。 One summer afternoon， sweet-milk fresh in my memory， she stopped at the Store to buy provisions. 换了另外一个同她身体情况和年龄相当的黑人妇女就会一只手把纸袋拎回家去，但奶奶却说，“弗劳尔斯大姐，让贝利帮你把东西送回家去。” Another Negro woman of her health and age would have been expected to carry the paper sacks home in one hand， but Momma said， “Sister Flowers， I'll send Bai-ley up to your house with these things.” “谢谢您，汉德森夫人。但我想让玛格丽特帮我送回去。” “Thank you， Mrs. Henderson. I'd prefer Marguerite， though.” 她说我名字时，我的名字也变得动听起来。 My name was beautiful when she said it. “反正我一直想跟她谈一谈。”她们互相对视了一下，其间的意思只有她们这些同龄人才明白。 “I've been mean-ins to talk to her， anyway.” They gave each other agegroup looks. 在石头路旁有一条小路，弗劳尔斯夫人在前面摆动着胳膊，在碎石路上小心地走着。 There was a little path beside the rocky road， and Mrs. Flowers walked in front swinging her arms and picking her way over the stones. 她没有回头，对我说，“听说你在学校里功课很好，玛格丽特，但那都是笔头作业。老师说他们很难让你在课堂上发言。” She said， without turning her head， to me， “I hear you're doing very good school work， Marguerite， but that it's all written. The teachers report that they have trouble getting you to talk in class. 我们走过左边三角形的农场，路变宽了，可以允许我们并排走在一起。但我畏缩地走在后面，想着那些没有问出口也无法回答的问题。 We passed the triangular farm on our left and the path widened to allow us to walk together. I hung back in the separate unasked and unanswerable questions. “过来和我一起走，玛格丽特。”我无法拒绝，尽管我很想。 “Come and walk along with me， Marguerite.” I couldn't have refused even if I wanted to. 她把我的名字叫得如此动听。或者更确切地说，她把每个词都说得这样清晰，我相信就是一个不懂英语的外国人也能听懂她的话。 She pronounced my name so nicely. Or more correctly， she spoke each word with such clarity that I was certain a foreigner who didn't understand English could have understood her. “现在没有人要强迫你说话——恐怕也没人能做到这一点。但是你记住，语言是人类进行沟通的方式，是语言将人类同低等动物区分开来。” “Now no one is going to make you talk —possibly no one can. But bear in mind， language is man's way of communicating with his fellow man and it is language alone which separates him from the lower animals.” 这对我来说是一个全新的观点，我需要些时间认真考虑一下。 That was a totally new idea to me， and I would need time to think about it. “你奶奶说你读了很多书，一有机会就读。这很好，但还不够好，言语的含义不仅是写在纸上的那点。它需要人的声音赋予它深层含义的细微差别。” “Your grandmother says you read a lot. Every chance you get. That's good， but not good enough. Words mean more than what is set down on paper. It takes the human voice to infuse them with the shades of deeper meaning. ” 我记住了有关声音赋予言语更多内涵的话。这些话听起来是那么正确，那么富有诗意。 I memorized the part about the human voice infusing words. It seemed so valid and poetic. 她说她要给我一些书，要我不仅阅读这些书，还要大声朗读。 She said she was going to give me some books and that I not only must read them， I must read them aloud. 她建议我用尽可能丰富的语调去读每一句话。 She suggested that i try to make a sentence sound in as many different ways as possible. “如果你草草读完这些书就还给我的话，我不接受任何理由。” “I'll accept no excuse if you return a book to me that has been badly handled.” 我想像不出如果我真的没有认真读弗劳尔斯夫人的某一本书，将会受到怎样的惩罚。让我去死恐怕是太仁慈太干脆了。 My imagination boggled at the punishment I would deserve if in fact I did abuse a book of Mrs. Flowers'。 Death would be too kind and brief. 房子里的气味让我有点吃惊。 The odors in the house surprised me. 不知什么缘故，我从来没有将弗劳尔斯夫人与食物、吃饭或是平常人的琐事联系起来。 Somehow I had never connected Mrs. Flowers with food or eating or any other common experience of common people. 那里一定也有户外厕所，但我一点也记不起来了。 There must have been an outhouse， too， but my mind never recorded it. 她打开门，香草的芬芳迎面扑来。 The sweet scent of vanilla had met us as she opened the door. “今天早上我做了些茶点。你瞧，我早打算好要请你来吃点心、柠檬水，这样我们就可以聊一会了。柠檬水正放在冰盒子里呢。” “I made tea cookies this morning. You see， I had planned to invite you for cookies and lemonade so we could have this little chat. The lemonade is in the icebox.” 这意味着弗劳尔斯夫人平时也买冰，而镇上大多数人家只是在星期六下午才买冰，放在木头做的冰淇凌冷藏机内，整个夏天也不过只买几次。 It followed that Mrs. Flowers would have ice on an ordinary day， when most families in our town bought ice late on Saturdays only a few times during the summer to be used in the wooden ice-cream freezers. “坐吧，玛格丽特，坐到那边桌子旁。” “Have a seat， Marguerite. Over there by the table.” 她端着一个用茶布盖着的盘。 She carried a platter covered with a tea towel. 尽管她事先说过她已经好久没有做点心了，我还是相信就像她的其他任何东西一样，点心也会十分精美可口。 Although she warned that she hadn't tried her hand at baking sweets for some time， I was certain that like everything else about her the cookies would be perfect. 我吃点心的时候，她开始给我讲我们后来称之为“我生活中的一课”的第一部分。 As I ate she began the first of what we later called “my lesson in living.” 她告诉我不能宽容无知，但可以理解文盲。 She said that must always be intolerant of ignorance but understanding of illiteracy. 她认为有些人虽然没有上过学，但却比大学教授更有知识，甚至更聪明。 That some people， unable to go to school， were more educated and even more intelligent than college professors. 她还鼓励我认真倾听被乡下人称为常识的一些俗语。她说这些朴实谚语是一代代人集体智慧的结晶。 She encouraged me to listen carefully to what country people called mother wit. That in those homely sayings was couched the collective wisdom of generations 我吃完点心后，她把桌子打扫干净，从书架上拿了一本又厚又小的书。 When I finished the cookies she brushed off the table and brought a thick， small book from the bookcase. 我读过《双城记》，认为这本书符合我心目中浪漫主义小说的标准。 I had read A Tale of Two Cities and found it up to my standards as a romantic novel. 她翻开第一页，于是我平生第一次听到了诗朗诵。 She opened the first page and I heard poetry for the first time in my life. “这是最辉煌的时代也是最糟糕的时代……”她的声音圆润，随着言语的起伏而抑扬顿挫，就像在唱歌一样。 “It was the best of times and the worst of times. . .” Her voice slid in and curved down through and over the words. She was nearly singing. 我想看一下她读的是否真的和我过去看的一样？ I wanted to look at the pages. Were they the same that I had read？ 还是像赞美诗一样，书页上满是音符？ Or were there notes， music， lined on the pages， as in a hymn book？ 她的声音开始慢慢低沉下来。 Her sounds began cascading gently. 我听过很多次布道，因此我知道她的朗诵就要结束了，但我还没有真正听见或听懂一个词。 I knew from listening to a thousand preachers that she was nearing the end of her reading， and I hadn't really heard， heard to understand， a single word. “你觉得怎么样？” “How do you like that？” 我这才意识到她在期待我的回答。 It occurred to me that she expected a response. 我的舌间还留有香草的余味，她的朗诵对我来说很奇妙。 The sweet vanilla flavor was still on my tongue and her reading was a wonder in my ears. 我得说点什么了。 I had to speak. 我说：“是的，夫人。”我至少得说这些，我也只能说这些。 I said， “Yea， ma'am.” It was the least I could do， but it was the most also. “还有一件事。你把这本诗集拿去，背下其中的一首。下次你再来看我时，我希望你背诵给我听。” 'There s one more thing. Take this book of poems and memorize one for me. Next time you pay me a visit， I want you to recite.“ 在经历了成年后的复杂生活后，我多次试图弄清楚为什么当年她送给我的礼物一下子就让我陶醉了。 I have tried often to search behind the sophistication of years for the enchantment I so easily found in those gifts. 书中的内容已经忘却，但余韵仍存。 The essence escapes but its aura remains. 被准许，不，是被邀请进入一群陌生人的私人生活中，与他们共同分享喜悦和恐惧，这使我读贝奥武夫时就犹如喝一杯蜜酒，读奥立佛？特威斯特时，犹如饮一杯热奶茶，忘记了那犹如南方苦艾酒般的痛苦经历。 To be allowed， no， invited， into the private lives of strangers， and to share their joys and fears， was a chance to exchange the Southern bitter wormwood for a cup of mead with Be-owulf or a hot cup of tea and milk with Oliver Twist. 当我大声地说“这比我做过的任何一件事都好得多”时，我眼中涌出了爱的泪水，那是为了自己的忘我 When I said aloud， “It is a far， far better thing that I do， than I have ever done…” tears of love filled my eyes at my selflessness. 在我第一次去她家回来，我跑下山去冲到马路上（路上很少有车经过），快到店铺时我还居然没忘了停下来。 On that first day， I ran down the hill and into the road （few cars ever came along it） and had the good sense to stop running before I reached the Store. 有人喜欢我，这是多么的不同啊。 was liked， and what a difference it made. 有人尊敬我，并不是因为我是汉德森夫人的外孙女或是贝利的妹妹，而是因为我是玛格丽特？约翰逊。 I was respected not as Mrs. Henderson's grandchild or Bailey's sister but for just being Marguerite Johnson. 孩提时的逻辑永远不需要证实（所有的结论都是绝对的）。 Childhood's logic never asks to be proved （all conclusions are absolute）。 我从来没有想过为什么弗劳尔斯夫人会选中我来表示关怀，也从来没想过也许是奶奶曾请求她开导我一下。 1 didn't question why Mrs. Flowers had singled me out for attention， nor did it occur to me that Momma might have asked her to give me a little talking to. 我只关心她曾给我做点心吃，还给我读她最喜欢的书。这些足以证明她喜欢我 All I cared about was that she had made tea cookies for me and read to me from her favorite book. It was enough to prove that she liked me. 奶奶和贝利在店铺里等我。 Momma and Bailey were waiting inside the Store. 他问：“她给了你什么？”他已经看到那些书了，但我把装着他那份点心的纸袋放在怀里，用诗集挡住。 He said. “My， what did she give you？” He had seen the books， but I held the paper sack with his cookies in my arms shielded by the poems. 奶奶说：“小姐，我知道你的举止像位女士。 Momma said， “Sister， I know you acted like a little lady. That do my heart good to see settled people take to you all. 我已经尽努力了，上帝知道，但这些天……“她的声音低下来，”快去把衣服换了。 I'm trying my best， the Lord knows， but these days…“ Her voice trailed off. ”Go on in and change your dress.
“much to+名词”是固定词组，可以表示“非常XX，十分XX”。例如：Much to her joy, she finally got engaged with him. Much to his anger, he found his wallet missing.
第十个人 Lesson Ten The Tenth Man 就在第二天下午3点（闹钟上的时间），一个军官走进了牢房。这是他们几星期以来见到的第一位军官。他非常年轻，甚至小胡子的形状也显示出他不够老练，左边的胡子剃得重了点。 It was at three the next afternoon （alarm clock time） that an officer entered the cell； the first officer they had seen for weeks – and this one was very young， with inexperience even in the shape of his mustache which he had shaved too much on the left side. 他就像一个初次登台领奖的小学生一样窘迫不安，他说起话来粗鲁无礼，似乎要显示一种他并不具备的力量。 He was as embarrassed as a schoolboy making his first entry on a stage at a prize-giving， and he spoke abruptly so as to give the impression of a strength he did not possess. 他说道：“昨天夜间城里发生了几起谋杀，一名军事长官的副手、一位中士和一个骑自行车的女孩被杀。”他又说道：“我们不在乎女孩的死。法国男人杀死法国女人不关我们的事。” He said， “There were murders last night in the town. The aide-de-camp of the military governor， a sergeant and a girl on a bicycle.” He added， “We don't complain about the girl. Frenchmen have our permission to kill Frenchwomen.” 很明显他事先仔细斟酌了他的讲话，但他的嘲弄做过了头，他的表演也很业余。 He had obviously thought up his speech carefully beforehand， but the irony was overdone and the delivery that of an amateur actor： 整个场面就像手势字谜游戏那样矫饰做作。 the whole scene was as unreal as a charade. 他接着说道：“你们知道自己为什么来这里，你们在这里好吃好喝，过着舒适的日子，而我们的人却在工作和战斗。不过现在你们必须付出代价了。不要怪我们，要怪你们自己的杀人凶手。我的命令是集中营里每十个人要有一个被枪决。你们有多少人？”“报数。”他厉声喝道人们闷闷不乐地照办了。“28，29，30.”人们知道不用数他也知道人数，这不过是他玩的把戏中不可省略的一句台词…… He said， “You know what you are here for， living comfortably， on fine rations， while our men work and fight. Well， now you've got to pay the hotel bill. Don't blame us. Blame your own murderers. My orders are that one man in every ten shall be shot in this camp. How many of you are there？” He shouted sharply， “Number off，” and sullenly they obeyed， “…… twenty-eight， twenty-nine， thirty.” They knew he knew without counting. This was just a line in his charade he couldn't sacrifice. 他说道：“那么，你们的名额是三个，我们并不关心是哪三个人。你们可以自己选择。死刑于明天早上7点执行。” He said， “Your allotment then is three. We are quite indifferent as to which three. You can choose for yourselves. The funeral rites will begin at seven tomorrow morning.” 他玩的把戏结束了，人们可以听到他的脚步响亮地敲击着沥青路渐渐远去。 The charade was over： they could hear his feet striking sharply on the asphalt going away. 查维尔忽然很想知道他打的手势是什么字。要他们猜的是不是“夜间”，“姑娘”，“旁边”或“30”。不，不是。谜底肯定是“人质”。 Chavel wondered for a moment what syllable had been acted —“night，”“girl，”“aside，” or perhaps “thirty，” but it was of course the whole word—“hostage. ” 牢房里很长时间没人说话。后来一个叫克拉夫的阿尔萨斯人开口道：“好了，我们有人自愿吗？” The silence went on a long time， and then a man called Krogh， an Alsatian， said， “Well， do we have to volunteer？” “废话。”一个职员说道。他是一个上了年纪的戴着夹鼻眼镜的老头。他接着说道：“没人会自愿，我们必须抽签。除非有人认为应按年龄决定——最老的先死。” “Rubbish，” said one of the clerks， a thin elderly man in pince-nez， “nobody will volunteer. We must draw lots.” He added， “Un-less it is thought that we should go by ages —the oldest first. ” “不，不行。”另一个人说道，“那不公平。” “No， no，” one of the others said， “that would be unjust. ” “这是自然规律。” “It's the way of nature.” “那算什么自然规律。”又一个人说道，“我有个女儿，5岁时就死了。” “Not even the way of nature，” another said. “1 had a child who died when she was five……” “我们必须抽签。”市长坚定地说。 “We must draw lots，” the mayor said firmly. “只有这样才公正。”他坐在那里，双手依然紧贴在肚子上，遮挡着他的怀表，但是整个牢房里都能听见怀表清脆的滴答声。 “It is the only fair thing.” He sat with his hands still pressed over his stomach， hiding his watch， but all through the cell you could hear its blunt tick lock tick. 他接着又说道：“由未婚者抽签，已婚者除外，他们有责任。” He added， “On the unmarried. The married should not be included. They have responsibilities… “哈，哈！”皮埃尔说道，“我们明白了。为什么已婚者就应逃脱？他们的事儿已经做完了。当然，你结婚了吧？” “Ha， ha，” Pierre said， “we see through that. Why should the married get off？ Their work's finished. You， of course， are married？” “我的妻子不在了。”市长说，“我现在是未婚，你呢？” “I have lost my wife，” the mayor said， “I am not married now. And you…” “结了。”皮埃尔答道。 “Married，” Pierre said. 市长开始解下怀表。发现皮埃尔处境安全，他似乎更坚信作为怀表的主人自己必定是下一个牺牲者。 The mayor began to undo his watch； the discovery that his rival was safe seemed to confirm his belief that as the owner of time he was bound to be the next victim. 他环顾了每一个人，然后选择了查维尔。也许是因为只有他穿着西服背心适合戴表链。他说道：“查维尔先生，我想让你替我拿着怀表，万一……” He looked from face to face and chose Chavel， perhaps because he was the only man with a waistcoat fit to take the chain. He said， “Monsieur Chavel， I want you to hold this watch for me in case…” “你找别人吧！”查维尔说，“我还没结婚呢。” “you'd better choose someone else，” Chavel said. “I am not married.” 那个老职员又开口了，“我结婚了，我有权说话。 The elderly clerk spoke again. He said， “I'm married. I've got the right to speak. 我们正把一切引向歧途。这不是我们最后一次抽签。如果这儿有一个特权阶层——那些最终将活着的人，大家想想，牢房里会是什么样子。你们其他人很快就会痛恨我们。你们害怕，而我们将不再担心。“ We are going the wrong way about all this. Everyone must draw lots. This isn't the last draw we shall have， and picture to yourselves what it will be like in this cell if we have a privileged class —the ones who are left to the end. The rest of you will soon begin to hate us. We shall be left out of your fear. . . “ “他说得对。”皮埃尔说。 “He's right，” Pierre said. 市长重新握紧了怀表，说道：“就照你们的主意办。要是能够这样征税的话……”他做了个绝望的手势。 The mayor refastened his watch. “Have it your own way，” he said. “But if the taxes were levied like this…” He gave a gesture of despair. “我们如何抽签？”克拉夫问道。 “How do we draw？” Krogh asked. 查维尔答道：“最快的办法就是从一只鞋里抽出画有记号的纸条。” Chavel said， “The quickest way would be to draw marked papers out of a shoe. . .” 克拉夫轻蔑地说：“那么快干吗？对于我们当中几个人来说这可是最后一次赌博了。我们蛮可以享受一番。我提议赌抛硬币。” Krogh said contemptuously， “Why the quickest way？ This is the last gamble some of us will have. We may as well enjoy it. I say a coin.” “这不好。”那个职员说，“抛硬币不是一个公平、合理的办法。” “It won't work，” the clerk said. “You can't get a even chance with a coin.” “惟一的办法就是抽签。”市长说道。 “The only way is to draw，” the mayor said. 职员开始为抽签做准备，为此他牺牲了一封家信。 The clerk prepared the draw， sacrificing for it one of his letters from home. 他很快地看了一遍信，然后把它撕成30张小纸条。 He read it rapidly for the last time， and then tore it into thirty pieces. 他用铅笔在其中三张上画上十字，然后把每张纸条都叠上。 On three pieces he made a cross in pencil， and then folded each piece. 他接着说：“克拉夫的鞋。”大家把纸条放在地下搅乱，然后装进了鞋子里。 “Krogh's got the biggest shoe，” he said. They shuffled the pieces on the floor and then dropped them into the shoe. “我们按姓氏的字母顺序抽签。”市长说。 “We'll draw in alphabetical order，” the mayor said. “从Z开始抽。”查维尔说道。他的安全感开始动摇了。他急切想喝点什么，用手指从嘴唇上撕下一小块干皮。 “Z first，” Chavel said. His feeling of security was shaken. He wanted a drink badly. He picked at a dry piece of skin on his lip. “就按你说的办。”卡车司机说道，“有人排在维尔森前面吗？我先抽。” “As you wish，” the lorry driver said. “Anybody beat Voisin？ Here goes. 他用手在鞋子里小心地掏，就像是要掏到他心里想要的那张。 “He thrust his hand into the shoe and made careful excavations as though he had one particular scrap of paper in mind. 他抽出一张，打开，怔怔地看着，然后说了声：“完了。”他坐下来，摸出一支香烟放到嘴里，却忘了点火。 He drew one out， opened it， and gazed at it with astonishment. He said， “This is it.” He sat down and felt for a cigarette， but when he got it between his lips he forgot to light it. 查维尔心中充满了巨大而又令他感到羞耻的快乐。 Chavel was filled with a huge and shameful joy. 看来自己得救了。剩下二十九个人抽签，而只有两张带有记号的纸条。 It seemed to him that already he was saved —twenty - nine men to draw and only two marked papers left. 抽中死签的可能性突然变得对他有利，从10比1变成了14比1.经营蔬菜水果的商人也抽了一张，然后漫不经心、毫无表情地示意自己平安无事。 The chances had suddenly grown in his favor from ten to one to—fourteen to one： the greengrocer had drawn a slip and indicated carelessly and without pleasure that he was safe. 的确，从抽第一张签时人们就忌讳任何喜形于色的表现，一个人不能以任何宽慰的举动去嘲弄注定要死的人。 Indeed from the first draw any mark of pleasure was taboo： one couldn't mock the condemned man by any sign of relief. 查维尔胸中有一种隐隐约约的不安——还不是恐惧，像是一种压抑感。 Again a dull disquiet —ii couldn't yet be described as a fear—exended its empire over Chavel's chest. 当第六个人抽到空白纸条时，他发现自己在打哈欠；当第十个人——就是大家称作雅维耶的那个人抽完签后，他的心中又充满了某中怨愤的情绪。现在抽中死签的机会同开始时一样了。 It was like a constriction： he found himself yawning as the sixth man drew a blank slip， and a sense of grievance nagged at his mind when the tenth man bad drawn—it was the one they called Janvier—and the chances were once again the same as when the draw started. 有的人抽出他们手指碰到的第一张纸条；有的人似乎怀疑命运企图将某一张纸条强加于他们，所以他们刚刚从鞋里抽出一张，就又扔回去，再另换一张。 Some men drew the first slip which touched their fingers； others seemed to suspect tha t fate was trying to force on them a particular slip and when they bad drawn one a little way from the shoe would let it drop again and choose another. 时间过得很慢，令人难以置信。那个叫做维尔森的人靠墙坐着，嘴里叼着仍未点燃的香烟，对一切都不再在意。 Time passed with incredible slowness， and the man called Voisin sat against the wall with the unlighted cigarette in his mouth paying them no attention at all. 就在生存的机会逐渐变小，抽中死签的可能性达到八分之一时，一个叫做勒诺特的上年纪的职员抽中了第二张死签。 The chances had narrowed to one in eight when the elderly clerk —his name was Lenotre—drew the second slip. 他清了清喉咙，戴上夹鼻眼镜，好像要确认自己没有看错。“喂，维尔森先生，我能加入吗？”他带着淡淡的微笑说道。 He cleared his throat and put on his pince-nez as though he had to make sure he was not mistaken. “Ah， Monsieur Voisin，” he said with a thin undecided smile， “May I join you？” 令人难以琢磨的机会再次以绝对对查维尔有利的优势朝他走来，抽中死签的可能性只有十五分之一，可他这次却没有丝毫欣慰，他被普通百姓所具有的勇气所震撼，他想让这一切尽快结束，就像一副扑克玩得太久了，他只希望有人离开牌桌，结束牌局。 This time Chavel felt no joy even though the elusive odds were back again overwhelmingly in his favor at fifteen to one； he was daunted by the courage of common men. He wanted the whole thing to be over as quickly as possible： like a game of cards which has gone on too long， he only wanted someone to make a move and break up the table. 勒诺特在维尔森身边靠墙坐下，他翻过纸条，背面是信中的一点内容，“是你妻子的？”维尔森问道。“是我女儿的。”勒诺特答道，“请原谅。”他起身走到自己的铺盖处，抽出一本便笺，回到维尔森身边开始写起来。他不慌不忙，认认真真地写下一串纤细而清晰的字迹。 。 Lenotre， sitting down against the wall next to Voisin， turned the slip over： on the back was a scrap of writing. Your-wife？“ Voisin said. “My daughter，” Lenotre said. “Excuse me.” He went over to his roll of bedding and drew out a writing pad. Then he sat down next to Voisin and began to write， carefully， without hurry， a thin legible hand. 这时中死签的概率又回到了10比1. The odds were back to ten to one. 从那时起，对查维尔来说，抽中死签的可能性似乎以一种不可避免的可怕趋势发生着变化。 From that point the odds seemed to move toward Chavel with a dreadful inevitability： 9比1，8比1，抽中死签的可能性好像指向了他。 nine to one， eight to one； they were like a pointing finger. 剩下的人抽得越来越快，越来越随便。 The men who were left drew more quickly and more carelessly： 在查维尔看来，他们似乎都知道了某种秘密，知道他会抽到死签。 they seemed to Chavel to have some inner information —to know that he was the one. 轮到他抽签时，只剩下了3张纸，留给他的机会这么少，在他看来真是不公平。 When his time came to draw there were only three slips left ， and it appeared to Chavel a monstrous injustice that there were so few choices left for him. 他从鞋中抽出一张，接着又认定这是同伴的意志强加给他的，一定有十字。于是他把它放回去，另抽了一张。 He drew one out of the shoe and then feeling certain that this one had been willed on him by his companions and contained the penciled cross he threw it back and snatched another. “律师，你偷看了。”剩下的两个人中有一个大声说道，但另一个让他安静下来。 “You looked， lawyer，” one of the two men exclaimed， but the other quieted him. “他没有偷看，他抽到的是有记号的。” “He didn't look. He's got the marked one now.” “不，不。”查维尔把纸条扔到地上，开始大叫：“我从来就没有同意，你们不能让我替别人去死。” “No，” Chavel said， “no.” He threw the slip upon the ground and cried， “I never consented to the draw. You can't make me die for the rest of you. . . ” 大家惊讶地看着他，但并没有敌意。 They watched him with astonishment but without enmity. 他是一个出身高贵的人。人们没有用自己的标准去衡量他，因为他属于一个别人难以理解的阶层。人们甚至没有把他的行为与胆怯联系起来。 He was a gentleman. They didn't judge him by their own standards： he belonged to an unaccountable class and they didn't at first even attach the idea of cowardice to his actions. “听我说，”查维尔一边哀求，一边举起那张纸条。大家既惊奇又好奇地看着他。“谁接受这张纸条，我就给他10万法郎。” “Listen，” Chavel implored them. He held out the slip of paper and they all watched him with compassionate curiosity. “I'll give a hundred thousand francs to anyone who'll take this.” 他快速移动着小步地从一个人面前走到另一个人面前，朝每一个人展示那张小纸条，好像是拍卖会上的服务员。 He took little rapid steps from one man to another， showing each man the bit of paper as if he were an attendant at an auction. “10万法郎。”他恳求道。人们感到震惊，同样又感到一丝怜悯：他是他们之中惟一的有钱人，这是与众不同之处。 “A hundred thousand francs，” he implored， and they watched him with a kind of shocked pity： he was the only rich man among them and this was a unique situation. 人们无法去比较，只能认定这就是他那个阶层的特点，这犹如一个在异国港口下船就餐的旅游者能从一个碰巧与他同桌的狡猾商人身上总结出该国的国民性格。 They had no means of comparison and assumed that this was a characteristic of his class， just as a traveler stepping off the liner at a foreign port for luncheon sums up a nation's character forever in the wily businessman who happens to share the table with him.
青年人的四种选择 Lesson 2 Four Choices for Young People 在毕业前不久，斯坦福大学四年级主席吉姆？宾司给我写了一封信，信中谈及他的一些不安。 Shortly before his graduation， Jim Binns， president of the senior class at Stanford University， wrote me about some of his misgivings. 他写道：“与其他任何一代人相比，我们这一代人在看待成人世界时抱有更大的疑虑……同时越来越倾向于全盘否定成人世界。” “More than any other generation，” he said， “our generation views the adult world with great skepticism… there is also an increased tendency to reject completely that world.” 很明显，他的话代表了许多同龄人的看法。 Apparently he speaks for a lot of his contemporaries. 在过去的几年里，我倾听过许多年轻人的谈话，他们有的还在大学读书，有的已经毕业，他们对于成人的世界同样感到不安。 During the last few years， I have listened to scores of young people， in college and out， who were just as nervous about the grown world. 大致来说，他们的态度可归纳如下：“这个世界乱糟糟的，到处充满了不平等、贫困和战争。对此该负责的大概应是那些管理这个世界的成年人吧。如果他们不能做得比这些更好，他们又能拿什么来教育我们呢？这样的教导，我们根本不需要。” Roughly， their attitude might be summed up about like this： “The world is in pretty much of a mess， full of injustice， poverty， and war. The people responsible are， presumably， the adults who have been running thing. If they can't do better than that， what have they got to teach our generation？ That kind of lesson we can do without.” 我觉得这些结论合情合理，至少从他们的角度来看是这样的。 There conclusions strike me as reasonable， at least from their point of view. 对成长中的一代人来说，相关的问题不是我们的社会是否完美（我们可以想当然地认为是这样），而是应该如何去应付它。 The relevant question for the arriving generation is not whether our society is imperfect （we can take that for granted）， but how to deal with it. 尽管这个社会严酷而不合情理，但它毕竟是我们惟一拥有的世界。 For all its harshness and irrationality， it is the only world we've got. 因此，选择一个办法去应付这个社会是刚刚步入成年的年轻人必须作出的第一个决定，这通常是他们一生中最重要的决定。 Choosing a strategy to cope with it， then， is the first decision young adults have to make， and usually the most important decision of their lifetime. 根据我的发现，他们的基本选择只有四种： So far as I have been able to discover， there are only four basic alternatives： 1）脱离传统社会 1）Drop Out 这是最古老的方法之一，任何年龄的人无论在任何地方，也无论是否使用迷幻剂都可以采用。 This is one of the oldest expedients， and it can be practiced anywhere， at any age， and with or without the use of hallucinogens. 那些认为这个世界残酷、复杂得令人难以忍受的人通常会选择这个办法。 It always has been the strategy of choice for people who find the world too brutal or too complex to be endured. 实质上，这是一种寄生式的生活方式，采取此策略的人通过这样或那样的方式寄生于这个他们蔑视的社会，并且拒绝对这个社会承担责任 By definition， this way of life is parasitic. In one way or another， its practitioners batten on the society which they scorn and in which they refuse to take any responsibility. 我们中的一些人对此很厌恶——认为这种生活方式很不光彩。 Some of us find this distasteful – an undignified kind of life. 但对于那些卑微、懒惰又缺乏自尊的人来说，这也许是可行的最可以忍受的选择了。 But for the poor in spirit， with low levels of both energy and pride， it may be the least intolerable choice available. 2）逃避现实社会 2） Flee 这个策略早在远古就有先例。 This strategy also has ancient antecedents. 自文明诞生以来，就有人企图逃避文明社会，希望寻求一种更为朴素、更富田园风情、更为宁静的生活。 Ever since civilization began， certain individuals have tried to run away from it in hopes of finding a simpler， more pastoral， and more peaceful life. 与那些脱离传统社会的人不同，这些人不是寄生者。他们愿意自食其力，愿意为社会作出贡献，可是他们就是不喜欢这个文明世界的环境。确地说，不喜欢这充满丑恶和紧张的大都市。 Unlike the dropouts， they are not parasites. They are willing to support themselves and to contribute something to the general community， but they simply don't like the environment of civilization； that is， the city， with all its ugliness and tension. 这种方法的问题在于无法大规模地进行实践。 The trouble with this solution is that it no longer is practical on a large scale. 不幸的是，在我们的地球上，高尚的野蛮人和未被破坏的自然景色已越来越少；除了两极地区以外已经没有未开发的土地了。 Our planet， unfortunately， is running out of noble savages and unsullied landscaped； except for the polar regions， the frontiers are gone. 少数富有的乡绅还可以逃避现实去过田园生活——但总的说来，迁移的潮流是向相反的方向流动。 A few gentleman farmers with plenty of money can still escape to the bucolic life – but in general the stream of migration is flowing the other way. 3）策划革命 Plot a Revolution 在对民主进程单调乏味的运作方式毫无耐心或相信只有武力才能改变基本社会制度的那些人中，这一策略颇受欢迎。 This strategy is always popular among those who have no patience with the tedious working of the democratic process or who believe that basic institutions can only be changed by force. 它吸引了每一代年轻人中那些更为活跃和更具理想主义的人。 It attracts some of the more active and idealistic young people of every generation. 对他们来说，这种策略具有浪漫的吸引力，通常以某位魅力非凡且令人振奋的人物为其象征。 To them it offers a romantic appeal， usually symbolized by some dashing and charismatic figure. 这一策略简单明了并具有更大的吸引力：“既然这个社会已经无可救药，那就让我们砸碎它，在它的废墟上面建一个更好的社会。” It has the even greater appeal of simplicity： “Since this society is hopelessly bad， let's smash it and build something better on the ruins.” 我的朋友中有些是革命者，他们中的一些人过得相当满足。 Some of my best friends have been revolutionists， and a few of them have led reasonably satisfying lives. 这部分人其实是那些革命并未成功的人，他们可以继续兴高采烈地策划*，直至老态龙钟。 These are the ones whose revolutions did not come off； they have been able to keep on cheerfully plotting their holocausts right into their senescence. 另外一些人年纪轻轻就死了，死在监狱里或街垒旁。 Others died young， in prison or on the barricades. 但最不幸的是那些革命成功的人。 But the most unfortunate are those whose revolutions have succeeded. 他们极度失望，看到他们*的权力机构又被新机构所替代，而新机构依旧是那样冷酷，那样毫无生机。 They lived in bitter disillusionment， to see the establishment they had overthrown replaced by a new one， just as hard-faced and stuffy. 当然，我并不是说革命一无所成。 I am not， of course， suggesting that revolutions accomplish nothing. 一些革命（美国革命，法国革命）确实将事情变得越来越好。 Some （The American Revolution， the French Revolution） clearly do change things for the better. 我只是想说革命无论成败，那些策划革命的革命者们都注定要失望。 My point is merely that the idealists who make the revolution are bound to be disappointed in either case. 因为胜利的曙光无论如何也不会照耀在他们梦想中的那个摆脱了人类一切卑劣的灿烂的新世界上。 For at best their victory never dawns on the shining new world they had dreamed of， cleansed of all human meanness. 相反，它照在了一个熟悉的平庸的地方，这个地方仍旧需要食品杂货和污水排放。 Instead it dawns on a familiar， workaday place， still in need of groceries and sewage disposal.
自考英语翻译题复习备考技巧 一、重点把握书上的内容 考试是以书本的知识为主要依据，特别是书的一些重点篇目。本书多年以来的考试侧重点在经济、政治、法律、科技、文化这样几个主题上，一般来说，文学的两个单元考试的内容最少，但是这两个单元每年也都是有题的。所以，如果在没有时间再复习其他单元的情况下，还是以经济，政治，法律这三个单元为重点突破口，包括书上的课文和练习，以及练习册上的练习。 二、紧跟考点制定复习策略 把书上的东西完全弄懂，技巧掌握一些，课外的翻译适当的训练，积极认真准备词汇，这样这门考试肯定可以通过。词汇和结构谁更重要?其实真正的翻译考试是重在语法和结构，但是近两年以来的考试，大家可以发现有点类似于高级英语当中词义辨析，而且结构题越来越少。这个重大转变一定要牢记在心。 三、灵活的处理课外考点 其实这是一个老生常谈的事情，以前显得没有这么重要，原因在于课外的内容特别少，但是这两年随着课外知识的越来越多，让大家也是很头疼。我想只要大家能把书上的内容弄得特别清楚，那么一般的翻译文章都不会有书上的那么难。而且一二两大题都是选择题，这其中又有很多的技巧可言。书上的翻译原句中多含有两个以上的考点，但是课外的句子一般只有一个考点，而且这种考点无非就是词汇意思的掌握和简单的句与句之间的联系。而句与句之间的关系我曾经说过就是时间、原因、并列、让步这几个，不会再难了。第三题的词汇翻译都是集中在政治，经济，文化，法律和环保这几个领域中的。 所以大家在看课后的一些专有名词的时候需要格外的关注，而且两年以来政治词汇考得特别多，今年会不会还考这些词很难说。自考/成考有疑问、不知道如何总结自考/成考考点内容、不清楚自考/成考报名当地政策，点击底部咨询官网，免费领取复习资料：
今天教务老师给大家收集整理了英语二自考教材翻译题型，2015英语二新题型翻译的相关问题解答，还有免费的自考历年真题及自考复习重点资料下载哦，以下是全国我们为自考生们整理的一些回答，希望对你考试有帮助！自考本科中的英语2难吗？有一定难度，自考英语二应该与大专的英语水平相当，比大学英语四级稍微简单一些。英语二是自考本科必考的科目，只有通过英语二才能拿到学位证书。自考需要很好很强大的自学能力和理解能力，需要很强悍的毅力，自考有主考院校，不是像高考一样，主要院校是固定的，是发给你毕业证的学校。考试要求：1、是词汇约3800个(其中中学阶段所学词汇1600个)，词组约750个，阅读量为50000余词。2、是对语法的整个体系(词法和句法)有比较清晰的概念，掌握词形变化规则，了解词和词组在句子中的作用、句子和分句的结构和功能并能在阅读和汉译英中实际运用。3、是阅读能力上要求能读懂与所学教材最后一册课文难易程度相当的一般性材料。阅读生词不超过总词数3%的材料，阅读速度要达到70词/分钟，理解正确率在70%以上。4、是能把结构不太复杂的句子译成英语。5、是虽没有听力和写作，但是有专门的语法和词汇题型。考试题型：英语二满分为100分，题型有：阅读判断、阅读选择、概括段落大意及补全句子、填句补文、填词补文、完形补文和短文写作，共七个大题。1、阅读判断阅读判断是试卷的第一题，会给你一个短文，根据文章内容对每个句子做出判断。做这个题目的重点是抓住关键词，根据文章内容作为答题依据。2、阅读选择阅读选择不是简单的判断对错，而是从4个选项中挑选出最佳选项，这种属于细节题。3、概括段落大意及补全句子概括段落大意是根据段落的意思，选择符合句意的词语。其中要非常注意段落的主题，做题时可先快速浏览一下文章，大致清楚文章讲的主旨是什么，再看选项。补全句子是需要从六个选项中选择五个选项填入对应句子，将其补全。这个的考点其实也非常固定化，一般是六种。4、填句补文这个是将六个句子选项填入短文中的五处空白从而让短文恢复原貌。尤其要注意空格前后的信息和关键词。即使读不懂文章，也要能看懂特殊的关联词，搞清楚带有转承关系的句子以及特殊标点的句子。5、填词补文这个题型对大家的词汇量要求比较高，尤其是词性的把握。最好在做题前先分析每一填空所需词汇的词性，到底是名词、动词、形容词还是副词，哪怕你看不懂文章也可以帮你快速排除错误答案。6、完形补文这个很像完形填空，根据上下文，填写单词的正确形式，进而补全文章，这里就涉及到语法知识了，如果语法薄弱的话，需要具体补一补了。7、短文写作作文写作字数一般要求在100词左右。根据指定的话题完成写作任务。要想作文得高分，考前大量作文模版的背诵是必不可少了。2016自考英语二有哪些题型，分值多少？2016自考英语二有以下题型：选择题非选择题。扩展资料：参加全国高等教育自学考试，且选择的是英语专业，简称为自考英语。本专业培养具有扎实的英语语言基础和比较广泛的科学文化知识，能在外事、经贸、文化、新闻出版、教育、科研、旅游等部门从事翻译、研究、教学、管理工作的英语高级专门人才。考生可以到市、县(区)自学考试办公室指定报名报考点报名报考，也可通过互联网或电话报名报考。首次参加自学考试的新生须先办理报名手续，然后才可办理报考手续。旧生在每次考试前只须按规定时间办理报考手续。四川2014年一月自考英语2有哪些题型？四川2014年一月自考英自考英语二，从去年改版后，出现两种版本的全国卷，一种是有单词拼写和英译汉，一种是没有单词拼写但是有作文。原自考英语考试题型：1、单项选择题10题，10分2、阅读理解15题，30分3、完形填空10题，10分4、词形变换20题，10分5、汉译英5题，15分6、英译汉1题，15分2013年10月自考英语题型调整为1、阅读判断10题，10分该项实则为判断题，正确选A，错误选B，没有提及选C，所以永远没有D选项哦2、阅读理解5题，10分该项大家都很熟悉，但较之以往考试，分值大大降低3、概况段落大意和补全句子10题，10分4、填句补文5题，10分5、填词补文10题，15分6、完型补文10题，15分，相当于之前的完形填空7、作文30分山东自考英语二课文翻译打开手机浏览器，输入爱问手机版地址在页面上就可以看见爱问知识人手机版的链接。点击进入后，使用您在爱问知识人的用户名和密码，就可以登录并提交问题和回答了。您也可以在手机浏览器地址栏直接输入进入爱问知识人手机版。自考/成考有疑问、不知道自考/成考考点内容、不清楚当地自考/成考政策，点击底部咨询官网老师，免费领取复习资料：
1词汇记忆自考综合英语二的词汇要求是3800词，词组750。是不是说只要背一册书的词汇就行了呢，答案肯定是不够的，因为词汇没有说只考下册，上册也要背。但是有人说我短期内怎么记住这些大量的词汇呢?大家词汇学习第一个应该是有一定的时间。词汇是一个积累的过程，因为从心理学角度来讲学词汇有两个方向，一个方向是要把词汇学习的时候印象深刻，一个词能够像串葡萄似的串出一串来，比如同义词、反义词、近义词，应该把有关联的词相互记忆。第二，词汇一定得重复，从心理学角度学词必须这样。所以说词汇的记忆需要大量的时间来积累，大家可以把零碎的时间都利用起来。2灵活运用英语是一种语言，任何语言都是由词和句子构成的，所以光会了词，不会把这些词组成句子是不行的，但是我们怎么把这些英语单词组成句子呢？首先我们要先了解组成句子的规则，还有一些习惯用法，必须要了解这种语言的文化，所以说学英语光学词是不行的，因此是除了学词以外还得学词的用法以及文化，习惯用法就是一种文化，死背根本记不住。其实背的这个词应该是灵活的，首先要知道词性是什么，做个句子，学了一个词不会做句子造一个短语，所以说学习词汇的一个技巧就是要组一个词或者组一个短语，这样记忆比光看两遍、写几遍要好得多。总而言之需要大家灵活的去记忆，发散自己的思维去记忆学习。3考前冲刺备考最后的一段时间最好的方法应该是做冲刺的题目，所谓冲刺的题目就是要做一些题目跟考试的真题一样的，每一部分都是给自己做测试，做模拟题。笔果题库就是你最好的考前神器！比如要设定时间是2个半小时，考试是2个半小时，你就要用2个半小时做模拟卷然后做考试题，因为考试的真题都有答案，最后对一下答案看得多少分。在不断联系中不断总结归纳，了解自己的短板并改正过来才是比较好的复习方法。成功没有捷径要想有收获就必须加倍努力愿在自考路上的各位同学：奋勇直前!逢考必过!
高级英语：第一部分是填空，课本上的原文，第二部分是选择，课本上的c部分，但不是原题，下部分是阅读，包括选择，翻译，写作。最后一部分是课本翻译。
高级英语之前过了，这门课我没有用任何辅导材料，一直在看教材。个人感觉背课文太累，时间也来不及。因为这门课考完很久，有些已经记不清，所以我只能回忆个大概，高级英语中考到课文内容的主要有选择题、选词填空和最后的翻译题。选择题虽然不是直接摘自课文，但几个选项中出现的词都是课文中出现过的，只要理解课文内容，对一些重要词汇熟悉，选择题的问题不大；选词填空直接摘自课文，并且只要填字母，因此只要看过课文，对课文有个大致的印象，这题也不难；翻译题我印象中几乎是课文里有的，如果对课文内容不熟悉，可以用自己的方式去表达。自考高级英语中的阅读题是课外的，重在平时的课外积累。高级英语的课文有一定的难度，因此学这门课之前最好有一定的英语基础，否则理解起来会很困难。网上有课文的音频和翻译，多花时间去准备，考试一般都能通过的。
“那恐怕不容易吧?” “是不容易，夫人。邻近各州——得克萨斯、阿肯色、密西西比、亚拉巴马以及其余各州都会密切注意搜寻一辆损坏得像你们那辆一样的汽车。” 公爵夫人沉思起来。“有没有可能先修理一下呢?如果能把车子悄悄修理一下，我们会出大价钱。” 探长使劲摇着头。“那样的话，还不如现在就去警察局投案自首。路易斯安那州境内的每一家修车铺都已接到通知，一旦发现像你们那样需要修理的汽车送来修理，立即向警方报告。他们也都会照办的，你们的事谁都知道。” “你说警方拿到了我们车上掉下来的一件东西，它叫什么来着？” “框圈。” “它会成为追查的线索吗?” 欧吉维肯定地点了点头。“他们能查出它是从什么样的汽车上掉下来的——生产厂家，车型，也许还能查出出厂年份，或者是大致的出厂时间。那车灯玻璃碎片也可以起到同样作用。但由于你们的车子是外国的，查起来可能得花几天的工夫。” “几天过后，”她追问道，“警方就会知道他们要找的是一辆美洲虎吗?” “我想是这样。” 今天是星期二。从这家伙所讲的情况看来，他们最多只能拖到星期五或星期六。公爵夫人冷静地盘算了一番：现在需要解决的是一个关键的问题。假使买通了这个旅馆侦探，他们唯一的一个机会——一个渺茫的机会——就在于迅速将汽车弄走。若能弄到北方某个大城市里去，那儿人们不知道新奥尔良发生的这起车祸和警方的搜查行动，车子可以在那里悄悄修好，这样罪证也就消灭了。那么，即使以后再怀疑到克罗伊敦夫妇头上，也找不到什么真凭实据。但车子如何才能弄走呢? 毫无疑问，这个粗俗愚笨的侦探说的是真话：要想把车子开到北方，沿途所要经过的各州都会像路易斯安那州一样警惕和注意的，所有的公路巡警都会留心注意一辆前灯撞破、框圈掉落的车子，也许还会设有路障。要想不被某个目光锐利的警察抓到，谈何容易。 但这还是有可能做得到的，只要能够趁着黑夜行车，而白天里将汽车隐藏起来。有许多偏僻地方远离公路，不会受人注意。这样做可能要冒风险，但总比在这里坐等受擒要强些。也许有些乡间小路可走，为掩人耳目，他们可以选择一条不大会有人走的路线。 但还存在其他的一些复杂问题„„现在该对那些问题加以考虑了。走偏僻小路必须要熟悉地形才行，克罗伊敦夫妇可不熟悉地形，而且他们俩对地图都不怎么在行。另外，行车途中不能不停车加油，停车加油时他们的言谈举止都有可能暴露自己的身分而引起别人注意。不过„„这些险是非冒不可的。 真的非冒不可吗? 公爵夫人面对着欧吉维。“你要多少钱?” 这突如其来的问话把他吓了一跳。“唔„„我想你们家是非常有钱的。” 她冷冷地说：“我只问你要多少。” 那对猪眼睛眨巴了一下。“一万美元。” 尽管这数目比她所预料的多了一倍，她却不动声色。“倘若我们真付了这样一笔巨款，我们能得到什么样的回报呢?” 大胖子似乎被这话问糊涂了。“我已经说过，我可以对自己知道的一切守口2 如瓶。” “我们若是不付钱呢?” 他耸了耸肩。“我就下楼到门厅里去，拿起电话。” “不，”话说得斩钉截铁。“我们不会付钱给你。” 克罗伊敦公爵不安地移动着身子，探长那圆滚滚的肉脸涨得通红。“你听着，夫人„„” 她蛮横地打断他的话。“我不要听你的，你给我听着。”她目光紧紧盯住他的脸，同时她那漂亮、高颧骨的俏脸上展出一副霸道的神态。“我们即使付钱给你也得不到什么好处，顶多也只是拖延几天时间罢了。你把这一点已经讲得很清楚了。” “这对你们可是一个难得的机会„„” “住口!”她眼睛死死地盯住他，厉声呵斥道。他忍气吞声，满脸不高兴地住口了。 克罗伊敦公爵夫人知道，接下来的行动也许会是她一生中所作出的最重大的决定。决不能因自己的见识有限而出半点差错，决不能优柔寡断或举棋不定。要想赢大钱，就得下大注。她想利用这大肥佬的贪心大赌一场，而且恰到好处，使结果能保证万元一失。 她果断地宣布，“我们不会付给你一万美元，但我们会付给你二万五千美元。” 探长的眼珠子都鼓起来了。 “作为回报，”她不动声色地继续说道，“你得将我们的汽车开到北方。” 欧吉维依然是一副目瞪口呆的样子。 “二万五千美元，”她重复道。“现在先付一万，等你到芝加哥与我们碰面时再付一万五。” 大胖子舔了舔自己的嘴唇，依然一言未发，那双圆圆的小眼睛似乎不相信似的直盯住她的双眼。一阵沉默。 后来，在她目不转睛的逼视下，他微微点了一下头。 场面还是一片寂静。最后还是欧吉维开了腔：“这支雪茄让您讨厌了吧，公爵夫人?” 她点了点头，他随即将它掐灭了。习题全解 I . 1)Yes, he did, because he wanted to make them more anxious. 2)Because she didn't like her maid and secretary to know what they would talk to the detective. 3)Because he thought that he knew their secret and that he was in an advantageous position. 4)She found a note made but not destroyed by her husband. 5)He found that on the night the couple entered the hotel through the basement instead of the lobby, both very much shaken. 6)A brush trace is a mark left on something when lightly touched or rubbed. 7)Ogilvie came to talk with them rather than go to report to the police. 8)They had to spend one day or two investigating in the suburban areas. 9)Because every repair shop had been told to report to the police when a car needing fixing like theirs came in. 10)She thought that was safe for them by making use of the detective's avidity. 11)Originally, the detective asked for ten thousand only to keep silent and not to report to the police. But now the Duchess was asking him to drive their car north and she was ready to offer such a large sum. She knew the detective was greedy. Given so much money, he would do as she told him to. 12)Yes, Ogilvie accepted the Duchess' offer.Ⅱ . 1)The house detective's small narrow eyes looked her up and down scornfully from his fat face with a heavy jowl. 2)This is a pretty nice room that you have got. 3)The fat body shook in a chuckle because the man was enjoying the fact that he could afford to do whatever he liked and also he was appreciating the fact that the Duchess knew why he had come. 4)He had an unnaturally high-pitched voice. now, he lowered the pitch. When he spoke 5)Ogilvie spat out the words, throwing away his politeness. pretended 6)The Duchess was supported by her arrogance coming from parents of noble families with a history of three centuries and a half. She wouldn't give up easily. 7)It's no use. What you did just now was a good attempt at trying to save the situation. 8) "That's more acceptable," Ogilvie said. He lit another cigar, "Now we're making some progress. " 9)...he looked at the Duchess sardonically as if he wanted to see if she dared to object to his smoking. 10)The house detective made noises with his tongue to show his disapproval. Ⅲ. See the translation of the text.IV. 1)advertisement 2)brassiers 3)doctor 4)refrigerator 5)gymnasium 6)high fidelity(radio, photography, etc. ) 7) intercommunication system 8)liberation 9)memorandum 10)microphone 11)modern 12)permanent wave 13)poliomyelitis 14)popular-song 15)preparatory (school) 16)professor 17)sister 18)television 19)veterinarian 20)zoologicalV. 1)a half-finished letter 2)a half-closed window 3)a piece of half-baked bread 4) a half-turned body 5) a well-appointed hotel 6)well-behaved pupils 7)well-chosen words 8)well-fed children 9)well-informed sources (people) 10) high-flown languageVI. 1)sound (v.) His words sound lofty and pretentious. 2)figure (v.) Commerce figures largely in the prosperity of the city. 3)go (n.) He is always on the go from early morning till late at night. 4)try (n.) He didn't succeed in his first try, but he kept on jumping. 5)dust (v.) They are dusting 6)square(v. ) He squared his the crops with insecticide. shoulders to show his determination． 7)good(n．)Overworking yourself will do more harm than good． 8)head(v．)On hearing that，he headed straight for the gate without looking back． 9)make(n．)I don't like a bicycle of this make． 10)reason(v．)If you reason from false premises．how can you expect the conclusion to be sound?Ⅶ.1)real 2)of no use／useless 3)are making some progress／ are accomplishing something 4)explain it exactly and in detail 5)what happens 6)deduce/reason out 7)started for 8)upset 9)a quick examination or inspection 10)need／occasion 11)observes／notices 12)bribed 13)wealthy／well— to—doⅧ.1)surveyed 2)gaze 3)swept 4)flipped 5)chuckled 6) shot out 7)spat forth these words8)sprang to her feet 9)clasped lO)swung around 11)detect 12)staredⅨ. 1)sardonic重在嘲讽，sarcastic重在嘲笑。 2)self-confidence意为依靠自己的力量；self-assurance指过于相信自己的能力，带贬义，可指自负。 3)accuse可用于正式场合，也可用于非正式场合，可用于官方，也可用于私人;charge指正式控告，到法院控告某人。 4)tired指疲劳或疲倦；weary指厌倦，不能或不愿继续下去。 5)leisurely意为不紧不慢地或从容不迫地。 6)oblige指为……帮忙；help意义广泛得多。 7)discreetly意为保持沉默，不让别人知道。 8)racing指脑筋在飞快地转动，quick指的是反应快，聪明(quick—minded)。 9)tense和nervous都表示害怕、担心；tense还可指焦虑不安,神经上紧张。在这里，用tense暗示公爵不是一个生性紧张的人，而是当时焦虑不安和害怕。 10)eventuality指可能出现的结果，possibility指可能出现的事情。 11)respite指延期、推迟或短时间的休息；relief指解除痛苦、疲劳、忧虑等之后的轻松。 12)vacillate指思想一时动摇，拿不定主意；indecisiveness则指人优柔寡断的性格。Ⅹ． 1)sleep 2)work 3)the moment 4)thought 5)a doubt 6)time 7)labour 8)perspiration 9)music lO)mind 11) steel 12)events 13)laughter 14)refusalⅪ． 1)他从不会被出乎意料的问题难倒。 2)明年他们将生产更多的稻米。 3)这事真难办。(或：这事真糟。) 4)他跃跃欲试。 5)这位老人仍然精力充沛。 6)这个小店出售花哨的小商品。 7)你想喝点什么? 8)这个男孩正在猛长个儿。 9)这个女孩是个神枪手。 10)这两位大人物进行了私下会晤。 11)我们被安排在招待所里过夜。 12)他发现自己陷入了困境。 13)突然我想到了一个主意。 14)他的科学幻想小说在美国轰动一时。Ⅻ． 1)There is no call for hurry．Take your time． 2)Are you suggesting that I am telling a lie? 3)He tried every means to conceal the fact． 4)Our chance to succeed is very slim．Nevertheless we shall do our utmost． 5)We will have our meeting at 10 tomorrow morning unless notified otherwise． 6)Neither of us is adept at figures． 7)Would it be possible to reach that place before dark assuming we set out at 5 o'clock(in the morning)? 8)He was reluctant to comply with her request. 9)I know you are from the South. Your accent has betrayed you. 10)We have no alternative in this matter.XIII. Omitted. XIV. Summary The Duke and the Duchess occupy a luxurious suite in a large hotel in New Orleans. On Monday evening while driving with his wife from a gambling house, the Duke knocks down a woman and her child. Both are killed. The Duke and the Duchess, however, drive away. The hit-and-run becomes top sensational news in the city. The hotel's chief house detective Ogilvie notices the battered car when it comes back. He does not go to report this to the police, instead, he comes to the couple's suite and has a talk with them. He promises to keep quiet about what he knows and asks for a large sum of money in return for the favour. The Duke, now totally at a loss as to what to do, has to let his wife handle the problem. The Duchess, a clever woman, first pretends to know nothing about what the detective says and denies the fact that they have killed the woman and the girl, but later admits it after the detective has produced a lot of evidence. She understands that to get themselves out of this mess, the car has to be driven out of the south where people are alerted about the hit-and-run. So she offers to pay Ogilvie twice more than he has asked on condition that he drives the ear to Chicago up in th